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  • Lepidoptera  (20)
  • Osteoclast  (6)
  • Springer  (26)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
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  • Springer  (26)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Institute of Physics
  • Wiley
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 266-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide ; Osteoclast ; Bone resorption ; Carbonic anhydrase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Long-term thiazide diuretic use is associated with higher bone mineral density and reduced hip fracture rates, which are attributed to increased serum calcium levels and decreased parathyroid activity that lead to decreased bone resorption. The present study shows that 1–100 μM hydro-chlorothiazide (HCTZ) dose dependently inhibits bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts in the bone slice assay with an IC50 of ∼20 μM. At these concentrations, HCTZ did not affect osteoclast survival on bone slices and had no effect on the proliferation of UMR-106 rat osteoblasts, indicating that the compound is not cytotoxic. However, such concentrations of HCTZ are unlikely to be achieved in man where therapeutic doses are usually 12.5–100 mg/day. That the in vitro effect of HCTZ on bone resorption may be due to inhibition of osteoclast carbonic anhydrase is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 68-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Promethazine ; Osteoclast ; Bone resorption ; H1 blockers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Several studies have shown that promethazine can reduce age-related osteopenia in mice. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with promethazine (50 mg/day) increases bone mineral content in the lumbar spine in post-menopausal women with osteopenia. However, the mechanism of action of promethazine has not been elucidated. The present study shows that promethazine HCl (0.01 – 10 μM) dose-dependently inhibits bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts in the bone slice assay with an IC50 of ∼1 μM. Since these concentrations are likely to be achieved in vivo, it is suggested that the beneficial effect of promethazine on osteopenia is at least partly due to a direct inhibitory effect on osteoclast activity.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 566-570 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Motility ; Calcitonin ; Prostacyclin ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We separated osteoclasts from bone and observed the effect of several known and potential mediators of the control of bone resorption on their cytoplasmic motility. We already found that calcitonin (CT), a hormone that inhibits bone resorption, regularly causes complete inhibition of cytoplasmic motility, specific for osteoclasts, through a trypsin-sensitive membrane receptor [1]. We report here that prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP induce an identical change in osteoclastic behavior. We found that theophylline, which inhibits intracellular cyclic AMP degradation, and which itself had no effect on osteoclastic motility, potentiated the cytoplasmic inhibition casued by CT, PGI2, and cyclic AMP. This suggests that PGI2 and CT cause cytoplasmic quiescence by increasing the intracellular level of cyclic AMP, a view compatible with the known ability of CT to increase cyclic AMP in bone [2]. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), PGE2, and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D3), hormones known to stimulate osteoclasts, did not stimulate the activity of either active or quiescent isolated osteoclasts. The undoubted ability of these hormones to stimulate osteoclastic activityin vivo may therefore be mediated through a primary hormonal interaction with another cell type.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Diphosphonates ; Ossification ; Osteoblast ; Osteoclast ; Osteocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Stimulated by the rather sparse information in the literature on cellular changes induced by EHDP, we carried out electron microscopic investigations on young bone tissue and on de novo bone formation. Cellular changes could be observed during continuous administration of EHDP. The osteoblasts demonstrated temporary storing of crystalloid structures in the mitochondria, and atypical osteocytes showed persistent changes indicative of hyperactivity. The osteoclasts exhibited varying ultrastructural features with respect to the number and appearance of nuclei, Golgi, RER, and lysosomes. These changes under the influence of EHDP could be an indication of altered activity of the osteoclast. The possible interference of EHDP with bone cell metabolism is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 556-558 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Bone resorption ; Mononuclear phagocytes ; Monocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory polykaryons, and myeloid cell lines were incubated on slices of human cortical bone and assessed for their capacity to resorb bone by scanning electron microscopy. None of these cell types, mononuclear or multinucleate, induced any detectable change in the bone surface, even after prolonged incubation, and even in the presence of macrophage activators. These findings emphasise the inadequacies of mononuclear phagocytes as surrogate osteoclasts, and expose a discrepancy between45Ca release and bone resorption.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1331-1347 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm moth ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; olfactory receptor cells ; single-cell recordings ; EAG ; pheromones ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; (Z)-7-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-hexadecenal ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleclrophysiological recordings from single olfactory receptor cells were carried out in the male tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Recordings were made primarily from the sensilla trichodea type 1, which are located in the characteristic circumferential rows on the antennae. They possess the longest sensilla hairs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensory cells of these sensilla responded specifically to pheromones. Only three types of receptor neurons were found, each tuned to one of the female-produced components. The majority (58%) of the neurons were tuned to the major component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:A1). Another large group (27%) responded specifically to stimulation with (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: Al). These two compounds are the most important components of the pheromones as judged by their influence on the behavioral responses of the males. The third type of neurons responded specifically to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16: OH), which may act either as a pheromone component or as an interspecific cue. None of the receptor neurons in the long sensilla trichodea responded specifically to the minor aldehyde components of the pheromone, which have subtle effects on behavior. Mixture experiments provided no evidence that minor components influence the receptor responses to the major components. Olfactory sensilla outside the crosswise rows were also characterized morphologically by SEM. Included in these were sensilla of different lengths, corresponding to a classification as s. basiconica and s. trichodea type 2. Electrophysiological recordings from these sensilla showed that they are involved primarily in host odor reception. However, a few of these neurons responded to pheromones.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 143-151 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; (Z)-11-tet-radecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; pheromone ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone behavioral responses were analyzed in a flight tunnel with European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), males from three distinct populations. Males from a bivoltine and a univoltine biotype using a 97.8∶2.2 blend (Z strains) of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate were assayed with treatments containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 3% of theE isomer. Males from neither population oriented in the plume to the 100%Z treatment, but bivoltine males oriented and flew to the source to the other three treatments, whereas univoltine males oriented and flew to the source only to the 1 % and 3 %E treatments. Males from a bivoltine biotype using a 1∶99 blend ofZ/E isomers (E strain) were assayed with sources containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 3% of theZ isomer. Males did not orient to the 0%Z source, but oriented and flew to the source to the other three treatments. In addition to using opposite geometric isomers for the main pheromone component, the bivoltineE strain differed from the bivoltineZ strain by producing and responding better to 1 % of the minor component and by storing 3 times more pheromone in the female glands. Contrary to previous reports, the blend of two pheromone components is significantly better than the main component alone in eliciting oriented flight and close-range behavior with males from all three populations of European corn borer.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 863-873 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European com borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; pheromone ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral responses of males from three New York races of European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), to various suspected sexpheromone-response antagonists were investigated with a flight tunnel protocol. Males from a bivoltine (Z) race and from a univoltine (Z) race utilizing a natural pheromone blend of 98∶2 (Z)-∶(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and males from a bivoltine (E) race utilizing a 1∶99 (Z)-∶(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratio were flown to their natural blends and to blends containing 1 % of one of the following additional compounds: Z9–12∶OAc,E9–12∶OAc,Z9–14∶OAc, andE9–14∶OAc. In each race, the added components lowered significantly the number of individuals completing the behavioral sequence. The only exception was bivoltineE males flown to a blend withE9–12∶OAc added. The number completing the sequence in this case was statistically not significantly lower than the number that completed the sequence to the standard blend. In all three races, theZ9–14∶OAc produced the most dramatic reduction in completed flights, and in the univoltineZ race, this added component was significantly more effective in reducing completed flights than any other added component. The response to the Z9–14∶OAc is understandable given recently published findings of an electrophysiological study of single sensilla in the European corn borer.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 671-675 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagenase ; Osteoclast ; Bone resorption ; Osteoblast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cell-free endocranial surface of young adult rat parietal bones was used as a substrate for bone cell-derived mammalian collagenase. Incubation of parietal bones in a concentration of enzyme comparable to that secreted by osteoblastic cells in vitro caused destruction of surface osteoid, and resulted in exposure of mineral onto the bone surface. Bones so pre-treated were considerably more susceptible to osteoclastic resorption than bones preincubated in the absence of collagenase. These results are consistent with the view that the osteoid layer which covers bone surfaces acts as a barrier to osteoclastic contact with underlying, resorption — stimulating bone mineral; and that cells of the osteoblastic lineage induce osteoclastic resorption through collagenase secretion which, by digestion of the surface osteoid, exposes bone mineral to osteoclastic contact.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
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