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  • Articles  (23)
  • Oxford University Press  (16)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • Physics  (20)
  • Geosciences  (4)
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  • Articles  (23)
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  • 1
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    Insights into the location and dynamics of the coolest X-ray emitting gas in clusters of galaxies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: We extend our previous study of the cool gas responsible for the emission of O vii X-ray lines in the cores of clusters and groups of galaxies. This is the coolest X-ray emitting phase and connects the 10 000 K H α emitting gas to the million degree phase, providing a useful tool to understand cooling in these objects. We study the location of the O vii gas and its connection to the intermediate Fe xvii and hotter O viii phases. We use high-resolution X-ray grating spectra of elliptical galaxies with strong Fe xvii line emission and detect O vii in 11 of 24 objects. Comparing the O vii detection level and resonant scattering, which is sensitive to turbulence and temperature, suggests that O vii is preferably found in cooler objects, where the Fe xvii resonant line is suppressed due to resonant scattering, indicating subsonic turbulence. Although a larger sample of sources and further observations is needed to distinguish between effects from temperature and turbulence, our results are consistent with cooling being suppressed at high turbulence as predicted by models of active galactic nuclei feedback, gas sloshing and galactic mergers. In some objects, the O vii resonant-to-forbidden line ratio is decreased by either resonant scattering or charge exchange boosting the forbidden line, as we show for NGC 4636. Charge exchange indicates interaction between neutral and ionized gas phases. The Perseus cluster also shows a high Fe xvii forbidden-to-resonance line ratio, which can be explained with resonant scattering by low-turbulence cool gas in the line of sight.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    The first Doppler images of the eclipsing binary SZ Piscium (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: We present the first Doppler images of the active eclipsing binary system SZ Psc, based on the high-resolution spectral data sets obtained in 2004 November and 2006 September–December. The least-squares deconvolution technique was applied to derive high signal-to-noise profiles from the observed spectra of SZ Psc. Absorption features contributed by a third component of the system were detected in the LSD profiles at all observed phases. We estimated the mass and period of the third component to be about 0.9 M and 1283 ± 10 d, respectively. After removing the contribution of the third body from the least-squares deconvolved profiles, we derived the surface maps of SZ Psc. The resulting Doppler images indicate significant star-spot activities on the surface of the K subgiant component. The distributions of star-spots are more complex than that revealed by previous photometric studies. The cooler K component exhibited pronounced high-latitude spots as well as numerous low- and intermediate-latitude spot groups during the entire observing seasons, but did not show any large, stable polar cap, different from many other active RS CVn-type binaries.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Distribution and evolution of starspots on the RS CVn binary II Pegasi in 2004 (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-15
    Description: We present Doppler images of RS CVn-type binary II Peg based on two data sets obtained in 2004 February and November. In order to improve signal-to-noise ratio and reliability, we apply least-squares deconvolution technique to calculate average profiles from 2032 photospheric absorption lines. Both of the resulting surface images show a wide latitude distribution of starspots. Most spots are concentrated at a high-latitude belt above 60° and a low-latitude belt near equator. The starspots evolved dramatically between two observing runs, which may indicate shorter time-scale evolution in this epoch, especially for low-latitude belt. There is no stable preferred active longitude that can be found in our images. We also find out a possible phenomenon that the intermediate-latitude spot migrated poleward and merged with the high-latitude spot to make it stronger, which may reveal a more complex behaviour of starspots on II Peg. A potential change of orbital ephemeris zero-point was detected. This may imply an orbital period change of II Peg like other active close binaries.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
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    Doppler images of the eclipsing binary ER Vulpeculae (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-20
    Description: We present Doppler images of both components of the eclipsing binary system ER Vul, based on the spectra obtained in 2004 November, 2006 September and 2008 November. The least-squares deconvolution technique is used for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratios of the observed profiles. The new surface images reveal that both stars of ER Vul show strong starspot activities and the starspots appear at various latitudes. The surface maps of 2006 and 2008 both show the presence of large high-latitude starspots on each component of ER Vul. We find no obvious phase shift of the active regions during our observations. The longitude distributions of starspots are non-uniform on both stars. At low-to-mid latitudes, the active regions are almost exclusively found in the hemisphere facing the other star. However, we find no pronounced concentration of spots at the sub-stellar points.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
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    Doppler images of the eclipsing binary ER Vulpeculae (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-29
    Description: We present Doppler images of both components of the eclipsing binary system ER Vul, based on the spectra obtained in 2004 November, 2006 September and 2008 November. The least-squares deconvolution technique is used for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratios of the observed profiles. The new surface images reveal that both stars of ER Vul show strong starspot activities and the starspots appear at various latitudes. The surface maps of 2006 and 2008 both show the presence of large high-latitude starspots on each component of ER Vul. We find no obvious phase shift of the active regions during our observations. The longitude distributions of starspots are non-uniform on both stars. At low-to-mid latitudes, the active regions are almost exclusively found in the hemisphere facing the other star. However, we find no pronounced concentration of spots at the sub-stellar points.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
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    Prion-induced amyloid heart disease with high blood infectivity in transgenic mice (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: We investigated extraneural manifestations in scrapie-infected transgenic mice expressing prion protein lacking the glycophosphatydylinositol membrane anchor. In the brain, blood, and heart, both abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) and prion infectivity were readily detected by immunoblot and by inoculation into nontransgenic recipients. The titer of infectious scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter. The hearts of these transgenic mice contained PrPres-positive amyloid deposits that led to myocardial stiffness and cardiac disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820586/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1820586/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trifilo, Matthew J -- Yajima, Toshitaka -- Gu, Yusu -- Dalton, Nancy -- Peterson, Kirk L -- Race, Richard E -- Meade-White, Kimberly -- Portis, John L -- Masliah, Eliezer -- Knowlton, Kirk U -- Chesebro, Bruce -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- 5R01HL66424-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AGO4342/PHS HHS/ -- NS041219-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG004342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Viral-Immunobiology Laboratory, Departments of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences and Infectology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/*analysis ; Amyloidosis/blood/etiology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Coronary Vessels/chemistry/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Heart Diseases/blood/etiology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Heart Function Tests ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microcirculation/chemistry/pathology ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*chemistry/*pathology ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry ; PrPSc Proteins/*analysis/blood ; Scrapie/blood/*pathology/physiopathology ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Domain dynamics during ferroelectric switching (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: The utility of ferroelectric materials stems from the ability to nucleate and move polarized domains using an electric field. To understand the mechanisms of polarization switching, structural characterization at the nanoscale is required. We used aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy to follow the kinetics and dynamics of ferroelectric switching at millisecond temporal and subangstrom spatial resolution in an epitaxial bilayer of an antiferromagnetic ferroelectric (BiFeO(3)) on a ferromagnetic electrode (La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)). We observed localized nucleation events at the electrode interface, domain wall pinning on point defects, and the formation of ferroelectric domains localized to the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic interface. These results show how defects and interfaces impede full ferroelectric switching of a thin film.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, Christopher T -- Gao, Peng -- Jokisaari, Jacob R -- Heikes, Colin -- Adamo, Carolina -- Melville, Alexander -- Baek, Seung-Hyub -- Folkman, Chad M -- Winchester, Benjamin -- Gu, Yijia -- Liu, Yuanming -- Zhang, Kui -- Wang, Enge -- Li, Jiangyu -- Chen, Long-Qing -- Eom, Chang-Beom -- Schlom, Darrell G -- Pan, Xiaoqing -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):968-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1206980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: The interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) converting enzyme (ICE) processes the inactive IL-1beta precursor to the proinflammatory cytokine. ICE was also shown to cleave the precursor of interferon-gamma inducing factor (IGIF) at the authentic processing site with high efficiency, thereby activating IGIF and facilitating its export. Lipopolysaccharide-activated ICE-deficient (ICE-/-) Kupffer cells synthesized the IGIF precursor but failed to process it into the active form. Interferon-gamma and IGIF were diminished in the sera of ICE-/- mice exposed to Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide. The lack of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in ICE-/- mice may account for their protection from septic shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Y -- Kuida, K -- Tsutsui, H -- Ku, G -- Hsiao, K -- Fleming, M A -- Hayashi, N -- Higashino, K -- Okamura, H -- Nakanishi, K -- Kurimoto, M -- Tanimoto, T -- Flavell, R A -- Sato, V -- Harding, M W -- Livingston, D J -- Su, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 3 ; *Caspases ; Caspases, Initiator ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cytokines/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/blood ; Interleukin-18 ; Kupffer Cells/*metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Spleen/cytology/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Hematopoietic cell regulation by Rac1 and Rac2 guanosine triphosphatases (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: The Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rac1 and Rac2 are critical signaling regulators in mammalian cells. The deletion of both Rac1 and Rac2 murine alleles leads to a massive egress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/Ps) into the blood from the marrow, whereas Rac1-/- but not Rac2-/- HSC/Ps fail to engraft in the bone marrow of irradiated recipient mice. In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Thus, Rac1 and Rac2 regulate unique aspects of hematopoietic development and function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Yi -- Filippi, Marie-Dominique -- Cancelas, Jose A -- Siefring, Jamie E -- Williams, Emily P -- Jasti, Aparna C -- Harris, Chad E -- Lee, Andrew W -- Prabhakar, Rethinasamy -- Atkinson, Simon J -- Kwiatkowski, David J -- Williams, David A -- DK62757/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):445-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*physiology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Recombination, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Factor/pharmacology ; Superoxides/metabolism ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Open-ocean fish reveal an omnidirectional solution to camouflage in polarized environments (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Despite appearing featureless to our eyes, the open ocean is a highly variable environment for polarization-sensitive viewers. Dynamic visual backgrounds coupled with predator encounters from all possible directions make this habitat one of the most challenging for camouflage. We tested open-ocean crypsis in nature by collecting more than 1500 videopolarimetry measurements from live fish from distinct habitats under a variety of viewing conditions. Open-ocean fish species exhibited camouflage that was superior to that of both nearshore fish and mirrorlike surfaces, with significantly higher crypsis at angles associated with predator detection and pursuit. Histological measurements revealed that specific arrangements of reflective guanine platelets in the fish's skin produce angle-dependent polarization modifications for polarocrypsis in the open ocean, suggesting a mechanism for natural selection to shape reflectance properties in this complex environment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, Parrish C -- Gilerson, Alexander A -- Kattawar, George W -- Sullivan, James M -- Twardowski, Michael S -- Dierssen, Heidi M -- Gao, Meng -- Travis, Kort -- Etheredge, Robert Ian -- Tonizzo, Alberto -- Ibrahim, Amir -- Carrizo, Carlos -- Gu, Yalong -- Russell, Brandon J -- Mislinski, Kathryn -- Zhao, Shulei -- Cummings, Molly E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):965-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5284. Epub 2015 Nov 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. ; Optical Remote Sensing Laboratory, the City College of New York-CUNY, New York, NY 10031, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA. ; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946, USA. ; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26586762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Mimicry ; Blood Platelets/cytology ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Predatory Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic ; Skin/anatomy & histology/blood supply ; Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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