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  • 1
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    Battery-free, stretchable optoelectronic systems for wireless optical characterization of the skin (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: Recent advances in materials, mechanics, and electronic device design are rapidly establishing the foundations for health monitoring technologies that have "skin-like" properties, with options in chronic (weeks) integration with the epidermis. The resulting capabilities in physiological sensing greatly exceed those possible with conventional hard electronic systems, such as those found in wrist-mounted wearables, because of the intimate skin interface. However, most examples of such emerging classes of devices require batteries and/or hard-wired connections to enable operation. The work reported here introduces active optoelectronic systems that function without batteries and in an entirely wireless mode, with examples in thin, stretchable platforms designed for multiwavelength optical characterization of the skin. Magnetic inductive coupling and near-field communication (NFC) schemes deliver power to multicolored light-emitting diodes and extract digital data from integrated photodetectors in ways that are compatible with standard NFC-enabled platforms, such as smartphones and tablet computers. Examples in the monitoring of heart rate and temporal dynamics of arterial blood flow, in quantifying tissue oxygenation and ultraviolet dosimetry, and in performing four-color spectroscopic evaluation of the skin demonstrate the versatility of these concepts. The results have potential relevance in both hospital care and at-home diagnostics.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    High-power directional emission from microlasers with chaotic resonators (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: High-power and highly directional semiconductor microcylinder lasers based on an optical resonator with deformed cross section are reported. In the favorable directions of the far-field, a power increase of up to three orders of magnitude over the conventional circularly symmetric lasers was obtained. A "bow-tie"-shaped resonance is responsible for the improved performance of the lasers in the higher range of deformations, in contrast to "whispering-gallery"-type modes of circular and weakly deformed lasers. This resonator design, although demonstrated here in midinfrared quantum-cascade lasers, should be applicable to any laser based on semiconductors or other high-refractive index materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gmachl -- Capasso -- Narimanov -- Nockel -- Stone -- Faist -- Sivco -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1556-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, J. Faist, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho are at Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. E. E. Narimanov and A. D. Stone are in the Department of Applied Physics, Yale University.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Self-mode-locking of quantum cascade lasers with giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-11
    Description: We report on the generation of picosecond self-mode-locked pulses from midinfrared quantum cascade lasers, at wavelengths within the important molecular fingerprint region. These devices are based on intersubband electron transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, which are characterized by some of the largest optical nonlinearities observed in nature and by picosecond relaxation lifetimes. Our results are interpreted with a model in which one of these nonlinearities, the intensity-dependent refractive index of the lasing transition, creates a nonlinear waveguide where the optical losses decrease with increasing intensity. This favors the generation of ultrashort pulses, because of their larger instantaneous intensity relative to continuous-wave emission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paiella, R -- Capasso, F -- Gmachl, C -- Sivco, D L -- Baillargeon, J N -- Hutchinson, A L -- Cho, A Y -- Liu, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. robertop@lucent.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Bidirectional Semiconductor Laser (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: A semiconductor laser capable of operating under both positive and negative bias voltage is reported. Its active region behaves functionally as two different laser materials, emitting different wavelengths, depending on the design, when biased with opposite polarities. This concept was used for the generation of two wavelengths (6.3 and 6.5 micrometers) in the midinfrared region of the spectrum from a single quantum cascade laser structure. The two wavelengths are excited independently of each other and separated in time. This may have considerable impact on various semiconductor laser applications including trace gas analysis in remote sensing applications with differential absorption spectroscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gmachl -- Tredicucci -- Sivco -- Hutchinson -- Capasso -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):749-752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    High-Power Infrared (8-Micrometer Wavelength) Superlattice Lasers (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: A quantum-cascade long-wavelength infrared laser based on superlattice active regions has been demonstrated. In this source, electrons injected by tunneling emit photons corresponding to the energy gap (minigap) between two superlattice conduction bands (minibands). A distinctive design feature is the high oscillator strength of the optical transition. Pulsed operation at a wavelength of about 8 micrometers with peak powers ranging from approximately 0.80 watt at 80 kelvin to 0.2 watt at 200 kelvin has been demonstrated in a superlattice with 1-nanometer-thick AlInAs barriers and 4.3-nanometer-thick GaInAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These results demonstrate the potential of strongly coupled superlattices as infrared laser materials for high-power sources in which the wavelength can be tailored by design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scamarcio -- Capasso -- Sirtori -- Faist -- Hutchinson -- Sivco -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    The phase-dependent infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: The star upsilon Andromedae is orbited by three known planets, the innermost of which has an orbital period of 4.617 days and a mass at least 0.69 that of Jupiter. This planet is close enough to its host star that the radiation it absorbs overwhelms its internal heat losses. Here, we present the 24-micrometer light curve of this system, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. It shows a variation in phase with the orbital motion of the innermost planet, demonstrating that such planets possess distinct hot substellar (day) and cold antistellar (night) faces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrington, Joseph -- Hansen, Brad M -- Luszcz, Statia H -- Seager, Sara -- Deming, Drake -- Menou, Kristen -- Cho, James Y-K -- Richardson, L Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):623-6. Epub 2006 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; *Astronomy ; *Planets
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    K+ channel mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas and hereditary hypertension (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-12
    Description: Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell proliferation; the mechanisms linking these events are unknown. We identify two recurrent somatic mutations in and near the selectivity filter of the potassium (K(+)) channel KCNJ5 that are present in 8 of 22 human APAs studied. Both produce increased sodium (Na(+)) conductance and cell depolarization, which in adrenal glomerulosa cells produces calcium (Ca(2+)) entry, the signal for aldosterone production and cell proliferation. Similarly, we identify an inherited KCNJ5 mutation that produces increased Na(+) conductance in a Mendelian form of severe aldosteronism and massive bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. These findings explain pathogenesis in a subset of patients with severe hypertension and implicate loss of K(+) channel selectivity in constitutive cell proliferation and hormone production.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Murim -- Scholl, Ute I -- Yue, Peng -- Bjorklund, Peyman -- Zhao, Bixiao -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Ji, Weizhen -- Cho, Yoonsang -- Patel, Aniruddh -- Men, Clara J -- Lolis, Elias -- Wisgerhof, Max V -- Geller, David S -- Mane, Shrikant -- Hellman, Per -- Westin, Gunnar -- Akerstrom, Goran -- Wang, Wenhui -- Carling, Tobias -- Lifton, Richard P -- DK54983/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 AR060300/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 11;331(6018):768-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1198785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium ; Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Sodium/metabolism ; Zona Glomerulosa/metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    A stem cell-based approach to cartilage repair (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-12
    Description: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that involves the destruction of articular cartilage and eventually leads to disability. Molecules that promote the selective differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes may stimulate the repair of damaged cartilage. Using an image-based high-throughput screen, we identified the small molecule kartogenin, which promotes chondrocyte differentiation (median effective concentration = 100 nM), shows chondroprotective effects in vitro, and is efficacious in two OA animal models. Kartogenin binds filamin A, disrupts its interaction with the transcription factor core-binding factor beta subunit (CBFbeta), and induces chondrogenesis by regulating the CBFbeta-RUNX1 transcriptional program. This work provides new insights into the control of chondrogenesis that may ultimately lead to a stem cell-based therapy for osteoarthritis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Kristen -- Zhu, Shoutian -- Tremblay, Matthew S -- Payette, Joshua N -- Wang, Jianing -- Bouchez, Laure C -- Meeusen, Shelly -- Althage, Alana -- Cho, Charles Y -- Wu, Xu -- Schultz, Peter G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):717-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1215157. Epub 2012 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. kjohnson@gnf.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anilides/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cartilage, Articular/*cytology ; Cattle ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chondrocytes/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; *Chondrogenesis ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Filamins ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Osteoarthritis/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology ; Phthalic Acids/administration & dosage/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Regeneration ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Conflict monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been posited to signal a need for greater cognitive control, producing neural and behavioral adjustments. However, the very occurrence of behavioral adjustments after conflict has been questioned, along with suggestions that there is no direct evidence of ACC conflict-related activity predicting subsequent neural or behavioral adjustments in control. Using the Stroop color-naming task and controlling for repetition effects, we demonstrate that ACC conflict-related activity predicts both greater prefrontal cortex activity and adjustments in behavior, supporting a role of ACC conflict monitoring in the engagement of cognitive control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerns, John G -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- MacDonald, Angus W 3rd -- Cho, Raymond Y -- Stenger, V Andrew -- Carter, Cameron S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1023-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Cues ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reaction Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Quantum cascade surface-emitting photonic crystal laser (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: We combine photonic and electronic band structure engineering to create a surface-emitting quantum cascade microcavity laser. A high-index contrast two-dimensional photonic crystal is used to form a micro-resonator that simultaneously provides feedback for laser action and diffracts light vertically from the surface of the semiconductor surface. A top metallic contact allows electrical current injection and provides vertical optical confinement through a bound surface plasmon wave. The miniaturization and tailorable emission properties of this design are potentially important for sensing applications, while electrical pumping can allow new studies of photonic crystal and surface plasmon structures in nonlinear and near-field optics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colombelli, Raffaele -- Srinivasan, Kartik -- Troccoli, Mariano -- Painter, Oskar -- Gmachl, Claire F -- Tennant, Donald M -- Sergent, A Michael -- Sivco, Deborah L -- Cho, Alfred Y -- Capasso, Federico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1374-7. Epub 2003 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. colombel@ief.u-psud.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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