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  • Springer  (30)
  • American Physical Society  (20)
  • Springer Nature  (14)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)  (7)
  • Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial dependence of the pitch-angle and associated spatial diffusion coefficients for cosmic rays in interplanetary space (1974)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 26 (1974), S. 403-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial dependence of the pitch-angle and associated spatial diffusion coefficients for cosmic ray particles in interplanetary space is calculated in the WKB approximation. The model considers only Alfven waves of solar origin to be responsible for scattering of moderate energy particles. After developing the general theory results are presented for the asymptotic case corresponding to radial distancesr greater than about 1 to 2 AU. The radial diffusion coefficientи r increases with energyE likeи r ∼E υ, wherev≈2/3. The radial mean free path turns out to increase proportional tor 3 at medium and low heliographic latitudes. This behaviour is consistent with a very small radial cosmic ray gradient and the existence of a ‘free boundary’ for particle diffusion. At equal radial distances the high latitude mean free path is not only much smaller than the one calculated at the lower latitudes but in addition increases only weakly with distance. Some conceivable dynamical implications for the outer solar system are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645623
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Injection, Acceleration, and Dynamical Influence of Interstellar Pickup Ions at the Solar Wind Termination Shock (1998)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 264 (1998), S. 497-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of interstellar pickup ions with the solar wind termination shock is reviewed and assessed. The pickup ions mass and momentum load the wind and increase its pressure, effects which decrease the strength of the shock and its distance from the Sun. The pickup hydrogen may contribute substantially to the "reflected" ion population, which should provide most of the dissipation at the supercritical quasi-perpendicular shock. A fraction of the pickup ions impinging on the shock is "injected" into the process of diffusive shock acceleration to form the anomalous cosmic ray component. An injection mechanism which accounts for the apparent absence of solar wind ions in the anomalous component is "shock surfing", in which pickup ions which approach the shock slowly may be trapped between the upstream Lorentz force and the shock potential and accelerated in the motional electric field beyond the energy threshold for diffusive shock acceleration. However, the simplest interpretation of shock surfing would favor less massive pickup ion species, in contradiction with Voyager observations of anomalous component composition. A possible extension of the shock surfing mechanism is considered, as well as other injection mechanisms. Finally, the pressure of the anomalous component may modify the structure of the termination shock, which in turn may influence injection rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002468119228
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Kinetic Model of Coronal Heating and Acceleration by Ion-Cyclotron Waves: Preliminary Results (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 193 (2000), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a kinetic model of the heating and acceleration of coronal protons by outward-propagating ion-cyclotron waves on open, radial magnetic flux tubes. In contrast to fluid models which typically insist on bi-Maxwellian distributions and which spread the wave energy and momentum over the entire proton population, this model follows the kinetic evolution of the collisionless proton distribution function in response to the combination of the resonant wave-particle interaction and external forces. The approximation is made that pitch-angle scattering by the waves is faster than all other processes, resulting in proton distributions which are uniform over the resonant surfaces in velocity space. We further assume, in this preliminary version, that the waves are dispersionless so these resonant surfaces are portions of spheres centered on the radial sum of the Alfvén speed and the proton bulk speed. We incorporate the fact that only those protons with radial speeds less than the bulk speed will be resonant with outward-propagating waves, so this rapid interaction acts only on the sunward half of the distribution. Despite this limitation, we find that the strong perpendicular heating of the resonant particles, coupled with the mirror force, results in substantial outward acceleration of the entire distribution. The proton distribution evolves towards an incomplete shell in velocity space, and appears vastly different from the distributions assumed in fluid models. Evidence of these distinctive distributions should be observable by instruments on Solar Probe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005253706166
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feldspar–fluid interactions in braid microperthites: pleated rims and vein microperthites (1997)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 127 (1997), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Braid microperthitic alkali feldspars in the Klokken, South Greenland and Coldwell, Ontario syenite intrusions have bulk-compositional variations along grain boundaries called pleated rims. These, together with vein microperthites in aplites which cross-cut the syenites, have been investigated by SEM and TEM. We distinguish two main types of pleated rims, “arched ” and “parallel-sided ”, consisting of alternating Ab- and Or-rich areas on (001), which are 0.5–300 μm in length normal to (010) and 0.2–20 μm in width along (010). The smallest pleats, which occur on intracrystalline boundaries in Klokken feldspars, are fully coherent and composed of low albite and low microcline. Above the heads of some of the coarser pleats, braid microperthite grades into a film crypto- and micro-perthite and antiperthite microtexture called a “transitional zone” containing roughly planar lamellae of low albite and tweed orthoclase. During pleat development, local alternating volumes form in which the proportions of the phases differ ( phase separation) and the morphology of the intergrowths changes from braided to straight in response to this change in local bulk composition. Straightening is also accompanied by transformation of low microcline to tweed orthoclase. The coarsest pleats, which occur along grain boundaries in feldspars from the Coldwell syenite, are semi- or in-coherent and have a thick coherent and semicoherent transitional zone. Coarsening of pleats and development of the transitional zone has been facilitated by diffusion of “water” into grain interiors. In many cases, pleated rims have suffered deuteric alteration, by dissolution–reprecipitation processes, through the action of a water-rich fluid from the grain boundary, in which tweed orthoclase was transformed into irregular microcline and micropores developed. Vein microperthites in aplites from Klokken, and by extension the vein microperthites almost universal in most alkali granites, are interpreted to have formed by propagation of pleat heads across entire crystals during pervasive interaction with water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050281
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain-driven disordering of low microcline to low sanidine during partial phase separation in microperthites (1997)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 127 (1997), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Microperthitic feldspar crystals containing low microcline in a braid intergrowth often have distinctive microtextures including coarse semi- to in-coherent grain-boundary pleated rims and fine coherent intracrystalline Ab- and Or-rich pleats (Lee et al. 1997). The coarser pleated rims are generally separated from the braid microtexture in the crystal interior by a coherent to semi-coherent transitional zone. Partial phase separation has occurred in the transitional zone in step with that in the Ab- and Or-rich pleats at the grain boundaries, such that Ab-rich lamellar film micro-antiperthite alternates along (010) with more Or-rich lamellar film microperthite; the microtextures and phases are those expected for the respective local bulk compositions. Lamellar microtextures contain tweed orthoclase, whereas low microcline is the only K-feldspar in the fine coherent pleats and braid microperthite. We propose that the small coherent pleats developed from the braid microtexture by interaction of the spontaneous coherency strains with discontinuities within or at the surface of the crystal, and that their initial spacing is guided by that of the braid microperthite. We infer that the transitional zone formed by straightening of the zig-zag braid microtexture above the pleat heads during coarsening and partial phase separation. We further infer that the resulting coherency shear strains induced a reversal of the K-feldspar phase transformation, involving Si, Al disordering of low microcline into low sanidine, now tweed orthoclase, although the crystal was at a T within the hydrostatic T-stability of microcline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050282
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibition of mitochondrial energized processes by fluorescein mercuric acetate (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 2 (1971), S. 13-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of energized processes in both beef heart mitochondria and ETPH particles. FMA reacts preferentially with a small number of specific sulfur atoms and inhibits the phosphate-dependent configurational transition. FMA enhances the anaerobic to aerobic pH changes observed in intact mitochondria and submitochondrial particles, and also enhances nonenergized swelling in 0·15 M sodium or potassium chloride. The results are interpreted in terms of a model whereby FMA, in reacting with the mitochondrion, modifies its conformation. The resulting conformational changes which occur upon energization are therefore different from those conformational changes which would occur in the absence of FMA. The net result of this process is the inhibition of some processes (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation, ATP-32Pi exchange, etc.) and the enhancement of other processes (the proton shift and nonenergized swelling in chloride salts).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01521320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host lattice effects in impurity scattering (1975)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (1975), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of separating host lattice and impurity effects is discussed with reference to the interpretation of experimental lifetime anisotropies in dilute alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulysses' race to the pole: Symposium Summary (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 72 (1995), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reproduces the Symposium Summary presentation at the 28th ESLAB Symposium on The High Latitude Heliosphere. The summary is not comprehensive but with considerable latitude covers the highlights of the conference. Featured are the observations of the high-speed wind from the growing southern polar coronal hole, new measurements of the interstellar gas and pickup ions, new measurements of cosmic ray modulation at high latitude, and our growing awareness of the three-dimensional heliosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768824
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics of Mass Loaded Plasmas (2000)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 94 (2000), S. 429-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In space plasmas the phenomenon of mass loading is common. Comets are one of the most evident objects where mass loading controls to a large extent the structure and dynamics of its plasma environment. New charged material is implanted to the fast streaming solar wind by planets, moons, other solar system objects, and even by the interstellar neutral gas flowing through our solar system. In this review we summarize both the current observations and the relevant theoretical approaches. First we survey the MHD methods, starting with a discussion how mass loading affects subsonic and supersonic gasdynamics flows, continuing this with single and multi-fluid MHD approaches to describe the flow when mass, momentum and energy is added, and we finish this section by the description of mass loaded shocks. Next we consider the kinetic approach to the same problem, discussing wave excitations, pitch angle and energy scattering in linear and quasi-linear approximations. The different descriptions differ in assumptions and conclusions; we point out the differences, but it is beyond the scope of the paper to resolve all the conflicts. Applications of these techniques to comets, planets, artificial ion releases, and to the interplanetary neutrals are reviewed in the last section, where observations are also compared with models, including hybrid simulations as well. We conclude the paper with a summary of the most important open, yet unsolved questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026568530975
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-probing: A non-radioactive approach to mapping transposon insertions (1998)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 20 (1998), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: End-labeling ; GBS ; Mapping ; Restriction enzyme mapping ; Tn917
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two pieces of data are needed to fully map the location of a transposon inserted in a plasmid, the site of insertion and the transposon's orientation. Both of these parameters can be determined from a map of restriction sites, which can be derived by end-probing. Like restriction mapping, end-probing reveals the distance between restriction sites on a plasmid. In contrast to restriction mapping, end-probing unambiguously reveals the order of those restriction sites. End-probing is similar to end-labeling, except that the uncertainties inherent in the radiolabeling reaction (and the problems of working with radionucleotides) are avoided. In this paper we discuss the use of end-probing as a means to map insertions of transposon Tn917 into the Streptococcus agalactiae plasmid pGB354
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009851211362
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