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  • Rats  (79)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (79)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1987-12-11
    Description: One mechanism considered responsible for the hypercalcemia that frequently accompanies malignancy is secretion by the tumor of a circulating factor that alters calcium metabolism. The structure of a tumor-secreted peptide was recently determined and found to be partially homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The amino-terminal 1-34 region of the factor was synthesized and evaluated biologically. In vivo it produced hypercalcemia, acted on bone and kidney, and stimulated 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 formation. In vitro it interacted with PTH receptors and, in some systems, was more potent than PTH. These studies support a long-standing hypothesis regarding pathogenesis of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horiuchi, N -- Caulfield, M P -- Fisher, J E -- Goldman, M E -- McKee, R L -- Reagan, J E -- Levy, J J -- Nutt, R F -- Rodan, S B -- Schofield, T L -- AR 36446/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 39191/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital (New York State Department of Health), West Haverstraw 10993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/blood ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Neoplasms/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Glands/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Peptides/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thyroidectomy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: The M-current regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability of many neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. To date, however, the genes that encode subunits of this important channel have not been identified. The biophysical properties, sensitivity to pharmacological blockade, and expression pattern of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channels were determined. It is concluded that both these subunits contribute to the native M-current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, H S -- Pan, Z -- Shi, W -- Brown, B S -- Wymore, R S -- Cohen, I S -- Dixon, J E -- McKinnon, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1890-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Anthracenes/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ; KCNQ3 Potassium Channel ; Kinetics ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/physiology ; Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology ; Xenopus
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) class of excitatory amino acid receptors regulates the strength and stability of excitatory synapses and appears to play a major role in excitotoxic neuronal death associated with stroke and epilepsy. The conductance increase gated by NMDA is potentiated by the amino acid glycine, which acts at an allosteric site tightly coupled to the NMDA receptor. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current. In solutions containing low levels of glycine, I2CA completely blocks the response to NMDA, suggesting that NMDA alone is not sufficient for channel activation. I2CA will be useful for defining the interaction of glycine with NMDA receptors and for determining the in vivo role of glycine in excitotoxicity and synapse stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huettner, J E -- HL-35034/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2467381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Glycine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The action of dopamine and other monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses is terminated predominantly by high-affinity reuptake into presynaptic terminals by specific sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transport proteins. A complementary DNA encoding a rat dopamine transporter has been isolated that exhibits high sequence similarity with the previously cloned norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. Transient expression of the complementary DNA in HeLa cells confirms the cocaine sensitivity of this transporter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kilty, J E -- Lorang, D -- Amara, S G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Gene Expression ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1992-11-27
    Description: Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are polyamide oligomers that can strand invade duplex DNA, causing displacement of one DNA strand and formation of a D-loop. Binding of either a T10 PNA or a mixed sequence 15-mer PNA to the transcribed strand of a G-free transcription cassette caused 90 to 100 percent site-specific termination of pol II transcription elongation. When a T10 PNA was bound on the nontranscribed strand, site-specific inhibition never exceeded 50 percent. Binding of PNAs to RNA resulted in site-specific termination of both reverse transcription and in vitro translation, precisely at the position of the PNA.RNA heteroduplex. Nuclear microinjection of cells constitutively expressing SV40 large T antigen (T Ag) with either a 15-mer or 20-mer PNA targeted to the T Ag messenger RNA suppressed T Ag expression. This effect was specific in that there was no reduction in beta-galactosidase expression from a coinjected expression vector and no inhibition of T Ag expression after microinjection of a 10-mer PNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanvey, J C -- Peffer, N J -- Bisi, J E -- Thomson, S A -- Cadilla, R -- Josey, J A -- Ricca, D J -- Hassman, C F -- Bonham, M A -- Au, K G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1481-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Glaxo Inc. Research Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1279811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease HindIII/antagonists & inhibitors ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Plasmids ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: Substance P is a member of the tachykinin peptide family and participates in the regulation of diverse biological processes. The polymerase chain reaction and conventional library screening were used to isolate a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the rat substance P receptor from brain and submandibular gland. By homology analysis, this receptor belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The receptor cDNA was expressed in a mammalian cell line and the ligand binding properties of the encoded receptor were pharmacologically defined by Scatchard analysis and tachykinin peptide displacement as those of a substance P receptor. The distribution of the messenger RNA for this receptor is highest in urinary bladder, submandibular gland, striatum, and spinal cord, which is consistent with the known distribution of substance P receptor binding sites. Thus, this receptor appears to mediate the primary actions of substance P in various brain regions and peripheral tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hershey, A D -- Krause, J E -- NS21937/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):958-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2154852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Intestine, Small/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Submandibular Gland/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Urinary Bladder/analysis
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1989-07-14
    Description: Vasodilators are used clinically for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The effects of some vasodilators seem to be mediated by membrane hyperpolarization. The molecular basis of this hyperpolarization has been investigated by examining the properties of single K+ channels in arterial smooth muscle cells. The presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels in these cells was demonstrated at the single channel level. These channels were opened by the hyperpolarizing vasodilator cromakalim and inhibited by the ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide. Furthermore, in arterial rings the vasorelaxing actions of the drugs diazoxide, cromakalim, and pinacidil and the hyperpolarizing actions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and acetylcholine were blocked by inhibitors of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels, suggesting that all these agents may act through a common pathway in smooth muscle by opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Standen, N B -- Quayle, J M -- Davies, N W -- Brayden, J E -- Huang, Y -- Nelson, M T -- HL 35911/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 14;245(4914):177-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2501869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Benzopyrans/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cromakalim ; Diazoxide/pharmacology ; Glyburide/pharmacology ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*metabolism ; Pinacidil ; Potassium Channels/*drug effects/metabolism ; Pyrroles/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Tolbutamide/pharmacology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology ; Vasodilator Agents/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1990-09-14
    Description: The application of isolated pancreatic islet transplantation for treatment of diabetes mellitus has been hampered by the vulnerability of islet allografts to immunologic rejection. Rat islet allografts that were transplanted into the thymus of recipients treated with a single injection of anti-lymphocyte serum survived indefinitely. A state of donor-specific unresponsiveness was achieved that permitted survival of a second donor strain islet allograft transplanted to an extrathymic site. Maturation of T cell precursors in a thymic microenvironment that is harboring foreign alloantigen may induce the selective unresponsiveness. This model provides an approach for pancreatic islet transplantation and a potential strategy for specific modification of the peripheral immune repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Posselt, A M -- Barker, C F -- Tomaszewski, J E -- Markmann, J F -- Choti, M A -- Naji, A -- DK26007/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK34878/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2119056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*surgery ; Graft Enhancement, Immunologic ; Immune Tolerance ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Rats, Inbred WF ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Thymus Gland/surgery ; Transplantation, Heterotopic
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: The endosomal compartment of polarized epithelial cells is a major crossroads for membrane traffic. Proteins entering this compartment from the cell surface are sorted for transport to one of several destinations: recycling to the original cell surface, targeting to lysosomes for degradation, or transcytosis to the opposite surface. The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which is normally transcytosed from the basolateral to the apical surface, was used as a model to dissect the signals that mediate this sorting event. When exogenous receptor was expressed in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, it was shown that phosphorylation of pIgR at the serine residue at position 664 is required for efficient transcytosis. Replacement of this serine with alanine generated a receptor that is transcytosed only slowly, and appears to be recycled. Conversely, substitution with aspartic acid (which mimics the negative charge of the phosphate group) results in rapid transcytosis. It was concluded that phosphorylation is the signal that directs the pIgR from the endosome into the transcytotic pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casanova, J E -- Breitfeld, P P -- Ross, S A -- Mostov, K E -- R01-AI-25144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):742-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2110383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alanine ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Immunoglobulin A/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, Immunologic ; Secretory Component/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Borna disease virus (BDV) causes a rare neurological disease in horses and sheep. The virus has not been classified because neither an infectious particle nor a specific nucleic acid had been identified. To identify the genome of BDV, a subtractive complementary DNA expression library was constructed with polyadenylate-selected RNA from a BDV-infected MDCK cell line. A clone (B8) was isolated that specifically hybridized to RNA isolated from BDV-infected brain tissue and BDV-infected cell lines. This clone hybridized to four BDV-specific positive strand RNAs (10.5, 3.6, 2.1, and 0.85 kilobases) and one negative strand RNA (10.5 kilobases) in BDV-infected rat brain. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone suggested that it represented a full-length messenger RNA which contained several open reading frames. In vitro transcription and translation of the clone resulted in the synthesis of the 14- and 24-kilodalton BDV-specific proteins. The 24-kilodalton protein, when translated in vitro from the clone, was recognized by antibodies in the sera of patients (three of seven) with behavioral disorders. This BDV-specific clone will provide the means to isolate the other BDV-specific nucleic acids and to identify the virus responsible for Borna disease. In addition, the significance of BDV or a BDV-related virus as a human pathogen can now be more directly examined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉VandeWoude, S -- Richt, J A -- Zink, M C -- Rott, R -- Narayan, O -- Clements, J E -- RR00130/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR07002/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1278-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Colorado State University, Lab Animal Resources, Fort Collins 80532.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2244211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*blood ; Borna Disease/*microbiology ; Borna disease virus/*genetics/immunology ; Brain/microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Mental Disorders/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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