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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (19)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16)
  • 42.75
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
  • Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1950-1954  (12)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the base-pairing content of four specific tRNAs by infrared spectroscopy (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 1735-1745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared spectroscopy was used for the determination of the base-pairing content of four specific tRNAs in deuterium oxide solution. Infrared spectra were obtained in the 1750-1550 cm-1 region at various temperatures ranging from about 15 to 90°C. Melting curves were constructed by plotting the molar extinction coefficient at ν = 1657 cm-1 versus temperature. These transition curves enabled us to determine the ranges of temperature which correspond to the ordered (partially double-stranded) or randomly coiled structure of the tRNA. For a set of wavenumbers the extinction coefficients at these temperatures were used for the calculation of the base-pairing content. The procedure employed here is based on a method described earlier by Thomas [(1969) Biopolymers 7, 325-334]. For the conditions selected for this investigation (Mg2+-free D2O-buffer; 0.01M tris-DCl, 0.015M NaCl, pD 7.5) the results of this determination agree within the limits of errors with the number of base pairs predicted by the cloverleaf model.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1977.360160810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCILO calculations on hydrogen bonded complexes. Dimers involving second row atoms (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 12 (1977), S. 805-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PCILO method was used to study systems with the following types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, involving 2nd row atoms: N…H—S, S…H—S, N…H—Cl, Cl…H—F, Cl…H—Cl, P…H—N, P…H—P, P…H—F, S…H—F.In all the cases calculated, the PCILO method yields an accurate qualitative description of the stabilization energies and to some extent quantitatively good agreement with reliable ab initio and experimental results. The corresponding equilibrium distances are in almost all cases smaller (up to 0.6 Å) than the ab initio values of the same compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560120504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free radicals in colloidal systems: Formation and decay of radicals in the tensides α-hexadecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene) and α-tetradecyl-ω-(sodium sulfonato)tri(oxyethylene) (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 2279-2295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Organic radicals were produced in the tensides C16H33(OCH2CH2)21OH and C14H29(OCH2CH2)3-SO3Na in aqueous solutions using a short pulse of high energy electrons. The radicals were formed by OH attack on the (OCH2CH2)x-parts of the tensides. The decay of the 250nm absorption of the radicals was recorded at different initial radical concentrations and tenside concentrations. Several radicals could be produced in one micelle. Radicals formed in the same micelle decay within microseconds or faster. The half life time τ1 in a micelle carrying two radicals is 2,0·10-6 s for C16H33(OCH2CH2)21 OH and less than 6·10-7 s for C14H29(OCH2CH2)3SO3Na. A model for intramicellar radical-radical reactions is proposed according to which the rate is faster in tensides of high critical micelle concentration. Single radicals in micelles of C16H33(OCH2CH2)21OH can deactivate each other without leaving the micelles. This intermicellar reaction is discussed in terms of the rate of diffusion-controlled micelle-micelle encounters, an encounter time of 7·10-8s, and the above time τ1 for intramicellar reaction. The observed rate constant 2k of intermicellar reaction is 3,5·106 mol-1·l·s-1. At low tenside concentrations, the bimolecular rate constant increases since more single tenside radicals are present in solution. They react rapidly (ca. 108 mol-1·l·s-1) with radicals in micelles. Single radicals in C14H33(OCH2CH2)3-SO3Na micelles cannot directly react with each other because of the Coulombic repulsion between two anionic micelles. Reaction occurs after the exit of a tenside radical from its micelle, the rate of which depends on the micellar equilibrium Mn⇄Mn-1+M (M: tenside molecule; n: agglomeration number of micelle). A single radical in solution reacts with a single radical in a micelle with 2k = 1,0·108 mol-1·l·s-1 and with another single radical in solution with 4,0·107 mol-1·l·s-1.γ-Irradiation of both tensides in aqueous solution leads to slight increases in viscosity, followed by turbidity beyond the “gel dose” and phase separation. These effects are explained in terms of crosslinking of tenside molecules. Formation of a large network requires bridges between all participating tenside molecules (not only bridges between micelles).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung elektrochemischer Methoden in der Korrosionsforschung. Angriff von Fluoriden auf Stahl (1954)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The application of Electro-chemical Methods to the Investigation of Corrosion of Steel by FluoridesElectro-chemical methods can be advantageously employed in investigations on the corrosion of steel by Fluorine compounds and Hexafluosilicic acid compounds, such as are frequently to be found in mixtures used for the preservation of wood. Evidence of passivation by covering can be recognised by the anodic leg of the current potential curves obtained when steel is immersed in various solution containing alkaline fluorides. These are distinctly noticeable in the case of solutions containing alkaline fluorides, but the effect is not quite so marked with solutions containing Bifluorides. The low solubility of the products of corrosion and higher concentrations of solutions, with resultant formation of covering layers, favour the appearance of these effects. However, passivity cannot be substantiated in the case of solutions of hexafluosilicic acid and its salts. The anodic behaviour of steel in the various solutions under notice in this article runs on parallel lines with that which results from continuous immersion of steel in similar solutions.
    Notes: Zur Klärung der bei Korrosionsuntersuchungen an Stahl in Lösungen von Fluorverbindungen und Hexafluorkieselsäureverbindungen, wie sie häufig im Gemisch für Zwecke des Holzschutzes verwendet werden, können elektrochemische Methoden mit Vorteil angewandt werden. An den anodischen Ästen der Strom-Spannungskurven von Stahl in den verschiedenen fluoridhaltigen Lösungen können Passivitätserscheinungen durch Bedeckung erkannt werden. Diese sind in den Lösungen der Alkalifluoride besonders deutlich, in den Bifluoridlösungen ebenfalls, aber nicht so ausgeprägt vorhanden. Die gering Löslichkeit der entstehenden Korrosionen begünstigen infolge Deckschichtenbildung; dagegen ist in den Lösungen der Hexafluorkieselsäure und deren Salzen eine Passivität nicht festzustellen. Das anodische Verhalten von Stahl in den verschiedenen Lösungen, das in Korrosionsstromversuchen verfolgt wird, läuft parallel mit den Befunden von Dauertauchversuchen in den entsprechenden Lösungen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19540050504
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Form und Mechanismen von Rissen und Brüchen unter gleichzeitiger korrosiver und dynamischer Beanspruchung mit unterschiedlichen Frequenzen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 406-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Form and Mechanisms of Cracks and Fractures Caused by Simultaneous Corrosive and Dynamic Stress under Various FrequenciesDistinction of crack nucleation and crack propagation under variable frequencies and electrolytic corrosion. Relationship between crack nucleation and frequency due to differing sliding mechanisms. Crack propagation under decreasing frequencies causes transition from corrosion fatigue to cyclic stress corrosion cracking and finally stress corrosion cracking can be observed. Coordination of that transition with the increasing influence of the KISCC-value as determinant of the crack propagation.The influence of frequency on high temperature materals in hot gas atmosphere is mainly determined by creep mechanisms during top-load phase and the gas-metal-reactions. Accordingly the life time increases with growing load frequency.
    Notes: Anrißphase und Phase des Rißfortschritts bei der Betrachtung der Frequenzabhängigkeit unter elektrolytischer Korrosion. Abhängigkeit der Anrißphase von der Frequenz infolge unterschiedlicher Gleitmechanismen. Beim Rißfortschritt erfolgt mit sinkender Frequenz Übergang von Schwingungsrißkorrosion zu zyklischer Spannungsrißkorrosion und schließlich zu Spannungsrißkorrosion. Zuordnung dieses Übergangs zum zunehmenden Einfluß des KISCC-Wertes als Bestimmungsgröße für den Bruchvorgang.Frequenzabhängigkeit bei Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen in Heißgasatmosphäre im wesentlichen bestimmt durch Kriechvorgänge bei Einwirkung der Oberlast und zeitabhängige Gas-Metall-Reaktionen. Entsprechend verlängern sich die Standzeiten mit zunehmender Belastungsfrequenz.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780091108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concise paint technology. Von J. Boxall und J. A. von Fraunhofer. Verlag: Paul elek ltd., London 1977. £ 4.95 (1979)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 89-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19790300121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Chemie des Nitrosyl-Ions. III. Über das Nitrosyl-hexafluophosphat, NO[PF6] Mit 2 Abbildungen (1950)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 263 (1950), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung der Lösungen von Nitrosylchloroantimonat, NO[SbCl6], und Tetramethylammonium-hexafluophosphat, [N(CH3)4]PF6, in flüssigem Schwefeldioxyd wurde das Nitrosyl-hexafluophosphat, NO[PF6] erhalten. Es konnte durch eine Leitfähigkeitsmessung seiner Lösung in Nitromethan als Salz charakterisiert werden. Seine Darstellung und seine chemischen Eigenschaften werden eingehender beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19502630506
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of α-amanitin in dimethylsulfoxide solution (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 17 (1978), S. 1973-1986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The backbone and side-chain conformations of the bicyclic octapeptide α-amanitin indimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution have ben deduced from analysis of the nmr spectrl parameters and conformational energy calculations. Several ambiguities in the nmr spectral assignments were resolved following a comparison with the recently published conformation of β-amanitin in the crystalline state. The peptide proton exchange and temperature coefficient data demonstrate strong intramolecular hyfrogen bonds for the GLY5 and Cys8 peptide protons. The vicinal proton coupling constants are consistent with the cyclic octapeptide udergoing chain reversl at the Ile6-Gly7 abd the Hyp2-Hyi3 dipeptide segments. The upfield shifts of the glycine and isoleucine protons demonstrate the folding of the indole ring of the Trp4-Cys8 brifge towards the Gly5-Ile6-Gly7 half of the Ile-amanitin molecule. The structure af α-amanitin in DMSO is defined by the (φψ) backbone rotation angles Trp4(-90, -60), Gly5 (+120, -120), Ile6(-6, +120), Gly7 (+45, +60), Cys8(-120, -60), Asn1 (+175, -175), Hyp2 (-160, -45), and Hyi3 (-90, -60). The study demonstrates that the structure of α-amanitin in solution is similar to the structure f β-amanitin in the crystalline state.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1978.360170812
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenschaften von Polypropylen-Kautschuk-CompoundsVortrag anläßlich der gemeinsamen Tagung der Fachgruppe „Makromolekulare Chemie“ der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker und des Fachausschusses „Physik der Hoch-polymeren“ der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft über „,Mehrphasige Polymersysteme“ in Bad Nauheim am 30. März 1976. (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 60 (1977), S. 87-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Compounds of propylene-homopolymers with SBS-, EPM- and EPDM-rubber are principally qualified to improve impact resistance esp. at low temperatures.The relationship between the improvement of impact properties and deterioration of tensile-, flexural- and torsional strength in this case is worse than for propylene-block-copolymers. The advantage of compounds is given by the simple possibility to improve the impact resistance as wanted. It has been shown by light- and electron-optical investigations that by compoundation a new phase is formed with particle sizes of 5 μm diameter.
    Notes: Die Compoundierung von Propylen-Homopolymerisat mit SBS-, EPM- und EPDM- Kautschuk ist grundsätzlich geeignet, ein verbessertes Kälteschlagverhalten zu erreichen.Die Relation zwischen Verbesserung der Schlagzähigkeitswerte und der Verschlechterung des Spannungsverformungsverhaltens ist dabei ungünstiger als bei einem Propylen-Block-Copolymerisat. Der Vorteil der Compounds liegt in der einfachen Möglichkeit, das Schlagverhalten von Polypropylen praktisch beliebig zu gestalten.Licht- und elektronenoptische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß durch Compoundierung mit Kautschuk eine neue Phase entsteht mit Teilchendurchmessern bis zu 5 μm.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1977.050600104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theorie des Ultraschallabbaus auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 49 (1976), S. 23-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The progress of ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution can be described theoretically by the aid of the model of pearlstring molecules. According to this molecular model macromolecules are built up like a pearl necklace of so-called tertiary structural units. There is correlation between molecular weight of structural units to be obtained by measuring electron micrographs and limiting molecular weight after ultrasonic degradation.Experimental results suggest that molecules resembling a string of pearls are broken at the chain between its spherical units. Two imaginable ways of degradation mechanism are discussed: fragmentary and stepless depolymerization. In the first case the chain is broken between its structural units in several steps; in the second case the pearlstring molecule is broken to all its units in one step. Mathematical consideration has provided an equation for the stepless mechanism. By the aid of this equation the complete progress of depolymerization can be calculated if the limiting molecular weight after ultrasonic degradation is known. On the other hand the limiting molecular weight may be calculated if the beginning of degradation is known. Stepless and fragmentary degradation can be distinguished by comparing the experimentally determined depolymerization with the calculated one.
    Notes: Um Aufschluß über Kinetik und Mechanismus der Ultraschall-Depolymerisation zu erhalten, wurde der Versuch unternommen, den zeitlichen Ablauf des Abbaus auf der Grundlage des Perlschnurmolekül-Modells theoretisch zu beschreiben. Nach diesem molekularen Modell sind Makromoleküle - ähnlich einer Perlschnur - aus mehreren, näherungsweise sphärischen, einheitlich und für ein gegebenes Polymeres charakteristisch großen sog. Tertiäreinheiten aufgebaut.Für den Ultraschall-Abbau von Perlschnurmolekülen werden zwei verschiedene Mechanismen diskutiert: der fragmentarische, bei dem die Perlschnurmoleküle stufenweise über Bruchstücke nach und nach zu den Tertiäreinheiten abgebaut werden und der stufenlose, bei dem die Depolymerisation der Perlschnurmoleküle unmittelbar zu den Tertiäreinheiten führt, so daß während des Abbaus nur Moleküle vom Anfangs- und Grenzmolekulargewicht, M0 und M∞, auftreten. Die mathematische Behandlung des stufenlosen Abbaus lieferte folgende Beziehung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline {\rm M} _{\rm i} = {\rm M}_{\rm 0} \cdot {\rm M}_\infty \left[ {{\rm M}_{\rm 0} - \left( {{\rm M}_0 - {\rm M}_\infty } \right) \cdot \left( {1 - \pi } \right)^{\rm i} } \right]^{ - 1} . $\end{document} Mit Hilfe dieser Abbaugleichung lassen sich bei Kenntnis von M0, M∞ und eines einzigen Mi-Wertes, der zur Berechnung der „Zertrümmerungskonstanten“ π erforderlich ist, Abbaukurven Mi=f (Beschallungszeit i), oder umgekehrt bei Kenntnis nur des Anfangs einer experimentellen Abbaukurve Grenzmolekulargewichte berechnen. Durch Vergleich der berechneten Abbaukurve mit der experimentell bestimmten ist es möglich, zwischen stufenlosem und fragmentarischem Abbau zu unterscheiden.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050490103
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