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  • 1
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    Effects of size and temperature on metabolic rate (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: We derive a general model, based on principles of biochemical kinetics and allometry, that characterizes the effects of temperature and body mass on metabolic rate. The model fits metabolic rates of microbes, ectotherms, endotherms (including those in hibernation), and plants in temperatures ranging from 0 degrees to 40 degrees C. Mass- and temperature-compensated resting metabolic rates of all organisms are similar: The lowest (for unicellular organisms and plants) is separated from the highest (for endothermic vertebrates) by a factor of about 20. Temperature and body size are primary determinants of biological time and ecological roles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gillooly, J F -- Brown, J H -- West, G B -- Savage, V M -- Charnov, E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. gillooly@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphibians/metabolism ; Animals ; *Basal Metabolism ; *Body Constitution ; Body Temperature ; *Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Fishes/metabolism ; Fractals ; Longevity ; Mammals/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Oxygen Consumption ; Plants/metabolism ; Reptiles/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; *Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The fourth dimension of life: fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-05
    Description: Fractal-like networks effectively endow life with an additional fourth spatial dimension. This is the origin of quarter-power scaling that is so pervasive in biology. Organisms have evolved hierarchical branching networks that terminate in size-invariant units, such as capillaries, leaves, mitochondria, and oxidase molecules. Natural selection has tended to maximize both metabolic capacity, by maximizing the scaling of exchange surface areas, and internal efficiency, by minimizing the scaling of transport distances and times. These design principles are independent of detailed dynamics and explicit models and should apply to virtually all organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, G B -- Brown, J H -- Enquist, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 4;284(5420):1677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Division, MS B285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. gbw@lanl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10356399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology ; *Body Constitution ; *Body Surface Area ; *Fractals ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Metabolism ; *Models, Biological ; Plants/anatomy & histology ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: Allometric scaling relations, including the 3/4 power law for metabolic rates, are characteristic of all organisms and are here derived from a general model that describes how essential materials are transported through space-filling fractal networks of branching tubes. The model assumes that the energy dissipated is minimized and that the terminal tubes do not vary with body size. It provides a complete analysis of scaling relations for mammalian circulatory systems that are in agreement with data. More generally, the model predicts structural and functional properties of vertebrate cardiovascular and respiratory systems, plant vascular systems, insect tracheal tubes, and other distribution networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, G B -- Brown, J H -- Enquist, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Division, T-8, Mail Stop B285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9082983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Cardiovascular System/*anatomy & histology ; *Fractals ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Models, Anatomic ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Pulsatile Flow ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Energy uptake and allocation during ontogeny (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: All organisms face the problem of how to fuel ontogenetic growth. We present a model, empirically grounded in data from birds and mammals, that correctly predicts how growing animals allocate food energy between synthesis of new biomass and maintenance of existing biomass. Previous energy budget models have typically had their bases in rates of either food consumption or metabolic energy expenditure. Our model provides a framework that reconciles these two approaches and highlights the fundamental principles that determine rates of food assimilation and rates of energy allocation to maintenance, biosynthesis, activity, and storage. The model predicts that growth and assimilation rates for all animals should cluster closely around two universal curves. Data for mammals and birds of diverse body sizes and taxa support these predictions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hou, Chen -- Zuo, Wenyun -- Moses, Melanie E -- Woodruff, William H -- Brown, James H -- West, Geoffrey B -- DK36263/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR-018754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR018754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR018754-06A1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):736-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1162302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. houc@santafe.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Metabolism ; Biomass ; Birds/embryology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Body Size ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Food ; *Growth ; Male ; Mammals/embryology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHARMACOGENETICS - A FRESH APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF ALLERGY (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 118 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb33993.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Unidentified Pharmacologically Active Substance extracted from Cerebral Hemispheres (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 420-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Smooth-muscle-stimulating substance stimulates the isolated atropinized rat uterus after a latent period of about 45 sec. and continues to increase its tone over the next 5 min. The threshold dose for this effect is, in terms of fresh cerebral hemisphere, about 50 mgm. for the rat and rabbit and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/187420a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenal Cortical Hormones and the Formation of Histamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 1342-1343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Daily doses of cortisone or hydrocortisone (50 mgm./ kgm.) were given for 14 days to groups of rats, which were then killed. Several tissues were extracted and tested for histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine activity, tissues from solvent-injected animals serving as controls. The histamine-levels in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1811342a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptamine and Anaphylactic Shock (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 1417-1417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have now attempted to detormine, using the Dale-Schultz reaction, whether the substance responsible for the contraction of the sensitized guinea pig and rat uteri in the presence of antigen is histamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine. It was found that the guinea pig uteri (whether from sensitized or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1801417a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenalectomy and Tissue Amines (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Groups of rats (100-125 gm. in weight) were bilaterally adrenalectomized and maintained for four days on a cube diet and either drinking water or normal saline solution. Other groups were mock-adrenalectomized and similarly maintained. The animals were then killed and several tissues extracted and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/182401b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptamine and Hyperglycæmia (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 182-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently I have been studying the distribution of 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, an enzyme forming 5-hydroxytryptamine from 5-hydroxytryptophan, and I was surprised to find that the pancreas possesses a considerable degree of enzyme activity. For example, homogenates of the pancreas of the rat, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/182182a0
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