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Transformation of simulated wet sulfate deposition in forest soils assessed by a core experiment using stable sulfur isotopes (1995)

Prietzel, J. ; Mayer, B. ; Krouse, H. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 79 (1995), S. 243-260

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract The effects of elevated atmospheric SO 4 2− deposition on S cycling in forest soils were assessed in an irrigation experiment using stable S isotopes. Over a period of 20 months, core lysimeters of five acidic forest soils from Southern Germany with different parent material and pedogenesis were irrigated with solutions chemically similar to canopy throughfall. Sulfate deposition in three experimental variants corresponded to 23, 42 and 87 kg S ha−1 yr−1. The SO 4 2− used for irrigation had aδ 34S ratio of +28.0‰ CDT (Canon Diablo Troilite standard), differing by more than +25‰ from natural and anthropogenic S in Southern Germany. A combination of chemical and isotopic analyses of soil and seepage water samples was used to elucidate the fluxes and transformations of simulated wet SO 4 2− deposition in each soil core. Retention of experimentally deposited S ranged from 57±5% in coarse-grained soils low in sesquioxides and clay, to 80±8% in loamy soils with high sesquioxide content. The sesquioxide content proved to be the major factor governing S retention. The ratio of S retained as inorganic SO 4 2− (mainly by adsorption) to that incorporated into organic compounds (presumably by microbial synthesis) ranged from 2 to 4. For the organic S pool, the amount of S retained as C-bonded S exceeded by far that immobilized as ester sulfate in four of the five soils. Application of34S-enriched SO 4 2− appears to be a suitable experimental tool to assess fluxes and transformations of deposited S in forest soils, if aerobic conditions are maintained. In contrast to radioactive S tracers, the concept should be applicable not only in laboratory and lysimeter experiments, but also in long term studies of whole forest ecosystems (e.g., experimental watersheds).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100440

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Biogeochemistry of Iron and Sulfur in Sediments of an Acidic Mining Lake in Lusatia, Germany (1998)

Friese, K. ; Wendt-Potthoff, K. ; Zachmann, D.W. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 108 (1998), S. 231-247

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: bacterial sulfate reduction ; iron reduction ; sediment ; pore-water chemistry ; acidic mining lake ; stable sulfur isotopes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract Chemical, microbiological and stable isotope analyses of sediments from an acidic mining lake were used to evaluate whether biogeochemical processes, such as iron and sulfate reduction, are extant, because such processes can potentially generate alkalinity. Sediment cores were sliced in cm intervals to achieve a high resolution for spatial distribution of organic and inorganic components. Iron, sulfur, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as the most probable number (MPN) of iron reducing bacteria, the amount of lipid phosphate and the stable isotope compositions of various sedimentary sulfur compounds were measured. Accumulation of degradable organic material, reduced mass fractions of iron, enhanced concentrations of lipid phosphate, high concentrations of DOC and ferrous iron in the pore water and a drastic change of sulfur isotope ratios in the upper 3 cm of the sediment all indicated a highly reactive zone of biogeochemical transformations. The data provide clear evidence for iron and sulfate reducing processes in the sediments that result in an increase of pH with depth.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005195617195

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