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  • 1
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    Quantum mechanical actuation of microelectromechanical systems by the Casimir force (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-10
    Description: The Casimir force is the attraction between uncharged metallic surfaces as a result of quantum mechanical vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. We demonstrate the Casimir effect in microelectromechanical systems using a micromachined torsional device. Attraction between a polysilicon plate and a spherical metallic surface results in a torque that rotates the plate about two thin torsional rods. The dependence of the rotation angle on the separation between the surfaces is in agreement with calculations of the Casimir force. Our results show that quantum electrodynamical effects play a significant role in such microelectromechanical systems when the separation between components is in the nanometer range.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, H B -- Aksyuk, V A -- Kleiman, R N -- Bishop, D J -- Capasso, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1941-4. Epub 2001 Feb 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    High-power directional emission from microlasers with chaotic resonators (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: High-power and highly directional semiconductor microcylinder lasers based on an optical resonator with deformed cross section are reported. In the favorable directions of the far-field, a power increase of up to three orders of magnitude over the conventional circularly symmetric lasers was obtained. A "bow-tie"-shaped resonance is responsible for the improved performance of the lasers in the higher range of deformations, in contrast to "whispering-gallery"-type modes of circular and weakly deformed lasers. This resonator design, although demonstrated here in midinfrared quantum-cascade lasers, should be applicable to any laser based on semiconductors or other high-refractive index materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gmachl -- Capasso -- Narimanov -- Nockel -- Stone -- Faist -- Sivco -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1556-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, J. Faist, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho are at Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. E. E. Narimanov and A. D. Stone are in the Department of Applied Physics, Yale University.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Self-mode-locking of quantum cascade lasers with giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-11
    Description: We report on the generation of picosecond self-mode-locked pulses from midinfrared quantum cascade lasers, at wavelengths within the important molecular fingerprint region. These devices are based on intersubband electron transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, which are characterized by some of the largest optical nonlinearities observed in nature and by picosecond relaxation lifetimes. Our results are interpreted with a model in which one of these nonlinearities, the intensity-dependent refractive index of the lasing transition, creates a nonlinear waveguide where the optical losses decrease with increasing intensity. This favors the generation of ultrashort pulses, because of their larger instantaneous intensity relative to continuous-wave emission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paiella, R -- Capasso, F -- Gmachl, C -- Sivco, D L -- Baillargeon, J N -- Hutchinson, A L -- Cho, A Y -- Liu, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. robertop@lucent.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Bidirectional Semiconductor Laser (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: A semiconductor laser capable of operating under both positive and negative bias voltage is reported. Its active region behaves functionally as two different laser materials, emitting different wavelengths, depending on the design, when biased with opposite polarities. This concept was used for the generation of two wavelengths (6.3 and 6.5 micrometers) in the midinfrared region of the spectrum from a single quantum cascade laser structure. The two wavelengths are excited independently of each other and separated in time. This may have considerable impact on various semiconductor laser applications including trace gas analysis in remote sensing applications with differential absorption spectroscopy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gmachl -- Tredicucci -- Sivco -- Hutchinson -- Capasso -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):749-752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    High-Power Infrared (8-Micrometer Wavelength) Superlattice Lasers (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: A quantum-cascade long-wavelength infrared laser based on superlattice active regions has been demonstrated. In this source, electrons injected by tunneling emit photons corresponding to the energy gap (minigap) between two superlattice conduction bands (minibands). A distinctive design feature is the high oscillator strength of the optical transition. Pulsed operation at a wavelength of about 8 micrometers with peak powers ranging from approximately 0.80 watt at 80 kelvin to 0.2 watt at 200 kelvin has been demonstrated in a superlattice with 1-nanometer-thick AlInAs barriers and 4.3-nanometer-thick GaInAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These results demonstrate the potential of strongly coupled superlattices as infrared laser materials for high-power sources in which the wavelength can be tailored by design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scamarcio -- Capasso -- Sirtori -- Faist -- Hutchinson -- Sivco -- Cho -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Measured long-range repulsive Casimir-Lifshitz forces (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-09
    Description: Quantum fluctuations create intermolecular forces that pervade macroscopic bodies. At molecular separations of a few nanometres or less, these interactions are the familiar van der Waals forces. However, as recognized in the theories of Casimir, Polder and Lifshitz, at larger distances and between macroscopic condensed media they reveal retardation effects associated with the finite speed of light. Although these long-range forces exist within all matter, only attractive interactions have so far been measured between material bodies. Here we show experimentally that, in accord with theoretical prediction, the sign of the force can be changed from attractive to repulsive by suitable choice of interacting materials immersed in a fluid. The measured repulsive interaction is found to be weaker than the attractive. However, in both cases the magnitude of the force increases with decreasing surface separation. Repulsive Casimir-Lifshitz forces could allow quantum levitation of objects in a fluid and lead to a new class of switchable nanoscale devices with ultra-low static friction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4169270/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4169270/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munday, J N -- Capasso, Federico -- Parsegian, V Adrian -- Z01 HD000241-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):170-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Models, Chemical ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanotechnology ; Optical Processes ; *Quantum Theory
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Self-assembled plasmonic nanoparticle clusters (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: The self-assembly of colloids is an alternative to top-down processing that enables the fabrication of nanostructures. We show that self-assembled clusters of metal-dielectric spheres are the basis for nanophotonic structures. By tailoring the number and position of spheres in close-packed clusters, plasmon modes exhibiting strong magnetic and Fano-like resonances emerge. The use of identical spheres simplifies cluster assembly and facilitates the fabrication of highly symmetric structures. Dielectric spacers are used to tailor the interparticle spacing in these clusters to be approximately 2 nanometers. These types of chemically synthesized nanoparticle clusters can be generalized to other two- and three-dimensional structures and can serve as building blocks for new metamaterials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, Jonathan A -- Wu, Chihhui -- Bao, Kui -- Bao, Jiming -- Bardhan, Rizia -- Halas, Naomi J -- Manoharan, Vinothan N -- Nordlander, Peter -- Shvets, Gennady -- Capasso, Federico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1135-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Conventional optical components rely on gradual phase shifts accumulated during light propagation to shape light beams. New degrees of freedom are attained by introducing abrupt phase changes over the scale of the wavelength. A two-dimensional array of optical resonators with spatially varying phase response and subwavelength separation can imprint such phase discontinuities on propagating light as it traverses the interface between two media. Anomalous reflection and refraction phenomena are observed in this regime in optically thin arrays of metallic antennas on silicon with a linear phase variation along the interface, which are in excellent agreement with generalized laws derived from Fermat's principle. Phase discontinuities provide great flexibility in the design of light beams, as illustrated by the generation of optical vortices through use of planar designer metallic interfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Nanfang -- Genevet, Patrice -- Kats, Mikhail A -- Aieta, Francesco -- Tetienne, Jean-Philippe -- Capasso, Federico -- Gaburro, Zeno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):333-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210713. Epub 2011 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: Light can be coupled into propagating electromagnetic surface waves at a metal-dielectric interface known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). This process has traditionally faced challenges in the polarization sensitivity of the coupling efficiency and in controlling the directionality of the SPPs. We designed and demonstrated plasmonic couplers that overcome these limits using polarization-sensitive apertures in a gold film. Our devices enable polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling with polarization-invariant total conversion efficiency and preserve the incident polarization information. Both bidirectional and unidirectional launching of SPPs are demonstrated. The design is further applied to circular structures that create radially convergent and divergent SPPs, illustrating that this concept can be extended to a broad range of applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Jiao -- Mueller, J P Balthasar -- Wang, Qian -- Yuan, Guanghui -- Antoniou, Nicholas -- Yuan, Xiao-Cong -- Capasso, Federico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):331-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1233746.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Quantum cascade surface-emitting photonic crystal laser (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: We combine photonic and electronic band structure engineering to create a surface-emitting quantum cascade microcavity laser. A high-index contrast two-dimensional photonic crystal is used to form a micro-resonator that simultaneously provides feedback for laser action and diffracts light vertically from the surface of the semiconductor surface. A top metallic contact allows electrical current injection and provides vertical optical confinement through a bound surface plasmon wave. The miniaturization and tailorable emission properties of this design are potentially important for sensing applications, while electrical pumping can allow new studies of photonic crystal and surface plasmon structures in nonlinear and near-field optics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colombelli, Raffaele -- Srinivasan, Kartik -- Troccoli, Mariano -- Painter, Oskar -- Gmachl, Claire F -- Tennant, Donald M -- Sergent, A Michael -- Sivco, Deborah L -- Cho, Alfred Y -- Capasso, Federico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1374-7. Epub 2003 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. colombel@ief.u-psud.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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