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  • 1
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    Electrostatic repulsion of positively charged vesicles and negatively charged objects (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-20
    Description: A positively charged, mixed bilayer vesicle in the presence of negatively charged surfaces (for example, colloidal particles) can spontaneously partition into an adhesion zone of definite area and another zone that repels additional negative objects. Although the membrane itself has nonnegative charge in the repulsive zone, negative counterions on the interior of the vesicle spontaneously aggregate there and present a net negative charge to the exterior. Beyond the fundamental result that oppositely charged objects can repel, this mechanism helps to explain recent experiments on surfactant vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aranda-Espinoza -- Chen -- Dan -- Lubensky -- Nelson -- Ramos -- Weitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):394-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Groupe de Dynamique des Phases Condensees, Case 26, Universite de Mo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10411499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Particle-stabilized defect gel in cholesteric liquid crystals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-08
    Description: Dispersions of colloidal particles in cholesteric liquid crystals form an unusual solid by stabilizing a network of linear defects under tension in the ideal layered structure of the cholesteric. The large length scales of the cholesteric liquid crystals allowed direct observation of the network structure, and its properties were correlated with rheological measurements of elasticity. This system serves as a model for a class of solids formed when particles are mixed with layered materials such as thermotropic and lyotropic smectic liquid crystals and block copolymers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zapotocky -- Ramos -- Poulin -- Lubensky -- Weitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):209-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Real-space imaging of nucleation and growth in colloidal crystallization (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-17
    Description: Crystallization of concentrated colloidal suspensions was studied in real space with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Direct imaging in three dimensions allowed identification and observation of both nucleation and growth of crystalline regions, providing an experimental measure of properties of the nucleating crystallites. By following their evolution, we identified critical nuclei, determined nucleation rates, and measured the average surface tension of the crystal-liquid interface. The structure of the nuclei was the same as the bulk solid phase, random hexagonal close-packed, and their average shape was rather nonspherical, with rough rather than faceted surfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gasser, U -- Weeks, E R -- Schofield, A -- Pusey, P N -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 13;292(5515):258-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gasser@deas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11303095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Surfactant-mediated two-dimensional crystallization of colloidal crystals (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: Colloidal particles can form unexpected two-dimensional ordered colloidal crystals when they interact with surfactants of the opposite charge. Coulomb interactions lead to self-limited adsorption of the particles on the surface of vesicles formed by the surfactants. The adsorbed particles form ordered but fluid rafts on the vesicle surfaces, and these ultimately form robust two-dimensional crystals. This use of attractive Coulomb interaction between colloidal particles and surfactant structures offers a potential new route to self-assembly of ordered colloidal structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramos -- Lubensky -- Dan -- Nelson -- Weitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Colloidosomes: selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Three-dimensional direct imaging of structural relaxation near the colloidal glass transition (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-29
    Description: Confocal microscopy was used to directly observe three-dimensional dynamics of particles in colloidal supercooled fluids and colloidal glasses. The fastest particles moved cooperatively; connected clusters of these mobile particles could be identified; and the cluster size distribution, structure, and dynamics were investigated. The characteristic cluster size grew markedly in the supercooled fluid as the glass transition was approached, in agreement with computer simulations; at the glass transition, however, there was a sudden drop in their size. The clusters of fast-moving particles were largest near the alpha-relaxation time scale for supercooled colloidal fluids, but were also present, albeit with a markedly different nature, at shorter beta-relaxation time scales, in both supercooled fluid and glass colloidal phases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weeks -- Crocker -- Levitt -- Schofield -- Weitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):627-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Physics and Astro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Multiple light-scattering probes of foam structure and dynamics (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: The structure and dynamics of three-dimensional foams are probed quantitatively by exploiting the strong multiple scattering of light that gives foams their familiar white color. Approximating the propagation of light as a diffusion process, transmission measurements provide a direct probe of the average bubble size. A model for dynamic light scattering is developed that can be used to interpret temporal fluctuations in the intensity of multiply scattered light. The results identify previously unrecognized internal dynamics of the foam bubbles. These light-scattering techniques are direct, noninvasive probes of bulk foams and therefore should find wide use in the study of their properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durian, D J -- Weitz, D A -- Pine, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):686-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Novel Colloidal Interactions in Anisotropic Fluids (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: Small water droplets dispersed in a nematic liquid crystal exhibit a novel class of colloidal interactions, arising from the orientational elastic energy of the anisotropic host fluid. These interactions include a short-range repulsion and a long-range dipolar attraction, and they lead to the formation of anisotropic chainlike structures by the colloidal particles. The repulsive interaction can lead to novel mechanisms for colloid stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulin -- Stark -- Lubensky -- Weitz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1770-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9065396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    Grain boundary scars and spherical crystallography (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: We describe experimental investigations of the structure of two-dimensional spherical crystals. The crystals, formed by beads self-assembled on water droplets in oil, serve as model systems for exploring very general theories about the minimum-energy configurations of particles with arbitrary repulsive interactions on curved surfaces. Above a critical system size we find that crystals develop distinctive high-angle grain boundaries, or scars, not found in planar crystals. The number of excess defects in a scar is shown to grow linearly with the dimensionless system size. The observed slope is expected to be universal, independent of the microscopic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bausch, A R -- Bowick, M J -- Cacciuto, A -- Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, M F -- Nelson, D R -- Nikolaides, M G -- Travesset, A -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1716-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, E22, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85747 Munchen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Elastic behavior of cross-linked and bundled actin networks (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: Networks of cross-linked and bundled actin filaments are ubiquitous in the cellular cytoskeleton, but their elasticity remains poorly understood. We show that these networks exhibit exceptional elastic behavior that reflects the mechanical properties of individual filaments. There are two distinct regimes of elasticity, one reflecting bending of single filaments and a second reflecting stretching of entropic fluctuations of filament length. The mechanical stiffness can vary by several decades with small changes in cross-link concentration, and can increase markedly upon application of external stress. We parameterize the full range of behavior in a state diagram and elucidate its origin with a robust model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardel, M L -- Shin, J H -- MacKintosh, F C -- Mahadevan, L -- Matsudaira, P -- Weitz, D A -- GM52703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1301-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Entropy ; Mathematics ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
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