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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (20)
  • ASTRONOMY  (12)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (6)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • Animals  (4)
  • Astrophysics
  • 1990-1994  (48)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of oligocyclosiloxanes via the hydrosilation of vinylsilanes and vinylsiloxanes with heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 891-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: oligocyclosiloxanes ; hydrosilation ; heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane ; siloxane redistribution ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of oligocyclosiloxanes via hydrosilation reactions has been investigated. Hydrosilation reactions employing heptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and vinyl-containing silanes and siloxanes yielded a variety of oligocyclosiloxanes with various numbers of cyclosiloxane rings connected through tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, or octafunctional junctions. The oligocyclosiloxanes were characterized by gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy, 29Si-, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and vapor phase osmometry. The polycyclics were redistributed with hexamethyldisiloxane and the resulting fragments analyzed by gas chromatography. All results were consistent with the formation of isomeric oligocyclosiloxanes due to a lack of absolute regioselectivity of the hydrosilation reaction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310407
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PBI powder processing to performance parts (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 485-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new route (“direct forming”) was developed for forming dense PBI shapes from PBI powder. The new process affords the possibility of automated PBI powder shaping (“cold compaction”) and densification in batches of multiple parts by a “powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing” process. Direct forming is a more productive alternative to hot compression molding. Two developments enable PBI direct forming: (1) the discovery that PBI powders that are porous and plasticized with moisture can be shaped by compaction at ambient temperatures (cold-compacted), and (2) a finding that cold-compacted shapes can be densified in large batches by a powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing. The porous PBI powder is formed from PBI in solution by a spray-precipitation process. When plasticized with moisture, this powder is cold-compactible to PBI shapes with densities up to 94% of that of ultimate density of PBI. These shapes, which have sufficient strength to be handled, are then further consolidated via powder-assisted hot isostatic pressing to shapes with excellent thermal and mechanical properties and densities of about 99% of the ultimate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The need for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts is widely recognized. This study compared the torsional strength of canine femora 1 year after grafting with one of three forms of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bone grafting material (COLLAGRAFT15), autogenous bone, or no graft. The groups were compared to each other and to the unoperated contralateral femora. Results of torsional testing were evaluated for torsional strength, torsional displacement, total energy to fracture and White fracture mode. Data analysis showed lower torsional strength of the operated vs. unoperated femora with the exception of morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 material, which had higher strength. However, the only difference in the operated groups was that the morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 had greater strength than several groups including the autogenous bone group. There was no difference found in angular displacement between any of the groups. However, there was a difference in the energy to fracture in both strip forms of the COLLAGRAFT15. The final conclusion is that in this model, grafting with COLLAGRAFT15 provided torsional properties at one year postoperatively at least equivalent to autogenous bone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of heat treatments and bead size on the corrosion of porous F75 in saline and serum (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 79-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: An accelerated anodic corrosion method was used to study the effects of heat treatment and bead size on corrosion and metal ion release of porous coated F75 cylinders in saline and serum. Three heat treatments were used: a standard process for F75 implants (HTA), the standard plus an additional hour in air to produce a thin oxide film (HTA′), and a sintering in high vacuum to produce a chromium-depleted surface (HTB). Three bead sizes of similar composition were used, with approximate sizes of 215, 300, and 560 μm. The results demonstrated that HTA′ had the lowest corrosion rate and that of HTB was significantly greater than either HTA or HTA′. The corrosion rates of HTA and HTA′ were significantly greater in serum as compared with saline, whereas that of HTB was not affected by the presence of serum, suggesting an interaction between chromium and serum proteins. Bead size had a minimal effect on the corrosion rate of HTA′. For HTA, the small beads had the highest corrosion rate; the lowest was with the medium-sized beads. Bead size had the most significant effect with HTB, with that of the smaller beads having the higher corrosion rates. The effects of bead size were less consistent in serum, suggesting that protein adsorption may mask some of the surface area effects. It is concluded that the oxide film does reduce corrosion, that proteins do have an influence on the corrosion of F75, and that this method can be a suseful tool for studying the effects of improved heat treatment methods on the corrosion rate of F75 implants.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue response and in vivo degradation of selected polyhydroxyacids: Polylactides (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/VA)The opinions or assertions about specific products identified by brand name contained herein are the private views of the authors (JGD, MKH) and are not to be construed as conveying either an official endorsement or criticism by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or the Food and Drug Administration. (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1135-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The tissue response and in vivo molecular stability of injection-molded polyhydroxyacids - polylactides (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/VA, 5-22% VA content) - were studied. Polymers were implanted subcutaneously in mice and extirpated at 1, 3, and 6 month in order to study tissue response and polymer degradation.All polymers were well tolerated by the tissue. No acute inflammation, abscess formation, or tissue necrosis was observed in tissues adjacent to the implanted materials. Furthermore, no tissue reactivity or cellular mobilization was evident remote from the implant site. Mononuclear macrophages, proliferating fibroblasts, and mature vascularized fibrous capsules were typical of the tissue response. Degradation of the polymers was accompanied by an increase in collagen deposition. For the polylactide series, the inflammatory response after 1 month of implantation was less for materials containing the D-unit in the polymer chain, whereas in the case of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates, the number of inflammatory cells increased with increasing content of the valerate unit in the polymer chain. Between 1-3 months, there was slightly more tissue response to the PHB and PHB/VA polymers than to PLA. This response is attributed to the presence of leachable impurities and a low molecular weight soluble component in the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerates. At 6 months, the extent of tissue reaction was similar for both types of polymers.All polylactides degraded significantly (56-99%) by 6 months. For a poly(L-lactide) series, degradation rate in vivo decreased with increasing initial molecular weight of the injection-molded polymer. Several samples showed pronounced bimodal molecular weight distributions (MWD), which may be due to differences in degradation rate, resulting from variability in distribution of crystalline and amorphous regions within the samples. This may also be the result of two different mechanisms, i.e., nonenzymatic and enzymatic, which are involved in the degradation process, the latter being more extensive at the later stage of partially hydrolyzed polymer. The PHB and PHB/VA polymers degraded less (15-43%) than the polylactides following 6 months of implantation. Generally, the polymer with higher valerate content (19%, 22% degraded most. The decrease in molecular weight was accompanied by a narrowing of the MWD for PHB and copolymers; there was no evidence of a bimodal MWD, possibly indicating that the critical molecular weight that would permit enzyme/polymer interaction had not been reached. Weight loss during implantation ranged from 0-50% for the polylactides, whereas for the PHB polymers weight loss ranged from 0-1.6%. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270904
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved fire safety of composites for naval applications (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study is based on the use of integral, hybrid thermal barrier to protect the core of the composite structure. Thermal barrier treatments evaluated in this study include ceramic fabric, ceramic coating, intumescent coating, hybrid of ceramic and intumescent coating, silicone foam, and phenolic skin. The composite systems evaluated in combination with thermal barrier treatments included glass/vinyl ester, graphite/epoxy, graphite/bismaleimide, and graphite/phenolic. All configurations were tested for flammability characteristics. These included smoke density and combustion gas generation (ASTM E-662), residual flexural strength (ASTM D-790), heat release rate, and ignitability (ASTM E-1354). ASTM E-662 test method covers the determination of specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials. ASTM D-790 test method covers the determination of flexural properties of composite materials in the form of rectangular bars. ASTM E-1354 (cone calorimeter) covers the measurement of the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor, and is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development. Without any fire barrier treatments, all composite systems evaluated in this study failed to meet ignitability and peak heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 75 and 100 kW m-2, respectively. Intumescent coating and a hybrid system consisting of intumescent coating over ceramic coating were the most effective fire barrier treatments for composite systems evaluated in this study. Using either of these treatments, all composite systems met the ignitability requirements of 90 and 60 at 75 and 100 kW m-2, respectively. Except for glass/vinyl ester, all systems also met the peak and average heat release requirements of MIL-STD-2031 (SH) at radiant heat fluxes of 25, 75, and 100 kW m-2, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810160303
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  • 7
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    Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: an emerging infectious disease (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, J M -- Peters, C J -- Cohen, M L -- Mahy, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):850-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bunyaviridae Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/therapy ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Reservoirs ; Hantavirus/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology/therapy ; Peromyscus/*microbiology ; Pulmonary Edema ; Southwestern United States/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: Rasmussen's encephalitis is a progressive childhood disease of unknown cause characterized by severe epilepsy, hemiplegia, dementia, and inflammation of the brain. During efforts to raise antibodies to recombinant glutamate receptors (GluRs), behaviors typical of seizures and histopathologic features mimicking Rasmussen's encephalitis were found in two rabbits immunized with GluR3 protein. A correlation was found between the presence of Rasmussen's encephalitis and serum antibodies to GluR3 detected by protein immunoblot analysis and by immunoreactivity to transfected cells expressing GluR3. Repeated plasma exchanges in one seriously ill child transiently reduced serum titers of GluR3 antibodies, decreased seizure frequency, and improved neurologic function. Thus, GluR3 is an autoantigen in Rasmussen's encephalitis, and an autoimmune process may underlie this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, S W -- Andrews, P I -- Gahring, L C -- Whisenand, T -- Cauley, K -- Crain, B -- Hughes, T E -- Heinemann, S F -- McNamara, J O -- NS17771/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28709/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30990R29/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):648-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salt Lake City Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, UT.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoantibodies/blood/*immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis/complications/*immunology/pathology/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma Exchange ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Glutamate/*immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Seizures/etiology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Fatty acylation of two internal lysine residues required for the toxic activity of Escherichia coli hemolysin (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: Hemolysin of Escherichia coli is activated by fatty acylation of the protoxin, directed by the putative acyl transferase HlyC and by acyl carrier protein (ACP). Mass spectrometry and Edman degradation of proteolytic products from mature toxin activated in vitro with tritium-labeled acylACP revealed two fatty-acylated internal lysine residues, lysine 564 and lysine 690. Resistance of the acylation to chemical treatments suggested that fatty acid was amide linked. Substitution of the two lysines confirmed that they were the only sites of acylation and showed that although each was acylated in the absence of the other, both sites were required for in vivo toxin activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanley, P -- Packman, L C -- Koronakis, V -- Hughes, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1992-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7801126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyl Carrier Protein/metabolism ; Acylation ; Acyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/metabolism/*toxicity ; *Escherichia coli ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Hemolysin Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/*toxicity ; Hemolysis ; Horses ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-14
    Description: Inbreeding is known to lead to decreased survival and reproduction in captive populations of animals. It is also important to know whether inbreeding has deleterious effects in natural habitats. An estimate was made of the effects of inbreeding in white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, derived from a wild population. This study demonstrates that inbreeding had a significant detrimental effect on the survivorship of mice reintroduced into a natural habitat. This effect was more severe than the effect observed in laboratory studies of the population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jimenez, J A -- Hughes, K A -- Alaks, G -- Graham, L -- Lacy, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago 60680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; *Inbreeding ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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