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  • Articles  (115)
  • Springer  (105)
  • Institute of Physics  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1980-1984  (61)
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  • Articles  (115)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 21 (1982), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: carnitine ; foods ; dietary requirements ; adult ; neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Oxydation der langkettigen Fettsäuren ist carnitinabhängig. So dringen diese Fettsäuren nur an Carnitin gebunden, d. h. als Acylcarnitin, in die Mitochondrien ein, um dort oxydiert zu werden. Der tierische Organismus deckt seinen Bedarf an Carnitin durch exogene Zufuhr und endogene Synthese. Eine fleischreiche Nahrung führt dem Organismus viel Carnitin zu, während Gemüse, Obst und Getreide relativ wenig davon enthalten. Obwohl es sich um ein relativ kleines Molekül handelt, das in geringer Menge in einem lebenswichtigen Stoffwechselsystem wirkt (die Beta-Oxydation), darf Carnitin nicht als Vitamin angesehen werden, sondern vielmehr als eine Nährsubstanz. Es scheint nämlich nicht unbedingt notwendig zu sein, daß die Ernährung dem erwachsenen Menschen Carnitin zuführt. Der gesunde Organismus kann bei einer ausgeglichenen Ernährungsweise (ausreichende Zufuhr von Lysin und Methionin) seinen Bedarf vollständig selbst decken. Dies um so mehr, als eine Senkung der exogenen Zufuhr von Carnitin eine geringere Ausscheidung über den Harn zur Folge hat. Dem in Nahrungsmittel enthaltenen Carnitin kommt jedoch beim Neugeborenen eine größere Bedeutung zu. Der Übergang vom pränatalen zum postnatalen Leben bewirkt eine Erhöhung des Stellenwertes der Lipide bei der Deckung des Energiebedarfs. Diese Veränderung wird von einem Anstieg des Körpergehalts an Carnitin begleitet, das im wesentlichen durch die Muttermilch zugeführt wird. Zum Abschluß gibt dieser Bericht eine knappe Darstellung der Krankheiten, bei denen sich eine ergänzende Zufuhr von Nahrungs-Carnitin als nützlich erweist.
    Notes: Summary The oxidation of long-chain fatty acids is carnitine-dependent. Indeed, only when they are bound to carnitine, in the form of acyl-carnitines, do fatty acids penetrate into the mitochondria to be oxidized. To meet the need for carnitine, animals depend on both endogenous synthesis and an exogenous supply. A diet rich in meat supplies a lot of carnitine, while vegetables, fruits, and grains furnish relatively little. Although it has a low molecular weight and acts at low doses in a vital metabolic pathway, carnitine should not be considered a vitamin, but rather a nutritive substance. Indeed, it seems that the diet of the adult human need not necessarily furnish carnitine: the healthy organism, given a balanced nutrition (sufficiently rich in lysine and methionine), may well be able to meet all its needs. Furthermore, it seems that a reduction of the exogenous supply of carnitine results in a lowering of its elimination in the urine. However, dietary carnitine is more important during the neonatal period. The transition from fetal to extrauterine life is accompanied by an increased role of lipids in meeting energy needs. This change is accompanied by a rise in the body of the levels of carnitine, which is mainly supplied in the maternal milk. Finally, this review briefly surveys the illnesses in which a dietary carnitine supplement proves useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present the measurements of the spin correlation parameterA ookk (np). A longitudinally polarized beam of free neutrons obtained from the break-up of polarized deuterons was scattered on the longitudinally polarized Saclay frozen-spin proton target. Measurements were carried out at SATURNE II, at neutron beam kinetic energies of 0.63, 0.88, 0.98 and 1.08 GeV. The data points cover the angular region from about 40° to 110° CM. The observed angular dependence ofA ookk (np) at 0.63 GeV agree with the phase shift analysis predictions except at small angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 767-768 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 68 (1986), S. 580-584 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of host plant patch size on the abundances of two specialist herbivores (the chrysomelid beetle, Acalymma innubum and the pentatomid bug, Piezosternum subulatum) were investigated in a natural forest community in the Virgin Islands. Abundances were compared early and late in the season in different sized patches of the cucurbit host plant (Cayaponia americana) growing in open habitat (with no surrounding plant community) and forest habitat (with diverse surrounding plant community). For both herbivore species, adult abundances per patch were positively correlated with patch leaf area, but there was a significant patch size effect (i.e., correlation between herbivore density per unit plant and patch leaf area) only for beetles in the forest habitat. Both herbivore species were significantly affected by surrounding plant diversity, but in opposite ways: beetles were more abundant in open patches whereas bugs were more abundant in forest patches. Relationships between abundance and patch size in open and forest patches changed through the season for both herbivore species. These changing abundance patterns are discussed with respect to (1) increases in the diversity of the plant community surrounding host plant patches, and (2) differences in herbivore movement patterns.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive for history of exact sciences 40 (1989), S. 173-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 527-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Fission yeast ; OMPdecase ; Cloning ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary URA4, the gene coding for orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPdecase), has been cloned from the fission yeast by homologous complementation and restricted in an Escherichia coli-Schizosaccharomyces pombe (E. coli-S. pombe) replicative plasmid to a 1.76 kb HindIII fragment. This plasmid is maintained at a high copy number in S. pombe and allows OMPdecase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) as well as in E. coli. After characterisation by restriction mapping and Southern hybridisation, the cloned gene was used as a probe to measure URA4 transcription and to examine its regulation. Messenger RNA levels were measured by DNA/RNA filter-hybridisation with pulse labelled RNAs during 6-azauridine (6-AUR) inhibited growth in wild type and 6-AUR sensitive strains. We found that in S. pombe the OMP analogue 6-AUR does not regulate the level of OMPdecase formation as it does in S. cerevisiae but rather modifies the ratio of total polyA+ to polyA− RNAs in the cell. Based on these results and on corresponding enzyme activities this study demonstrates divergent pyrimidine pathway regulation in the two yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Finally, we propose the use of the URA4 gene as a convenient selective marker for genetic engineering in S. pombe.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Single strand DNA ; Transcription ; fd cloning ; Gene regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The yeast OMP decarboxylase gene has been cloned in the phage fd in both orientations to obtain pure DNA of each strand. With these probes the transcription of each strand of the yeast gene was measured in wild type yeast, either repressed or induced, in a yeast strain transformed by an hybrid plasmid containing the OMPdecase gene, and in E. coli strains bearing the yeast gene cloned in different plasmids. In yeast it appears that in all conditions tested transcription was asymmetrical, 95% being transcribed from one strand. In E. coli, transcription of the yeast gene occurred on both strands.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 35 (1985), S. 323-339 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Abschätzung einer möglichen Klimaänderung als Folge einer Verdopplung der CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre dienen die Ergebnisse von Studien mit drei-dimensionalen Modellen der atmosphärischen Zirkulation. Diese Ergebnisse können nicht als Klimavorhersagen betrachtet werden, da die gegenwärtigen Modelle noch erhebliche Mängel aufweisen. Sie bilden jedoch die Grundlage zur Entwicklung von Klimaszenarien. Klimamodelle sind gegenwärtig die einzigen Hilfsmittel, um die Reaktion des Klimasystems auf eine externe Störung in physikalisch konsistenter Weise und in hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung zu simulieren. Für den Mittelmeerraum werden die Ergebnisse dreier verschiedener Klimamodelle (British Meteorological Office (BMO); Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS); National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)) anhand der regionalen und saisonalen Verteilungen von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Bodenfeuchte vorgestellt. Die durch einen CO2-Anstieg verursachte Änderung der Temperaturverteilung ist bei den drei Modellergebnissen ähnlich. Die räumlichen Mittelwerte liegen zwischen 2,5 und 4,0 K. Der Vergleich der Verteilung hydrologischer Größen ergibt dagegen kein einheitliches Bild. Die den simulierten Klimaänderungen zugrunde liegenden physikalischen Mechanismen werden benannt und die statistische Signifikanz der Klimaänderung wird getestet. Diese Arbeit dient zur Entwicklung einer Methodologie für den Einsatz von Klimamodellszenarien bei der Impaktanalyse.
    Notes: Summary For the estimation of a potential climatic change induced by a doubling of atmospheric CO2 we use the results of three-dimensional general circulation models (GCM). Although the results from present climate modeling cannot be considered as predictions of future climatic conditions due to the inherent models' deficiencies, they can still serve a useful purpose in climate change scenarios. The reason for this is that climate models are the only tools available to study the response of the climate system to a perturbation in a physically consistent manner and that such types of models can provide a consistent data set of high temporal and spatial resolution. For the Mediterranean area, the results obtained from three different GCMs, namely, the British Meteorological Office model (BMO), the Goddard Institute for Space Studies model (GISS), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research model (NCAR) are shown. The regional and seasonal distributions of temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture are used to study the potential changes. The results indicate that the CO2-induced changes for temperature generated by the three models are of similar magnitude. The values of the area mean change range between 2.5 and 4.0 K. The precipitation response results in a diverse pattern. The physical mechanism likely to be responsible for the simulated climatic changes are identified and their statistical significance is tested. This type of work will help us develop the methodology and assist us in gaining insight into the use of climate model scenarios for impact analysis.
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