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Systemintegration of microsystems/chip elements in miniaturized automata for high-throughput synthesis and screening in biology, biochemistry and chemistry (1997)

Schober, A. ; Schlingloff, G. ; Thamm, A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Microsystem technologies 4 (1997), S. 35-39

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ISSN: 1432-1858

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology

Notes: Abstract Microsystems recently have been introduced as tools for screening in modern chemistry, biochemistry and biology. It has been shown that new microsystems can be implemented in the biomedical laboratory by using the microsystemic approach for the sample carrier – the miniaturized microtiter plate (“the nanotiter plate”) – or the production of nanodroplets with ink jetters and to integrate those systems in macrodevices like xyz tables and detection devices like CCD-cameras. We show in this paper that decisive problems of the approach – the evaporation problem and the problem of chemical/biochemical/biological compatibility of the assays and the used materials can be solved successfully. It is possible to realize chemical synthesis in miniaturized flow systems and to perform isothermal amplification of RNA in silicon wafers. Furthermore real high throughput screening with in vivo systems can be performed and all relevant parameters as evaporation, pipetting and detection can be controlled on reasonable time scales.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050089

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Thermal latent coordination compounds (1997)

Döring, M. ; Wuckelt, J. ; Ludwig, W. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 50 (1997), S. 569-586

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ISSN: 1572-8943

Keywords: crystal structure ; metal(II) picolinate and quinaldinate ; thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole complexes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Complexes of the type M(Pa)2(HAz)2 and M(QA)2(HAz)2 (M=cobalt(II) and nickel(II); HPa=picolinic acid, HQa=quinaldic acid; HAz=azoles like imidazole (Him), pyrazole (HPz), benzimidazole (HBzIm) etc.) show a similar thermal behaviour. In the first step of decomposition the corresponding azolinium picolinates or quinaldinates (H2AzPa, H2AzQa) are split off with formation of polymeric mixed ligand complexes M(Pa)(Az) or M(Qa)(Az). X-ray analysis of Co(Qa)2(HBzIm)2 XIIIa illustrates a proton transfer and a subsequent thermal removal of benzimidazolinium quinaldinate (H2BzImQa): Hydrogen bridges from pyrrole nitrogen of the benzimidazole to the non-coordinated oxygen of the quinaldinate predetermine the thermal initiated proton transfer. The high volatility of the heterocyclic acids and the nitrogen coordination are responsible for the formation of the mixed ligand complex Co(Qa)(BzIm) XIVa. Exceptions are the complexes M(Pa)2(HPz)2 XIa-b and M(Qa)2(HIm)2 XVIIa-b. Pyrazole is eliminated from the complexes XIa-b with formation of the solvent-free inner complex M(Pa)2 XIIa-b. From compounds XVIIIa-b quinaldic acid or their decomposition products are split off and a high temperature modification of M(Im)2 XVIIIa-b is formed at elevated temperature. XVIIIa-b are decomposed to the cyanides M(CN)2 similarly to the thermal behaviour of Cu(Im). In the first step the thermal degradation of imidazole and pyrazole adducts of copper(II) picolinates and quinaldinates is characterized by the elimination of azoles. The reason for this thermal behaviour is the weaker coordination of the azole heterocycles in copper chelate compounds.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979029

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Some applications of thermal analysis to the coordination chemistry (1992)

Ludwig, W. ; Döring, M. ; Fischer, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 239-253

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ISSN: 1572-8943

Keywords: complexes ; coordination chemistry

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Zersetzung Verhalten der Komplexverbindungen vom Typ C0D2I2 (P = acetylaceton, Benzoylaceton;I = Imidazol oder Derivate) erfolgt stufenweise. Im Falle vonD = Acetylaceton erfolgt zuerst eine Eliminierung von Acetylaceton wärend beiD = Benzoylaceton zuerst ein Heteroligand eine Abspaltung erfährt. Bei einer unsubstituiertenΒ-Position von Nickelacyclen des Typs (bipy)Ni(CH2CH2CH2COO) erfolgt eine thermisch induzierteΒ-Hydrideliminierung unter Ringspaltung und Freisetzung von CO2. Im Gegensatz zur hohen thermischen Stabilität des Trimesityl Aluminium erfahren die Zwischenverbindungen Almes2Cl und AlmesCl2 mit abnehmenden Mesityl- bzw. zunehmenden Chlorgehalt einen wessentlich früheren thermischen Zerfall. Bei zunehmenden Kovalenzgrad ist hier ein Einfluss der veränderten Polarisation anzunehmen. Der thermische Abbau der prinzipiell wasserhaltig kristallisierenden Nickelchelate von alkylsubstituierten Chinolin-8-ol beginnt jeweils mit der Dehydratisierung. In Abhängigkeit von der Kettenlänge und der Position der Substitution am Chinolin schliesst sich der thermische Abbau der Chelatliganden ein- bzw. mehrstufig an.

Notes: Abstract The behaviour of complexes of the type MeD2I2 (Me=Co,D = acetylacetone or benzoylacetone,I = imidazole and derivatives in the course of the stepwise thermal degradation is different. In the case ofD = acetylacetone in the first step acetylacetone is split off. At D = benzoylacetone the decomposition starts with the partial elimination of the heterocyclic ligands. InΒ-position unsubstituted nickelacyclic complexes from type (bipy)Ni(CH2CH2CH2COO) decompose by a reductive elimination and separating of CO2 forming a ‘(bipy)Ni’-intermediate. A single reductive decoupling is hindered by blocking up theΒ-position. Opposite to the high thermal stability of the trimesityl aluminium the intermediates Almes2Cl and AlmesCl2 show with decreasing amounts of mesityl groups and increasing content of halogene, respectively, a significant decreasing thermal stability. The thermal degradation of nickelchelates of alkylsubstituted chinolin-8-ol starts with the dehydration followed by a different separation of the ligands as a function of the chain-length and the position of the substituents of the ligands.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02109122

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