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  • Cambridge University Press  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3)
  • Geozon Science Media
  • Sage
  • 1
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    SLC24A5, a putative cation exchanger, affects pigmentation in zebrafish and humans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Lighter variations of pigmentation in humans are associated with diminished number, size, and density of melanosomes, the pigmented organelles of melanocytes. Here we show that zebrafish golden mutants share these melanosomal changes and that golden encodes a putative cation exchanger slc24a5 (nckx5) that localizes to an intracellular membrane, likely the melanosome or its precursor. The human ortholog is highly similar in sequence and functional in zebrafish. The evolutionarily conserved ancestral allele of a human coding polymorphism predominates in African and East Asian populations. In contrast, the variant allele is nearly fixed in European populations, is associated with a substantial reduction in regional heterozygosity, and correlates with lighter skin pigmentation in admixed populations, suggesting a key role for the SLC24A5 gene in human pigmentation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamason, Rebecca L -- Mohideen, Manzoor-Ali P K -- Mest, Jason R -- Wong, Andrew C -- Norton, Heather L -- Aros, Michele C -- Jurynec, Michael J -- Mao, Xianyun -- Humphreville, Vanessa R -- Humbert, Jasper E -- Sinha, Soniya -- Moore, Jessica L -- Jagadeeswaran, Pudur -- Zhao, Wei -- Ning, Gang -- Makalowska, Izabela -- McKeigue, Paul M -- O'donnell, David -- Kittles, Rick -- Parra, Esteban J -- Mangini, Nancy J -- Grunwald, David J -- Shriver, Mark D -- Canfield, Victor A -- Cheng, Keith C -- CA73935/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY11308/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD37572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD40179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG002154/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL077910/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR017441/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1782-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Alanine/genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiporters/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium/metabolism ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Melanins/analysis ; Melanosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics ; Threonine/genetics ; Zebrafish/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon recorded in a stalagmite from southern Oman (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: A high-resolution oxygen-isotope record from a thorium-uranium-dated stalagmite from southern Oman reflects variations in the amount of monsoon precipitation for the periods from 10.3 to 2.7 and 1.4 to 0.4 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.). Between 10.3 and 8 ky B.P., decadal to centennial variations in monsoon precipitation are in phase with temperature fluctuations recorded in Greenland ice cores, indicating that early Holocene monsoon intensity is largely controlled by glacial boundary conditions. After approximately 8 ky B.P., monsoon precipitation decreases gradually in response to changing Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation, with decadal to multidecadal variations in monsoon precipitation being linked to solar activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleitmann, Dominik -- Burns, Stephen J -- Mudelsee, Manfred -- Neff, Ulrich -- Kramers, Jan -- Mangini, Augusto -- Matter, Albert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1737-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. dominik.fleitmann@geo.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Discrete visual defects in pearl mutant mice (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: The mutant mouse pearl, characterized by its hypopigmentation, has a specific functional defect in a sensory system--the retina. The intact pearl mouse has reduced sensitivity in the dark-adapted condition. Normal sensitivity is restored by isolation and superfusion of the retina with bicarbonate-buffered Ringer solution, suggesting that the retinal expression of the pearl mutation depends on a diffusible substance. The pearl phenotype is described as a possible model for human congenital stationary night blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balkema, G W -- Mangini, N J -- Pinto, L H -- R01EY02536/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1085-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6600521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dark Adaptation ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*physiology ; Night Blindness/*genetics/physiopathology ; Retina/physiopathology ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    COMNISPA II: Update of a mid-European isotope climate record, 11 ka to present (2013)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: We present an update (COMNISPA II) of a precisely dated, high-resolution speleothem 18 O record from the Austrian Alps. COMNISPA II consists of five stalagmites from Spannagel Cave, which have comparable 18 O values within periods of simultaneous growth and show similar 18 O variations on centennial to millennial timescales. This allows combining the five stalagmites to one composite record using a newly developed statistical approach. The COMNISPA II stack differs slightly from the previous version, but is better constrained because of additional stalagmites used for the reconstruction and a more objective method used for constructing the composite record. Furthermore, the record now covers the last 11 ka and shows variations in 18 O values by about 2. As previously shown, these variations compare well with other records in central Europe and the North Atlantic, and thus reflect a large-scale climate evolution.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 5
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    Cuban stalagmite suggests relationship between Caribbean precipitation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation during the past 1.3 ka (2012)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-23
    Description: Here we present the first high-resolution 18 O record of a stalagmite from western Cuba. The record reflects precipitation variability in the northwestern Caribbean during the last 1.3 ka and exhibits a correlation to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). This suggests a relationship between Caribbean rainfall intensity and North Atlantic sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies. A potential mechanism for this relationship may be the strength of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC). For a weaker THC, lower SSTs in the North Atlantic possibly lead to a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and drier conditions in Cuba. Thus, this Cuban stalagmite records drier conditions during cold phases in the North Atlantic such as the ‘Little Ice Age’. This study contributes to the understanding of teleconnections between North Atlantic SSTs and northern Caribbean climate variability during the past 1.3 ka.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 6
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    Human adaptation strategies to abrupt climate change in Puerto Rico ca. 3.5 ka (2015)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-03
    Description: The connection between climatic change and social response is complex because change articulates a number of inter-related factors. Human decisions are filtered by social buffers – including social memory, risk perception, and cultural priorities – and the rate and scale of climate change is usually much larger than the scale of human decision-making. In this article, we provide information on climate change based on precisely dated speleothems with the response evident in archaeological sites that have radiocarbon date ranges within the same time frame. A stalagmite recovered from within the catchment area for aquifer recharge of the Pre-Arawak site of Angostura in Barceloneta, Puerto Rico, shows that a significant wet period occurred between 3.9 and 3.1 ka (primarily centered at 3.5 ka). We investigate the effect that this increase in precipitation had on the earliest occupations on the island in the context of palaeoenvironmental, geoarchaeological, and archaeological records from Angostura, Maruca, and Paso del Indio. Our analysis suggests the presence of two different adaptation strategies: settlement relocation and microlandscape modification. Our study concludes that the social response to change cannot be seen as monolithic given that human behavior, even within the same period, addresses the needs of individual groups with different priorities. This multiplicity of responses can indeed enhance resilience as social support can continue through alliances and exchanges, strengthening social bonds that can help buffer catastrophes. The results can help shed light on the range of adaptation strategies to change encompassed within the manifestations of social resilience or vulnerability.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 7
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    U/Th age constraints on the absence of ice in the central Inn Valley (eastern Alps, Austria) during Marine Isotope Stages 5c to 5a (2006)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Calcitic flowstones are present in fractures of a Pleistocene breccia near Innsbruck, Austria, and record periods of carbonate precipitation in the unsaturated zone between 101,500 ± 1500 and 70,300 ± 1800 yr, constrained by U-series disequilibrium dates. The occurrence of these speleothems, their low carbon isotopic composition, and the lack of infiltrated siliciclastic material demonstrate that the central Inn valley – which harbored one of the most extensive valley glaciers during the last glacial maximum – was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stages 5c to 5a. Climatically warm periods are separated by distinct drops in the oxygen isotopic composition of the speleothem calcite, attributed to strong and possibly seasonally biased atmospheric cooling. During these intervening stadials, which mirror those identified in the Greenland ice cores and marine sea-surface temperature records, calcite deposition apparently came to a halt, but the Inn Valley remained ice-free. The youngest calcite layer formed between ∼74,000 and ∼70,000 yr and places a maximum age limit on the likely expansion of alpine glaciers during the Marine Isotope Stage 5/4 transition, consistent with other speleothem records.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Holocene Climate Variability in Sicily from a Discontinuous Stalagmite Record and the Mesolithic to Neolithic Transition (2006)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-01
    Description: Fabric and stable isotopic composition of a Holocene stalagmite (CR1) from a cave in northern Sicily record changes in paleorainfall in the early Holocene. High δ13C stable isotope values in the calcite deposited from ca. 8500 to ca. 7500 yr ago are interpreted as reflecting periods of high rainfall. The wet phase was interrupted by two periods of multi-century duration characterized by relatively cool and dry winters centered at ca. 8200 and ca. 7500 yr ago, highlighted by low δ13C and δ18O values. A high variability of δ13C values is recorded from ca. 7500 to ca. 6500 yr ago and indicates that the transition from a pluvial early Holocene to the present-day climate conditions was punctuated by decadal-scale periods of relatively dry winters. In northern Sicily, the traditional elements of the Neolithic appear at ca. 7700 yr ago. It is possible that changes in rainfall influenced the passage from hunter-gathering to farming and sheep-herding economies.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Warm Period Growth of Travertine during the Last Interglaciation in Southern Germany (2000)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2000-07-01
    Description: Late-Quaternary travertine at two sites near Stuttgart formed entirely during interglacial periods. The travertine contains structures from growth induced by bacteria, and such structures have been dated by 230Th/U mass spectrometry. The resulting ages from both sites imply growth episodes of short duration, with growth rates up to 5 mm yr−1, at 99,800 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 8) and 105,900 ± 1300 yr B.P. (2σ n = 7). These episodes were likely part of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.3. Deposition of silt interrupted travertine growth at one of the sites ∼105,000 yr B.P. Likely correlatives of this silt are the St. Germain I-B stade recorded in the Grand Pile peat bog and a cold episode ∼1000 yr long recorded by δ18O values in the GRIP ice core. Travertine also formed during stage 5.5 (∼115,000 yr) and during the early Holocene. We found no evidence for travertine accumulation in stages 2, 3, 4, and 5.1. At both sites, the Sr/U ratio and the initial 234U/238U activity ratio resemble those of modern spring water. However, the sites differ in the chemical composition of spring water and in stratigraphic sequence of travertine accumulation.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    The Age of the Holstein Interglaciation: A Reply (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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