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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic viscosity in perpendicular media (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4431-4438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The remanent magnetization of fine particle media of perpendicular anisotropy is known to exhibit a time decay of pseudologarithmic form. The viscous properties are to a large extent determined by the magnetostatic particle interaction and the particle size. A mean-field model of a perfectly aligned ensemble of Stoner–Wohlfarth particles is presented that gives a qualitative description of the hysteretic and time-dependent properties of particulate perpendicular media. The time decay of the remanent magnetization of Alumite media after initial magnetic saturation was measured. The decay was found to be logarithmic within the measuring period, and a coefficient of magnetic viscosity was obtained. Although the reversal mechanism for the particles in Alumite media is known to be incoherent, a good qualitative agreement between the theoretical model and the measurements was found by introducing a reduced effective volume acting as a scaling factor that accounts for the discrepancy in reversal mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349127
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remanent magnetic measurements on perpendicular recording materials with compensation for demagnetizing fields (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1353-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Existing techniques for characterization of longitudinal recording media using remanence measurements are extended to perpendicular media, in particular to Alumite, and correction for demagnetizing fields is taken into account. It is found that these techniques have limited value because of the sensitivity of the analysis to the correction factor used. Measurement of the recoil lines is investigated as an alternative method of probing the reversal processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353255
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spin-valve transistor: Fabrication, characterization, and physics (invited) (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7431-7436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An overview is given of the fabrication, basic properties, and physics of the spin-valve transistor. We describe the layout of this three-terminal ferromagnet/semiconductor hybrid device, as well as the operating principle. Fabrication technologies are discussed, including vacuum metal bonding. We characterize properties of the device relevant for possible applications in magneto-electronics, such as relative magnetic response, output current, and noise behavior. Furthermore, we illustrate the unique possibilities of the spin-valve transistor for fundamental studies of the physics of hot-electron spin transport in magnetic thin film structures. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357857
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot-electron transport through Ni80Fe20 in a spin-valve transistor (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7305-7307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hot-electron transport in Ni80Fe20 thin films was studied using a spin-valve transistor. By varying the NiFe thickness from 10 to 100 Å we obtain an attenuation length of 43 Å for majority-spin hot electrons at 0.9 eV above the Fermi level. Based on such relatively long bulk attentuation lengths, one would expect a current transfer ratio that is much larger than the measured value. We propose that the discrepancy can be accounted for by considering interfacial scattering. Increasing the growth quality should thus provide a means to improve the current transfer ratio. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic force microscopy using electron-beam fabricated tips (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3224-3228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We used a new concept of tip preparation for magnetic force microscopy (MFM) proposed recently based on coating electron beam deposited carbon needles with appropriate magnetic thin film materials. In combining the advantages of electron beam fabricated needles with those of already widely used thin film tips, high resolution MFM tips can be prepared routinely and reproducibly on all type of cantilevers. Due to the fabrication procedure, which is described in detail, the effective magnetic tip volume is formed by a homogeneous, magnetically isolated, high aspect ratio thin film element favoring a single domain tip behavior. To reinforce the inherent shape anisotropy an additional uniaxial anisotropy is induced along the tip axis by applying an external field during the deposition of the ferromagnetic alloy. Because of the parallel side walls and the rounded tip end, most of the stray field will emanate from the apex region, resulting in a high field density and only little influence on the magnetization within the sample of interest. By using a material with high saturation magnetization, the thickness of the magnetic layer can be drastically reduced, leading to an increased resolution. To demonstrate the potential of the new concept various MFM observations on different types of materials for magnetic storage technology have been performed without changing the presented basic preparation parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144554
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sputter gas on the physical and magnetic microstructure of Co/Cu multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6243-6245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physical structure of Co/Cu multilayers, sputtered in different gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) together with the domain structures that these films support have been investigated using electron microscopy in an attempt to explain the differences in their measured magnetoresistance (MR). Both planar and cross-sectional analyses were undertaken. Due to only partial antiferromagnetic coupling submicron domain structures were observed by Lorentz microscopy in all multilayers. The complex nature of these domain structures made classification difficult, although small magnetic field application allowed wall motion and nucleation to be observed. All films were polycrystalline in nature, although average grains sizes differed. However, smoother interfaces together with less well defined crystal boundaries were observed in the Kr and Xe sputtered films. This trend did not correlate with giant MR (GMR) measurements as the Xe sputtered films had the lowest GMR value of the three. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362018
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic stray fields of Co-Cr microstrips measured by Lorentz microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3002-3007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic stray fields of Co-Cr microstrips are investigated for bit stabilization in a vertical Bloch line memory (VBLM). The stray fields were revealed using Lorentz force based Foucault and differential phase contrast (DPC) techniques in a transmission electron microscope. The assumed shape of the stray fields for VBLM use has been experimentally verified. Agreement between experiment and simulation is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356166
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic Kerr investigations of CoNi/Pt multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6190-6192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: CoxNi1−x/Pt multilayers with x=0.4 and 0.5 were sputtered onto Si substrates. Magnetic and spectroscopic magneto-optic measurements (1.4–5.2 eV) reveal a Kerr rotation up to −0.48° at about 4.5 eV for a sample with rectangular hysteresis loop, about 170 kA/m coercivity, and a Curie temperature of about 300 °C. Pt layers could be made extremely thin (2.9 A(ring)) without loss of perpendicular anisotropy and rectangular hysteresis loop. Simulations show that the Kerr rotation peak shifts back from 4.5 to 3.9 eV with increasing number of bilayers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362068
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the relationship between magnetic viscosity and coercivity of perpendicular media (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1741-1744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependent and dc-demagnetization measurements were performed on two types of perpendicular thin film media, Co-Cr and Fe-alumite. From these the parameters for magnetic viscosity and irreversible susceptibility were derived. Their ratio, resulting in the fluctuation field, is shown to relate logarithmically to the coercivity. This so-called "Barbier plot for perpendicular media'' is found to exhibit a slope of approximately one and a half instead of one, as is found for in-plane media. The activation volumes were also derived and related logarithmically to the coercivity. Here a slope of approximately minus one and a half was found, instead of minus 0.73 as is found for in-plane media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357689
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization processes in Co–Cr submicron samples: Hall measurements and micromagnetic simulations : 38th Annual Conference On Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5508-5510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization reversal of Co–Cr with perpendicular anisotropy is studied by anomalous Hall effect measurements and by micromagnetic simulations. In a measured hysteresis loop of a 300 nm×300 nm sample (consisting of approximately 40 columns of Co–Cr), discrete jumps are observed, together with a more or less continuous change in magnetization, the latter with both positive and negative sign. The continuous and discrete parts of the hysteresis loop are separated to extract micromagnetic information from the anomalous Hall measurement. The discrete jumps are attributed to parts of columns that switch irreversibly, the continuous magnetization change is attributed to reversible rotation, partly of volumes with in-plane anisotropy. These assumptions are checked by means of a micromagnetic model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355671
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