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  • 1
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    Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: We derive a general model, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate. The model fits metabolic rates of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0 degrees to 40 degrees C. Mass- and temperature-compensated resting metabolic rates of all organisms are similar: The lowest (for unicellular organisms and plants) is separated from the highest (for endothermic vertebrates) by a factor of about 20. Temperature and body size are primary determinants of biological time and ecological roles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillooly, J F -- Brown, J H -- West, G B -- Savage, V M -- Charnov, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. gillooly@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/metabolism ; Animals ; *Basal Metabolism ; *Body Constitution ; Body Temperature ; *Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Fishes/metabolism ; Fractals ; Longevity ; Mammals/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Oxygen Consumption ; Plants/metabolism ; Reptiles/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanciotti, R S -- Roehrig, J T -- Deubel, V -- Smith, J -- Parker, M -- Steele, K -- Crise, B -- Volpe, K E -- Crabtree, M B -- Scherret, J H -- Hall, R A -- MacKenzie, J S -- Cropp, C B -- Panigrahy, B -- Ostlund, E -- Schmitt, B -- Malkinson, M -- Banet, C -- Weissman, J -- Komar, N -- Savage, H M -- Stone, W -- McNamara, T -- Gubler, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2333-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. rsl2@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; Birds/virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/classification/genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; New England/epidemiology ; New York City/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Songbirds/virology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/veterinary/*virology ; West Nile virus/*classification/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Changes in seismic anisotropy after volcanic eruptions: evidence from Mount Ruapehu (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: The eruptions of andesite volcanoes are explosively catastrophic and notoriously difficult to predict. Yet changes in shear waveforms observed after an eruption of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand, suggest that forces generated by such volcanoes are powerful and dynamic enough to locally overprint the regional stress regime, which suggests a new method of monitoring volcanoes for future eruptions. These results show a change in shear-wave polarization with time and are interpreted as being due to a localized stress regime caused by the volcano, with a release in pressure after the eruption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, V -- Savage, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geophysics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Comment on "The illusion of invariant quantities in life histories" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-15
    Description: Nee et al. (Reports, 19 August 2005, p. 1236) used a null model to argue that life history invariants are illusions. We show that their results are largely inconsequential for life history theory because the authors confound two definitions of invariance, and rigorous analysis of their null model demonstrates that it does not match observed data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savage, Van M -- White, Ethan P -- Moses, Melanie E -- Ernest, S K Morgan -- Enquist, Brian J -- Charnov, Eric L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):198; author reply 198.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. vsavage@cgr.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; *Body Weight ; Clutch Size ; *Growth ; Longevity ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Regression Analysis ; *Reproduction ; Sexual Maturation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Outbreak of West Nile virus in North America (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spielman, A -- Andreadis, T G -- Apperson, C S -- Cornel, A J -- Day, J F -- Edman, J D -- Fish, D -- Harrington, L C -- Kiszewski, A E -- Lampman, R -- Lanzaro, G C -- Matuschka, F-R -- Munstermann, L E -- Nasci, R S -- Norris, D E -- Novak, R J -- Pollack, R J -- Reisen, W K -- Reiter, P -- Savage, H M -- Tabachnick, W J -- Wesson, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1473-5; author reply 1473-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culex/genetics/physiology/*virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Europe/epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics/physiology/*virology ; North America/epidemiology ; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; West Nile virus/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Enhanced remote earthquake triggering at fluid-injection sites in the midwestern United States (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: A recent dramatic increase in seismicity in the midwestern United States may be related to increases in deep wastewater injection. Here, we demonstrate that areas with suspected anthropogenic earthquakes are also more susceptible to earthquake-triggering from natural transient stresses generated by the seismic waves of large remote earthquakes. Enhanced triggering susceptibility suggests the presence of critically loaded faults and potentially high fluid pressures. Sensitivity to remote triggering is most clearly seen in sites with a long delay between the start of injection and the onset of seismicity and in regions that went on to host moderate magnitude earthquakes within 6 to 20 months. Triggering in induced seismic zones could therefore be an indicator that fluid injection has brought the fault system to a critical state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Elst, Nicholas J -- Savage, Heather M -- Keranen, Katie M -- Abers, Geoffrey A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 12;341(6142):164-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1238948.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Post Office Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. nicholas@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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