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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1978), S. 17-33 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The fluid forces acting on a uniform cylinder with an infinitely long axis, heaving in the free surface or an infinite ideal fluid, are described in terms of its ‘added mass’ and ‘damping coefficient’. The techniques of multipole expansion and multiparameter conformal transformation are adopted for such calculations and applied to shapes which cannot be adequately represented by the conventional, and more rudimentary, ‘Lewis form fit’. The shapes referred to are both relevant to ship bows, one being a ‘fine section’ and the other a ‘bulbous section’. The parameters which influence the accuracy of the solution are examined. Results for these two sections are computed and compared with results based on (a) the ‘Lewis form approximation’ and (b) the ‘Frank's close fit method’ which employs a singularity representation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 665-679 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of the application of the Finite Element Method to compressible potential flows, typified by the airfoil problem, is undertaken. Some novel approaches, believed to simplify solution techniques, are presented.The solutions use two pseudo-variational integrals, appropriate to subsonic flows, and possessing a physical iterative basis. With constant-derivatives triangular elements formulated for cylindrical co-ordinates, accurate solutions are easily obtained for the flow over a circular cylinder. For arbitrary airfoils a simple mapping is used to transform them into near circles. An appropriate mesh is then constructed in the mapped plane. The paper then presents two solution approaches by which this non-linear problem is solved in both the near circle plane and the airfoil plane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 6 (1975), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Use of Titanium Castings to Produce a Complex Shaped Intermediate Casing of RB 199.This paper describes the present position on a highly stressed casing and its functions in the RB 199-34 R engine. When the parts of the casing are made from solid forged titanium billets, up to 93% of the material used is machined away. For this reason, the most complicated parts of the casing were procured as castings and welded together by TIG welding. The paper describes the present quality standard of the titanium castings. The tests on the materials and their mechanical properties show that the castings are inferior to the forgings only with respect to their HCF behaviour and their elongation at rupture. Macroscopic flaws are not entirely inevitable but can be detected by X-ray tests. The future prospects for titanium castings are considered favourable.
    Notes: Der Bericht beschreibt die Lage eines hochbeanspruchten Gehäuses und dessen Funktionen im Triebwerk RB 199-34 R. Bei der Herstellung der Einzelteile des Gehäuses aus massiv geschmiedeten Titanblöcken wird bis zu 93% des eingesetzten Materials zerspant. Die kompliziertesten Partien des Gehäuses wurden deshalb als Gußteil bezogen und mittels WIG-Schweißung verbunden. Der Bericht beschreibt den heutigen Qualitätsstand der Titangußteile. Die Ergebnisse der Werkstoff- und Festigkeitsuntersuchungen weisen nur im HCF-Verhalten und der Bruchdehnung Nachteile des Gusses gegenüber dem geschmiedeten Material aus. Makroskopische Fehler sind nicht vollständing vermeidbar, aber durch Röntgenprüfung nachzuweisen. Die künftigen Aussichten des Titangusses werden positiv beurteilt.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational transitions induced by pH changes in random copolymers of leucine and glutamic acid have been studied. Significant differences were observed in the potentiometric titration curves of copolymers with small (up to 4%) and large leucine contents. The helical stability of copolymers with small leucine content, determined from titration curves by the Zimm and Rice method, decreases slightly with an increase in the leucine content, whereas the helical stability of copolymers with large leucine content increases sharply with an increase of the leucine content. It is shown that copolymers with large leucine content aggregate in the region of transition into the helical state, but the increase of their helical state stability is not connected with intermolecular aggregation, as it was also observed for a nonaggregating fraction isolated from one of the copolymers by gel chromatography. A conclusion is made that the helix-coil equilibrium constant s for leucine does not itself exceed the s constant for uncharged polyglutamic acid. The stabilization of the helical state in copolymers with large leucine content is due to intramolecular aggregation of helices in these copolymers. The analysis of the leucine residue distribution between helical and nonhelical regions in globular proteins also gives no real arguments to ascribe special helix-forming properties to leucine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 145-157 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1177-1178 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 703-707 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Evidence was obtained supporting the theory that monomer droplets can become a locus of initiation and propagation in emulsion polymerization. This was done by reducing the size of the monomer droplets prior to initiation of polymerization using different preemulsification techniques for a typical latex recipe containing a common anionic surfactant. Monomer droplet size reduction caused an increase in the total surface area of the monomer droplets and thereby increased the competitiveness of these droplets for capturing active free radicals which are generated in the aqueous phase. As the total surface area of the monomer droplets was increased by preemulsification, a corresponding increase in the number of large particles formed by polymerization of these monomer droplets was experimentally measured. This work shows that monomer droplets are a locus of emulsion polymerization. However, the importance of monomer droplet polymerization is limited by their total surface area because of the competition for free radicals with other surfaces and/or particle nucleation processes. The results offer a basis for explaining why broad, and sometimes bimodal, particle size distributions are obtained in some commercial processes where the reactants are preemulsified prior to being charged into a reaction vessel.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 8 (1977), S. 393-399 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fatigue Behaviour of Rigid Cellular PlasticsThe fatigue behaviour of crosslinked and non-crosslinked rigid cellular PVC had been investigated for tensile, compressive, and shear stresses, and displayed by means of Wöhler diagrams.In dynamic extension/compression loading, precompression shortens the life of the specimen, while pre-extension lengthens it - within certain limits. This behaviour can be explained by the different forms of the stress-strain curves in extension and compression.Detailed analysis of the hysteresis loops, including evaluation of the strains, energy uptake, and damping value, allows conclusions to be drawn about the behaviour of the material when subjected to dynamic loads and the degree of approach to failure.Although cellular plastics are poor thermal conductors there is very little rise in temperature when they are subjected to dynamic loads.
    Notes: Es wird über Ermüdungsuntersuchungen an vernetzten und unvernetzten PVC-Schaumstoffen mit verschiedenem Raumgewicht bei unterschiedlichen Versuchstemperaturen unter Schub- und Zug/Druck-Beanspruchung berichtet.Aus den Auswertungen der während des Versuchs aufgezeichneten Hysteresisschleifen werden rechnerisch Verformung, Arbeitsaufnahme und Dämpfung und deren Veränderung bestimmt.Bei Steigerung der Spannungsamplitude wie mit fortschreitender Lastspielzahl vergrößern sich diese Werte.Neben den Wöhlerkurven dienen diese Werte zur Charakterisierung des Ermüdungsverhaltens.Bei Zug/Druckbeanspruchung liegt eine größere Verformung und Arbeitsaufnahme in der Druckphase vor. Eine Druckmittelspannung wirkt lebensdauerverkürzend; im Gegensatz dazu erhöht eine Zugvorspannung i. a. die Bruchlastspielzahl.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence on the fatigue corrosion behaviour of the steel X20Cr13 in chloride containing media by molybdenum additionsThe fatigue corrosion behaviour of a 13% Cr steel (used for turbine blades) has been studied in terms of its dependence on carbide shape and molybdenum additions in aqueous NaCl solutions of various concentrations at temperatures between room temperature and 200°C. Further tests in autoclaves were carried out in order to study the surface layers formed above 150°C without mechanical loads. Addition of 1% molybdenum yields a considerable increase of corrosion fatigue strength at room temperature, while there is no influence attributable to different shapes of graphite precipitations. At 150°C the corrosion fatigue strength is largely independent from sodium chloride concentration (0,1 to 27%); this means that very small quantities of sodium chloride are sufficient to produce heavy corrosion in wet steam at 〉 106 cycles. A range particularly suitable for such tests is the load range between ± 150 and ± 200 N/mm2 at 150°C, because these conditions approach those encountered in practice. The passivating layers are very thin (interference phenomena). Considering the increase of corrosion resistance produced by 1% Mo it is expected that 2.5% Mo will produce a further improvement, in particular with regard to pitting corrosion since rupture generally starts at the pits.
    Notes: Das Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten von 13% Cr-Stahl (eingesetzt für Turbinenschaufeln) wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Carbidausbildung und vom Molybdänzusatz ermittelt, und zwar in wässerigen NaCl-Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen bei Temperaturen zwischen Raumtemperatur und 200°C. Weitere Versuche in Autoklaven wurden durchgeführt, um die oberhalb 150°C ohne Belastung entstehenden Deckschichten zu untersuchen. Durch Zusatz von 1% Mo wird die Korrosionszeitfestigkeit bei Raumtemperatur wesentlich erhöht, während sich Unterschiede in der Carbidausbildung nicht auswirken. Bei 150°C ist die Korrosionszeit-festigkeit weitgehend unabhängig von der NaCl-Konzentration (0,1 bis 27%), d. h. daß schon geringe NaCl-Mengen genügen, um bei Lastspielzahlen über 106 starke Korrosion in Naßdampf hervorzurufen. Besonders geeignet für Untersuchungen ist der Belastungsbereich zwischen ± 150 und ± 200 N/mm2 bei 150°C, da diese Bedingungen betriebsnah sind. Die Passivierungsschichten sind sehr dünn (Interferenzerscheinungen). Aufgrund der Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei 1% Mo-Zusatz wird erwartet, daß 2,5% Mo eine deutliche weitere Verbesserung bringen, besonders im Hinblick auf die Lochkorrosion, da der Bruch an Lochkorrosionsstellen seinen Ausgang nimmt.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of Corrosion Resistance of Typical Aluminium Materials in Sea-WaterThe aluminium alloys Al99,5; AlMn 1 Mg 0,5, AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg3; AlMg 4,5 Mg 1 were subjected to polarization measurements as well as immersion tests on unpolarized samples in artificial sea water. The Free Corrosion Potential and the surface attack were measured.The determined values for the pitting potential of Al99,5 as well as the investigated alloys AlMg and AlMgMn, were found to be nearly independent of the composition. Differences between the alloys were found in immersion test by measurement of the Free Corrosion Potential. These differences can also be seen in the change of potential and surface conditions. The different investigations permit a general concept of the partial corrosion reactions.The results indicate that in aerated artificial sea water the investigated aluminium materials are generally cathodically controlled.
    Notes: An den Aluminiumwerkstoffen Al99,5: AlMn 1 Mg 0,5: AlMg 2 Mn 0,8; AlMg 3; AlMg 4,5 Mn und AlZn 4,5 Mg 1 wurden in künstlichem Meerwasser sowohl potentiostatische Polarisationsmessungen als auch Dauertauchversuche an unpolarisierten Proben unter Registrierung des Freien Korrosionspotentials durchgeführt und die Oberflächenveränderungen mikroskopisch ausgemessen.Die ermittelten Werte für das Lochfraßpotential von Al99,5 sowie von den untersuchten AlMg- und AlMgMn-Legierungen waren unter den genannten Bedingungen nahezu legierungsunabhängig. Bei den Dauertauchversuchen mit Messung des Freien Korrosionspotentials wurden graduelle Unterschiede im Korrosionsverhalten festgestellt, die in der Verlagerung der Potentiale und im Oberflächenbefund erkennbar waren. Die verschiedenen Untersuchungen lassen im Zusammenhang Rückschlüsse über den Ablauf der einzelnen Teilreaktionen der Korrosion zu. Ihre Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß bei den untersuchten Aluminiumwerkstoffen die Korrosionsreaktionen in lufthaltigem bzw. belüftetem künstlichem Meerwasser von 22°C überwiegend kathodisch gesteuert werden.
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