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  • Articles  (31)
  • Springer  (25)
  • Wiley  (4)
  • Taylor & Francis  (2)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1975-1979  (30)
  • 1930-1934  (1)
  • Physics  (31)
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  • Articles  (31)
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  • 1
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    Estimation of planktonic wind drift by transmissometry1 (1976)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary orbit-determination method having no co-planar singularity (1977)
    Springer
    Celestial mechanics and dynamical astronomy 15 (1977), S. 137-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has long been recognized and demonstrated in the astrodynamic literature that three observations of angular position are not always sufficient to determine a preliminary orbit. One reason for this is due to the fact that as the plane of the observer's motion approaches the plane of the orbit of the observed object, the determination of the orbit of the object becomes indeterminant. Merely changing the coordinate system will not eliminate the inherent indeterminacy or singularity. When the observed object is moving in the same plane as the observer, their relative motion is described in two dimensions rather than three. The problem reduces to defining two components of position and two of velocity given only three angular measures and no solution is possible. Although this singularity is a rather old, albeit infrequently arising problem in celestial mechanics, it has received renewed interest due to the advent of satellite observatories that observe other spacecraft. In this new circumstance the plane of the observer's motion is rather frequently near the plane of the object (12% to 35% of the time) and the co-planar singularity becomes a subject that deserves additional attention. It is the purpose of this paper to develop a practical and simple method of orbit determination using four observations. This method also allows one to avoid the problem of multiple orbit-determination solution roots, and provides numerical indices that are useful in assessing the degree of indeterminacy in any given observer/object geometry. This paper does not dwell at length on the theory of orbital singularities, since they have been already treated in celestial mechanics literature. Instead, the emphasis is on the details of a new computational technique, which has been found to be computationally more efficient than previous four-observation methods, and which is unique in being formulated in the geocentric system and involves only one scalar quantity in the correction process. The equations for the new method are developed and a numerical example is presented that demonstrates the efficiency of the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01228460
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A γγ coincidence study of transitions in239Np and239Pu from decay of243Am (1975)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 272 (1975), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-gamma coincidences and singles measurements with Ge detectors have been made on transitions in239Np and239Pu. Eighteen transitions in239Pu and three in239Np have been verified by coincidence data. High resolution singles measurements were made and new values for the energy and intensities ofγ-rays below 350 keV were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408144
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold tolerance of long-distance runners and swimmers in Hawaii (1977)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 21 (1977), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure thermal and metabolic responses of six marathon runners and six long-distance ocean swimmers during a standard cold tolerance test, and to compare the results. The two groups of lean endurance athletes lived in Hawaii and were matched on the basis of age, height, weight, and skinfold thickness. Maximal oxygen uptake, however, was significantly higher in the runners (66.5 versus 58.8 ml/(kg·min) for the swimmers). There were no significant differences in maximal tissue insulation or the derived nonfat insulation, although the runners tended to have higher values. Our findings suggest a possible hypothermic insulative adaptation in the runners and, therefore, indirectly support a recent hypothesis that marathon training may potentiate cross-adaptation to cold. Reasons for a relatively high nonfat insulation in the runners (0.098 (°C.m2)/W) are unknown, but seem related to a vascular mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensions of Leovy's linear mesospheric circulation model (1977)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 739-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Circulation ; mesospheric ; Circulation ; mid-latitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Linear mesospheric circulation models can quite realistically simulate mid-latitude mesospheric circulation and structure. In doing so they provide estimates for dissipation (Rayleigh friction ∼2×10−6s−1) and vertical mixing (≤30 m2s−1) appropriate near the mesopause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00881208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for conformeric states of Rhodopsin (1977)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Phospholipid-free ; Metarhodopsin II ; Double exponential rates ; Opsin conformers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectrophotometric measurements of metarhodopsin II appearance are made on five different kinds of rhodopsin preparations. Although the preparations differ greatly in their rhodopsin: phospholipid ratio, the meta II kinetics in all of them are strikingly similar in certain respects. Meta II appearance kinetics in all of the preparations are best described by two and only two exponentials. The ratio of these two rates is always about 5. The fast fraction: slow fraction ratio depends upon temperature. These fractions are reversibly convertible in the dark, and are interconverted on a time-scale which is long compared to the meta II appearance rate. It is shown that the kinetics of the earlier step in the bleaching sequence, viz., lumi- → meta I, is also described by double exponentials. Again the ratio of rates is ca. 5 and the fast-slow fractions correspond to those found in the meta I → meta II step. It is proposed that these facts support an hypothesis for the existence of two conformeric states of rhodopsin which are in thermal equilibrium. Thermodynamic parameters associated with this proposed equilibrium are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear systems analysis of repetitive firing behavior in the crayfish stretch receptor (1978)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 29 (1978), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nonlinear input-output behavior of the repetitive firing mechanism in crayfish tonic stretch receptor cells was studied using white-noise analysis; the latter technique allows estimation of Wiener kernel functions which provide a complete description of the system input-output behavior, at least for the conditions under which the experiment is performed. 200 ms-long steps of Gaussian-distributed current levels were injected through a microelectrode as the input. Nerve impulse (spike) frequency was used as the output variable. Analysis was restricted to signal frequency components less than or equal to the cell's firing frequency. For this frequency range, the Wiener kernels can be related directly to previously known physiological properties of neurons, such as pacemaker sensitivities, thresholds, and adaptation. Different measures of “spike frequency” (instantaneous frequency, average frequency, and convolution of the spike train with a Sinc function) were tested and gave approximately the same results, with the major differences being at high frequencies. At normal carrier frequencies (approx. 10 Hz) and small modulation depths (cell never shut off for long periods), the stretch receptor behaved very linearly; the first kernel had a peak at the origin followed by a negative decaying undershoot, as would be expected for a neuron with “refractory” (spike-dependent) adaptation; higher kernels made negligible contributions. In this range, the first kernel peak corresponded approximately to the cell's pacemaker sensitivity, as would be expected. When a high modulation depth was employed, the cell was silent for appreciable periods, indicating nonlinear behavior (half-wave rectification). The first kernels were qualitatively unchanged, but second kernels now made a significant contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364013
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear systems analysis of computer models of repetitive firing (1978)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 29 (1978), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulated white noise analysis experiments on a simple integrate-and-fire neuron model with adaptation yields Wiener kernels comparable to those found for a crayfish stretch receptor neuron, for low modulation depths (linear range). At high modulation depths (nonlinear range), this model corresponds well to the neuron only if the “membrane potential” variable is constrained to positive values. An alternative kind of neural model considered is one in which spike initiation processes are ignored, and instead a time-continuous spike frequency variable is used. Such an analytic differential equation model can be represented by a half-wave rectifier with low-pass feedback; simulated white noise analysis of this model shows good correspondence with the stretch receptor, except at the higher frequencies approaching the cell's carrier frequency. The analytic system model is amenable to mathematical analysis using linear and nonlinear systems theory, resulting in equations which relate features of Wiener kernels (peaks, undershoots, time constants, etc.) to previously described features of neurons (threshold, pacemaker sensitivity, adaptation or post-inhibitory rebound).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone fluctuations and the evolution of skin pigmentation in man (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 25 (1977), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Schwankungen der stratosphärischen Ozonkonzentration, die entweder durch chemische Änderungen oder durch klimatische Störungen verursacht werden, liefern eine zeitliche Erklärung für Hautpigmentunterschiede beim Menschen. In Perioden der Vereisung führen Zirkulationsänderungen zu einer Ozonzunahme über Gebieten mittlerer Breiten und in Verbindung damit zur Abnahme der Ultraviolettstrahlung, womit eine natürliche Auswahl für leichte Pigmentierung begünstigt wird. Perioden der Klimaoptima, die mit einer Abnahme des Ozonbetrages im Frühlingsmaximum verbunden sind, begünstigen die Entwicklung einer mäßigen und starken Hautpigmentierung.
    Notes: Summary Fluctuations in stratospheric ozone concentrations, resulting from either chemical changes or climatic perturbations, provide a temporal explanation of skin pigment differentiation in man. During periods of glaciation, changes in circulation lead to increased ozone over midlatitudes areas, with a concomitant decrease in ultraviolet radiation, favoring natural selection for light pigmentation. Periods of climatic optima, accompanied by decreased ozone amounts during spring maxima, favor development of moderate and heavy skin pigmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02243099
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  • 10
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    Evidence for conformeric states of Rhodopsin (1977)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7571
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1017
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Published by Springer
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