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  • Animals  (52)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 1980-1984  (52)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 1
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    DDT contamination at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1980-07-25
    Beschreibung: Disposal of industrial waste resulted in massive DDT contamination at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama. Nearly a decade after the cessation of DDT manufacturing at the facility responsible, concentrations of DDT residues in the local fauna are still high enough to suggest avian reproductive impairment and mortality. Populations of fish-eating birds are low, endangered species are being exposed, and muscle lipids of game birds contain up to 6900 parts of DDT (isomers and metabolites) per million.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, T J -- Fleming, W J -- Cromartie, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):509-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds ; DDT/*analysis ; Ducks ; *Industrial Waste ; Lipids/analysis ; Muscles/analysis ; Rabbits ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Associative learning in Aplysia: cellular correlates supporting a conditioned fear hypothesis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-01-30
    Beschreibung: Aversive associative learning in Aplysia california survives restraint of the animal and surgical exposure of the central nervous system. The learning is expressed in the intracellularly recorded activity of identified motor neurons mediating three different defensive behaviors: escape locomotion, inking, and siphon withdrawal. In each case, animals that had previously received paired training showed significant facilitation of synaptic input to motor neurons during test stimulation in the presence of the conditioned stimulus. Animals without such training showed no facilitation of input to the motor neurons. Resting potential and input resistance appeared unaffected by conditioning and were not altered by application of the conditioned stimulus. These results show that the conditioned facilitation of defensive responses cannot be explained by subthreshold actions of the conditioned stimulus on the motor neurons and support the hypothesis that Aplysia learn to associate the conditioned stimulus with a fearlike central state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carew, T J -- Walters, E T -- Kandel, E R -- 5K02MH0081/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5K05MH18558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH1574/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):501-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Locomotion ; Motor Neurons/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Associative Learning in Aplysia: evidence for conditioned fear in an invertebrate (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-01-30
    Beschreibung: Aversive classical conditioning of Aplysia californica, a gastropod mollusk suited for neurobiological study, produces a learned reaction to the chemosensory conditioned stimulus that is expressed as a marked facilitation of four defensive responses: two graded reflexes (head and siphon withdrawal), an all-or-none fixed act (inking), and a complex fixed action pattern (escape locomotion). In addition, the conditioned stimulus produces a concomitant depression of at least one appetitive response, feeding. These extensive and selective actions of the conditioned stimulus in Aplysia resemble the actions of conditioned fear stimuli in higher mammals and suggest that the functional equivalent of fear occurs in invertebrates and thus may be an adaptive mechanism that is widespread in the animal kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, E T -- Carew, T J -- Kandel, E R -- 5K02MH0081/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5K05MH18558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T32MH1574/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):504-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Defense Mechanisms ; Fear/*physiology ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Rhodamine-123 selectively reduces clonal growth of carcinoma cells in vitro (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1982-12-10
    Beschreibung: Rhodamine-123, a cationic laser dye, markedly reduced the clonal growth of carcinoma cells but had little effect on nontumorigenic epithelial cells in vitro. This selective inhibitory effect of Rhodamine-123 on some carcinomas is unusual since known anticancer drugs, such as arabinosyl cytosine and methotrexate, have not been shown to exhibit such selectivity in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernal, S D -- Lampidis, T J -- Summerhayes, I C -- Chen, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carcinoma/*drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Rhodamine 123 ; Rhodamines/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Differential classical conditioning of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1983-01-28
    Beschreibung: The defensive siphon and gill withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is a simple reflex mediated by a well-defined neural circuit. This reflex exhibits classical conditioning when a weak tactile stimulus to the siphon is used as a conditioned stimulus and a strong shock to the tail is used as an unconditioned stimulus. The siphon withdrawal component of this reflex can be differentially conditioned when stimuli applied to two different sites on the mantle skin (the mantle shelf and the siphon) are used as discriminative stimuli. The differential conditioning can be acquired in a single trial, is retained for more than 24 hours, and increases in strength with increased trials. Differential conditioning can also be produced within the field of innervation of a single cluster of sensory neurons (the LE cluster) since two separate sites on the siphon skin can serve as discriminative stimuli. The finding that two independent afferent inputs that activate a common set of interneurons and motor neurons can be differentially conditioned restricts the possible cellular loci involved in the associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carew, T J -- Hawkins, R D -- Kandel, E R -- 5KO2 M0081/PHS HHS/ -- 5KO5 MH18558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 12744/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6681571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; *Defense Mechanisms ; Humans ; Memory ; Reflex
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ventral posterior thalamic neurons differentially responsive to noxious stimulation of the awake monkey (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1983-08-12
    Beschreibung: Of 76 cutaneously activated neurons recorded from the ventral posterior thalamus of awake, behaving monkeys, nine were weakly excited by innocuous skin stimulation and responded maximally only when noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli were delivered within small, contralateral receptive fields. These results show that neurons capable of encoding the spatial and temporal features of noxious stimuli are located in the ventral posterior thalamus of the awake primate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, K L -- Morrow, T J -- NS 12581/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cats ; Consciousness/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A cellular mechanism of classical conditioning in Aplysia: activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1983-01-28
    Beschreibung: A training procedure analogous to differential classical conditioning produces differential facilitation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP's) in the neuronal circuit for the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Thus, tail shock (the unconditioned stimulus) produces greater facilitation of the monosynaptic EPSP from a siphon sensory neuron to a siphon motor neuron if the shock is preceded by spike activity in the sensory neuron than if the shock and spike activity occur in a specifically unpaired pattern or if the shock occurs alone. Further experiments indicate that this activity-dependent amplification of facilitation is presynaptic in origin and involves a differential increase in spike duration and thus in Ca2+ influx in paired versus unpaired sensory neurons. The results of these cellular experiments are quantitatively similar to the results of behavioral experiments with the same protocol and parameters, suggesting that activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation may make a significant contribution to classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, R D -- Abrams, T W -- Carew, T J -- Kandel, E R -- 5K02 MH0081/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5KO5 MH 18558/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T32NS07062-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):400-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6294833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Reflex ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Tumor-derived growth factor increases bone resorption in a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1983-09-23
    Beschreibung: Evidence is presented that a tumor-derived transforming growth factor is responsible for stimulating bone resorption and causing hypercalcemia in an animal tumor model of the hypercalcemia of malignancy. Both conditioned medium harvested from cultured tumor cells and tumor extracts of the transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor associated with hypercalcemia contained a macromolecular bone resorbing factor with the chemical characteristics of a tumor-derived transforming growth factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ibbotson, K J -- D'Souza, S M -- Ng, K W -- Osborne, C K -- Niall, M -- Martin, T J -- Mundy, G R -- AM-28149/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- CA-29537/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6577602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology ; Leydig Cell Tumor/complications/*physiopathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins/*physiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/complications/physiopathology ; Peptides/*physiology ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Genetically obese mice: resistance to metastasis of B16 melanoma and enhanced T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1983-06-10
    Beschreibung: The metastasis of B16 melanoma cells differed significantly in obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?) female mice of strain C57BL/6J. When the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with melanoma cells at 10 to 11 months of age, the primary tumor grew more slowly in obese than in lean littermates and the frequency of lung metastasis was greatly reduced. When the mice were injected with the cells at 4 to 7 months, the primary tumor grew at the same rate in obese and lean mice, but the obese mice again showed a significantly reduced frequency of lung metastasis. That this effect was related to an enhanced immunocompetence in obese mice was supported by the finding that splenic lymphocytes of ob/ob mice showed three times the proliferative response to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A compared with the proliferative response of lean control mice. The ob/ob mouse may provide a model for the study of enhanced immunocompetence in obese individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, C I -- Kreider, J W -- Black, P L -- Schmidt, T J -- Margules, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Female ; Immunity, Innate ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology ; Male ; Melanoma/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Obese ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like substance: the potential transmitter for cerebral vasodilation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1984-05-25
    Beschreibung: In vitro pharmacological studies demonstrated that exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) relaxes the smooth muscle cells of cat cerebral arteries, whereas substance P constricts them. Ultrastructural-immunocytochemical techniques show that a VIP-like substance is present in the large granular vesicles of nonsympathetic nerve axons and terminals in the cerebral arterial walls. These results provide strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that a VIP-like substance is the transmitter for vasodilation in cerebral blood vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, T J -- Saito, A -- Berezin, I -- BRSG S07RR0543/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HL 27763/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):898-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Arteries/drug effects ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology/*physiology ; *Vasodilation ; Vasomotor System/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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