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  • Mutation  (62)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (62)
  • International Union of Crystallography
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: We describe a sensitive mRNA profiling technology, PMAGE (for "polony multiplex analysis of gene expression"), which detects messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as rare as one transcript per three cells. PMAGE incorporates an improved ligation-based method to sequence 14-nucleotide tags derived from individual mRNA molecules. One sequence tag from each mRNA molecule is amplified onto a separate 1-micrometer bead, denoted as a polymerase colony or polony, and about 5 million polonies are arrayed in a flow cell for parallel sequencing. Using PMAGE, we identified early transcriptional changes that preceded pathological manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice carrying a disease-causing mutation. PMAGE provided a comprehensive profile of cardiac mRNAs, including low-abundance mRNAs encoding signaling molecules and transcription factors that are likely to participate in disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae Bum -- Porreca, Gregory J -- Song, Lei -- Greenway, Steven C -- Gorham, Joshua M -- Church, George M -- Seidman, Christine E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ventricular Myosins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Temple, L K -- McLeod, R S -- Gallinger, S -- Wright, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):807-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diagnosis ; *Disease/etiology ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Research ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: Bcl-2 family members bearing only the BH3 domain are essential inducers of apoptosis. We identified a BH3-only protein, Bmf, and show that its BH3 domain is required both for binding to prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins and for triggering apoptosis. In healthy cells, Bmf is sequestered to myosin V motors by association with dynein light chain 2. Certain damage signals, such as loss of cell attachment (anoikis), unleash Bmf, allowing it to translocate and bind prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. Thus, at least two mammalian BH3-only proteins, Bmf and Bim, function to sense intracellular damage by their localization to distinct cytoskeletal structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puthalakath, H -- Villunger, A -- O'Reilly, L A -- Beaumont, J G -- Coultas, L -- Cheney, R E -- Huang, D C -- Strasser, A -- CA 80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R29 DC003299/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1829-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, 3050 VIC, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Anoikis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Dyneins ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; *Myosin Type V ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss in humans and results from errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the absence of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) promotes aneuploidy in murine oocytes by inducing defective meiotic chromosome segregation. The abnormal oocyte karyotype is inherited by embryos, which die in utero at an early stage of development. In addition, embryo death in SCP3-deficient females increases with advancing maternal age. We found that SCP3 is required for chiasmata formation and for the structural integrity of meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that altered chromosomal structure triggers nondisjunction. SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Li -- Liu, Jian-Guo -- Hoja, Mary-Rose -- Wilbertz, Johannes -- Nordqvist, Katarina -- Hoog, Christer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; *Embryo Loss ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Litter Size ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nondisjunction, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synaptonemal Complex/physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: The coi1 mutation defines an Arabidopsis gene required for response to jasmonates, which regulate defense against insects and pathogens, wound healing, and pollen fertility. The wild-type allele, COI1, was mapped to a 90-kilobase genomic fragment and located by complementation of coi1-1 mutants. The predicted amino acid sequence of the COI1 protein contains 16 leucine-rich repeats and an F-box motif. It has similarity to the F-box proteins Arabidopsis TIR1, human Skp2, and yeast Grr1, which appear to function by targeting repressor proteins for removal by ubiquitination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, D X -- Feys, B F -- James, S -- Nieto-Rostro, M -- Turner, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1091-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cyclopentanes/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Genes, Plant ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxylipins ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Ubiquitins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-08-26
    Description: Contact-mediated axon repulsion by ephrins raises an unresolved question: these cell surface ligands form a high-affinity multivalent complex with their receptors present on axons, yet rather than being bound, axons can be rapidly repelled. We show here that ephrin-A2 forms a stable complex with the metalloprotease Kuzbanian, involving interactions outside the cleavage region and the protease domain. Eph receptor binding triggered ephrin-A2 cleavage in a localized reaction specific to the cognate ligand. A cleavage-inhibiting mutation in ephrin-A2 delayed axon withdrawal. These studies reveal mechanisms for protease recognition and control of cell surface proteins, and, for ephrin-A2, they may provide a means for efficient axon detachment and termination of signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hattori, M -- Osterfield, M -- Flanagan, J G -- EY11559/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD29417/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1360-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Disintegrins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Ephrin-A2 ; Gene Expression ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nervous System/embryology/enzymology ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, EphA3 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: The alpha subunit of a prototypical heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), which is encoded by a single gene (GPA1) in Arabidopsis, is a modulator of plant cell proliferation. gpa1 null mutants have reduced cell division in aerial tissues throughout development. Inducible overexpression of GPA1 in Arabidopsis confers inducible ectopic cell division. GPA1 overexpression in synchronized BY-2 cells causes premature advance of the nuclear cycle and the premature appearance of a division wall. Results from loss of function and ectopic expression and activation of GPA1 indicate that this subunit is a positive modulator of cell division in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ullah, H -- Chen, J G -- Young, J C -- Im, K H -- Sussman, M R -- Jones, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2066-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Alleles ; Arabidopsis/*cytology/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Cell Size ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Glucuronidase/analysis/genetics ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology ; Light ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves/cytology/growth & development ; Plants, Toxic ; Protein Subunits ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tobacco
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: In classical enzymology, intermediates and transition states in a catalytic mechanism are usually inferred from a series of biochemical experiments. Here, we derive an enzyme mechanism from true atomic-resolution x-ray structures of reaction intermediates. Two ultra-high resolution structures of wild-type and mutant d-2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (DRP) aldolase complexes with DRP at 1.05 and 1.10 angstroms unambiguously identify the postulated covalent carbinolamine and Schiff base intermediates in the aldolase mechanism. In combination with site-directed mutagenesis and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, we can now propose how the heretofore elusive C-2 proton abstraction step and the overall stereochemical course are accomplished. A proton relay system appears to activate a conserved active-site water that functions as the critical mediator for proton transfer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heine, A -- DeSantis, G -- Luz, J G -- Mitchell, M -- Wong, C H -- Wilson, I A -- GM44154/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):369-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde-Lyases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ligands ; Lysine/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protons ; Ribosemonophosphates/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Water
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1998-07-04
    Description: Mutations in the gene encoding the homeobox transcription factor NKX2-5 were found to cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease. A dominant disease locus associated with cardiac malformations and atrioventricular conduction abnormalities was mapped to chromosome 5q35, where NKX2-5, a Drosophila tinman homolog, is located. Three different NKX2-5 mutations were identified. Two are predicted to impair binding of NKX2-5 to target DNA, resulting in haploinsufficiency, and a third potentially augments target-DNA binding. These data indicate that NKX2-5 is important for regulation of septation during cardiac morphogenesis and for maturation and maintenance of atrioventricular node function throughout life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schott, J J -- Benson, D W -- Basson, C T -- Pease, W -- Silberbach, G M -- Moak, J P -- Maron, B J -- Seidman, C E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 3;281(5373):108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9651244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atrioventricular Node/physiopathology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Codon ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Linkage ; Heart Block/*genetics/physiopathology ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/*genetics/physiopathology ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism ; *Xenopus Proteins
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: The energy that sustains cancer cells is derived preferentially from glycolysis. This metabolic change, the Warburg effect, was one of the first alterations in cancer cells recognized as conferring a survival advantage. Here, we show that p53, one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancers, modulates the balance between the utilization of respiratory and glycolytic pathways. We identify Synthesis of Cytochrome c Oxidase 2 (SCO2) as the downstream mediator of this effect in mice and human cancer cell lines. SCO2 is critical for regulating the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex, the major site of oxygen utilization in the eukaryotic cell. Disruption of the SCO2 gene in human cancer cells with wild-type p53 recapitulated the metabolic switch toward glycolysis that is exhibited by p53-deficient cells. That SCO2 couples p53 to mitochondrial respiration provides a possible explanation for the Warburg effect and offers new clues as to how p53 might affect aging and metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matoba, Satoaki -- Kang, Ju-Gyeong -- Patino, Willmar D -- Wragg, Andrew -- Boehm, Manfred -- Gavrilova, Oksana -- Hurley, Paula J -- Bunz, Fred -- Hwang, Paul M -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1650-3. Epub 2006 May 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Respiration ; Cell Survival ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, p53 ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; Mutation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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