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  • Articles  (12)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (12)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-crystal x-ray spectroscopy at JET (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A double-crystal monochromator has been brought into operation at JET to measure absolute wavelengths and intensities of impurity spectral lines in the soft x-ray region from about 0.1 to 2.3 nm. It is capable of operating also during the deuterium-tritium (active) phase of JET because its detector is very effectively shielded against neutrons and hard x rays. The spectrometer has been swept over a wide wavelength range, around characteristic line groups as well as monochromatic line scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bragg spectroscopy of impurities during the JET preliminary tritium experiment : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5023-5025 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two Bragg spectrometers shared a shielded beamline, and monitored all significant plasma impurities throughout the Joint European Torus (JET) preliminary tritium experiment. The JET Active Phase Double Crystal Monochromator and a Bragg rotor spectrometer together monitored K-shell lines of Be, C, O, and Cl, and L-shell lines from metals such as Ni and Zn, in the wavelength range 0.2–11 nm. Background radiation was recorded during and after discharges, to assess the signal-to-noise ratio, and to monitor any activation or tritium ingress. Bragg spectroscopy was shown to be suitable for all impurities in magnetically confined D–T plasmas, using a thin foil to isolate tritium, and a low f-number shielded beamline. Future improvements to the signal-to-noise ratio are discussed in the context of a next-step machine such as ITER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new cluster source for the generation of binary metal clusters (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3718-3722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new thermal, supersonic cluster source for the investigation of binary metal cluster formation at thermodynamically well-defined expansion conditions is described. The source consists of two separately heatable cartridges. A first cartridge can be heated up to 1220 K and the second high temperature cartridge reaches maximal temperatures of 1800 K. A temperature difference of 1000 K between the two cartridges can be maintained for at least 3 h. Clustering occurs upon supersonic expansion from a conical nozzle. This cluster source has two main applications: (a) the generation of mixed metal clusters and (b) the investigation of pure metal clusters at various expansion conditions. The performance and applications of this source are illustrated by presenting results of the heterocluster formation of mixed sodium/gold and sodium/silver heteroexpansions. In addition, the influence of the oven parameters on the internal temperatures of the generated clusters is illustrated with the example of Na2. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitor for the carbon and oxygen impurities in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1829-1833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Bragg spectrometer for monitoring impurity radiation of hydrogenlike carbon and oxygen at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade is presented. The use of fast multistrip proportional counters allows soft x-ray photon counting with count rates above 1 MHz in a simple arrangement. The absolute calibration was performed using a large area x-ray tube with a LiF anode. The concentrations of both impurities are calculated using the coronal model both for ionization and electron impact excitation. The results of the measurements concerning the long term behavior before and after conditioning of the torus walls by boronization as well as the fast plasma processes are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147522
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spatially scanning vacuum ultraviolet and visible range spectrometer for spectroscopy of tokamak plasmas in ASDEX-Upgrade (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5433-5441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spatially scanning, combined vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and visible range spectrometer system for the spectroscopy of tokamak plasmas in the ASDEX-Upgrade experiment is described. This system is designed to allow flexible observation of about 2/3 of the boundary plasma using VUV (30–200 nm) and visible range spectrometers viewing along a common line of sight which can be scanned during the plasma discharge by means of a rotatable mirror. From successive spectra recorded using intensified, multichannel photodiode detectors and the recorded position data, spatial profiles of the plasma emission can be reconstructed. Because radiation losses from the boundary plasma can largely be attributed to line emission in the VUV spectral region, this instrument finds application in quantitative studies of radiation loss processes as well as to studies of impurity production and transport. Simultaneous observation in the visible spectral range facilitates an in situ absolute calibration of the VUV instrument by means of the "branching-ratios'' technique. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on calibration sources for soft-x-ray plasma spectroscopy and impurity monitors (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2826-2830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For absolute soft-x-ray line intensity measurements to deduce elemental concentrations and parameters of magnetically confined plasmas large-area x-ray sources are developed and investigated. These calibration sources use K, L, and M transitions in different elements and cover a wide photon energy (and wavelength) range. From the measured absolute line intensities of these sources the quantum efficiency values of numerous elements for K-, L-, and M-line emission per incident electron are deduced. They represent the basis of simple soft-x-ray monitors for impurities in fusion plasmas. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution emission and absorption spectroscopy for erosion product analysis in boundary plasmas : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 336-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The highly resolved spectra of the silicon multiplet around 251 nm are studied for plasmas in front of a C/C-SiC target interacting with a nearly cylindrically symmetric low temperature plasma jet. The erosion rates from this target are deduced from the silicon density distribution, which is determined from the line intensity ratios and details of the line profiles. Under the conditions of the plasma parameters in this plasma-target interaction experiment these spectral line parameters depend on the optical depths of the emitting and absorbing silicon atoms along the line of sight. The spectral line central branching ratios of lines with quite different products of absorption oscillator strength and statistical weight are most sensitive to the optical depth. In the case of high plasma jet currents the density of the eroded silicon is found to reach values of up to 5×1018 m−3 in agreement with gravimetric measurements. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149300
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low voltage drop plasma switch for inverter and modulator applications (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2312-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low forward voltage drop plasma switch has been developed for high-efficiency inverter and modulator applications. The switch, called the HOLLOTRON, is based on a grid-controlled, thermionic hollow-cathode discharge. A low forward voltage drop (10–20 V) is achieved by operating the hollow-cathode discharge in a static gas pressure of xenon. The dense plasma generated in the Ba-oxide dispenser hollow cathode is spread over a relatively large control grid area by a diverging magnetic field superimposed on the discharge. Interruption of the discharge current at high current densities ((approximately-greater-than)4 A/cm2) over the grid area is achieved by biasing the control grid sufficiently negative with respect to the plasma. The HOLLOTRON switch has demonstrated voltage stand-off of up to 20 kV, switching times of ≤0.3 μs, and pulse repetition frequencies of 20 kHz at 50% duty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143927
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local crystal lattice curvature measurements for bent-crystal spectrometers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The geometrical orientation and curvature radius of the lattice of cylindrically bent crystals in high-resolution x-ray spectrometers for plasma diagnostics are determined locally on the crystal surface by means of a double-crystal device in conjunction with precise transverse displacements of the x-ray beam and accurate angular recordings of the crystal. Surface areas of the crystal which have imperfect orientation and curvature quality and hence contribute to resolving power degradation are thus clearly identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141886
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuously space-resolved x-ray spectroscopy at JET (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 562-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Application of a double-crystal Bragg device with the one crystal swiveling additionally around the x-ray optical axis between the two crystals allows continuous spatial scanning of x-ray line emission from high-temperature plasmas. The main components and physical properties of the monochromator are described, and first results of measurements of spatial profiles of the emission shells of several nickel ionization stages at JET are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140363
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