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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (63)
  • Cell Press  (6)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2)
  • EMBO Press  (2)
  • 1990-1994  (73)
Collection
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ring Enlargement of 1,2-Thiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-dioxides and 3-Amino-2H-azirines to 4H-1,2,5-Thiadiazocin-6-one-1,1-dioxidesReaction of 3-amino-2H-azirines 2 with the 1,1-dioxides 4 and 7 of 1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-ones and 1,2-thiazoli-din-3-ones, respectively, in i-PrOH at room temperature leads to 4H-1,2,5-thiadiazocin-6(5H)-one-1,1-dioxides 5 (Scheme 2, Table) and the corresponding 7,8-dihydro derivatives 8 (Scheme 4), respectively. The structure of some of the new 8-membered heterocycles as well as the structure of the minor by-product 6 (Scheme 3) have been established by X-ray crystallography (Chapt. 4). The proposed reaction mechanism for the ring expansion to 5 and 8 (Scheme 2) is in accordance with previously published results of reactions of 2 and NH-acidic heterocycles and is further supported by the results of the reaction of 4a and the (1-15N)-labelled aminoazirine 2a*.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidation of 1,2-Thiazoles; A Convenient Approach to 1,2-Thiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-DioxidesThe 1,2-thiazoles obtained from 3-chloroalk-2-enals and ammonium thiocyanate (7 → 9, Scheme 1) are easily transformed to 1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxidcs 10 on treatment with H2O2 in AcOH at 80°. Hydrogenation of 10 in AcOH yields the corresponding saturated 1,2-thiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxides 16 (Scheme 3). Cycloalka[c]-1,2-thiazoles 18 are prepared from 2-[(thiocyanato)methyliden]cycloalkan-1-ones and ammonia (Scheme 4). Surprisingly, oxidation of 18a with H2O2 in AcOH yields the tricyclic oxaziridine 19.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: C—C Bond cleavage, kinetics of ; Heat of formation ; Radicals, stability of ; Capto-dative effect ; Geminal substituents, energetic interaction of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent Effects on the Strength of C—C Bonds, 13[1]. - Kinetic and Thermodynamic Stability of α1-alkylated α1-Amino Acid Esters - Energy of Stabilization of α1-Amino-α1-(ethoxycarbonyl)alkyl RadicalsThermolytic cleavage of 1a-c and 2a-c into radicals in solution are clean first-order processes. The activation parameters for C—C bond homolysis were determined. Compared with the corresponding data for hydrocarbons of equal strain a decrease of bond strength of 14.4 kcal/mol results by the combined interaction of the amino and the ethoxycarbonyl substituents. The heat of formation of 5 was determined by combustion calorimetry [δHco (1)=- 1207.75 ± 0.20 kcal/mol] combined with the heat of vaporization (δHvo=13.31 ± 0.10 kcal/mol). Compared with the additive behaviour of group increments the resulting heat of formation (δHfo (g)=- 112.02 ± 0.24 kcal/mol] suggests a synergetic, geminal destabilization of Hsyn=1.9 ± 1.4 kcal/mol. Combination of the kinetic data of bond homolysis of 1a-c and 2a-c with the synergetic ground-state destabilization leads to a synergetic, capto-dative radical stabilization of Hsyn (rad)=6.7 kcal/mol.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 24 (1990), S. 117-130 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Charakteristisch für die “neuartigen Waldschäden” ist, daß sie auf großer Fläche und an mehreren Baumarten auftreten. Es handelt sich bei ihnen um eine Vielzahl von Symptomen, die im Einzelfall keinesfalls neu zu sein brauchen. Der folgende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Situation im Fichtelgebirge, wo Wissenschaftler aus sieben bayerischen Universitäten versucht haben, auf den gleichen Versuchsflächen die verschiedenen Hypothesen der Schadensursachen vergleichend zu untersuchen.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 2087-2094 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis of five-membered cyclic ketenacetals was investigated. It was shown that 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes have various properties of polymerization in dependence on the substituents in 4- and 5-position. While 4-methylene-3,5-dioxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (1) polymerizes without ring opening to high-molecular-weight polyacetals, which are insoluble in common solvents, 4-methylene-8,9:10,11-dibenzo-3,5-dioxatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undeca-8,10-diene (2) yields oligomers (number-average molecular weight M̄n (vapour pressure osmometry) = 900-1500) with ring-opened and non-ring-opend units.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1001-1006 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: subtilisin ; enzymes ; inactivation ; stabilization ; organic solvents ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability of the serine proteases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (subtillisin BPN') and Bacillus licheniformis (subtilisin Carlsberg) was investigated in various anhydrous solvents at 45°C. The half-life of subtilisin BPN' in dimethyl-formamide dramatically depends on the pH of the aqueous solutions from which the enzyme was lyophilized, increasing from 48 min to 20 h when the pH is raised from 6.0 to 7.9. Both subtilisins exhibited substantial inactivation during multihour incubations in tert-amyl alcohol and acetonitrile when enzymatic activities were also measured in these solvents; however, when the enzymes were assayed in water instead, hardly any loss of activity was detected. This surprising difference appears to stem from the partitioning of the bound water essential for catalytic activity from the enzymes into the solvents. When assayed in organic solvents, this time-dependent stripping of water results in decay of enzymatic activity; however, when assayed in water, where the dehydrated subtilisins can undergo rehydration thereby recovering catalytic activity, little inactivation is observed. In agreement with this hypothesis, the addition of small quantities of water tert-amyl alcohol stabilized the subtilisins in it even when enzymatic activity was measured in the nonaqueous solvent. Ester substrates (vinyl butyrate and trichloroethyl butyrate) greatly enhanced the stability of both subtilisins in organic solvents possibly because of the formation of the acyl-enzymes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 267-271 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The interface Behavior of Sic and its Application to Fiber Reinforced AluminiumSiC barrier layers on carbon fibers can be deposited by thermal decomposition of methyl trichlorosilane. The influence of the CVD parameters on their structure and composition is presented by the results of surface-analytical and electronmicroscopical investigations. During the preparation of fiber reinforced Al chemical reactions and segregation effects result in the formation of undesirabled phases at the interface between matrix and fiber. The stability of the barrier layer is negativly influenced by it.
    Notes: SiC-Barriereschichten auf Kohlenstoffasern lassen sich durch thermische Zersetzung von Methyltrichlorsilan abscheiden. Der Einfluß der CVD-Parameter auf deren Struktur und Zusammensetzung wird anhand der Ergebnisse von oberflächenanalytischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen dargestellt. Bei der Herstellung von faserverstärktem Al kommt es infolge von chemischen Reaktionen und Segregationen zur Bildung von unerwünschten Phasen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Matrix und Faser. die die Stabilität der Barriereschichten negativ beeinflussen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 24 (1993), S. 258-267 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermal relaxation of shot-peening-induced residual stress in quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4Thermal relaxation of shot-peening-induced macro and micro residual stress in a quenched and tempered state of the 42 CrMo 4 steel is investigated with X-rays and is described by the Avrami-approach. The parameters of this relationship can now be determined more exactly using a new, iterative method. By means of the parameters determined, the relaxation of macro and micro residual stress is evaluated and compared. The influence of annealing time and temperature on the dependence of macro residual stress on distance to surface is modelled using the Avrami-approach. The transient relaxation of macro residual stress during heating up to the temperature required can be determined by applying the stress-transient-method which will be presented here. It turns out that not the elapsed heating time but rather the relaxation of residual stress during heating up determines the further relaxation of residual stress.
    Notes: Der thermische Abbau von kugelstrahlbedingten Makro- und Mikro-Eigenspannungen wird bei einem Vergütungszustand des Stahls 42 CrMo 4 röntgenographisch untersucht und mit Hilfe des Avrami-Ansatzes beschrieben. Die Kenngrößen dieses Ansatzes lassen sich mit einem neuen, iterativen Auswerteverfahren zuverlässiger als bisher bestimmen. Anhand dieser Kenngrößen wird der Abbau der an der Oberfläche vorliegenden Makro- und Mikro-Eigenspannungen vergleichend bewertet. Die Modellierung des Einflusses von Glühzeit und -temperatur auf die Tiefenverläufe der Makro-Eigenspannungen ist ebenfalls mit dem Avrami-Ansatz möglich. Der transiente Abbau der Makro-Eigenspannungen kann unter Verwendung der hier vorgestellten Spannungs-Transienten-Methode beschrieben werden. Dabei zeigt sich, daß nicht die seit Aufheizbeginn vergangene Zeit, sondern der seitdem erzielte Eigenspannungsabbau maßgeblich für den weiteren Eigenspannungsabbau ist.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 25 (1994), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The metal forming process is one of the complicates mechanical deformation process. Up to this time, the investigations are mainly directed to the macroscopically point of view. Metal forming models are based on continuum mechanical methods.In opposite to the continuum mechanical deformation theory is the physics of metals.It is the aim of the paper, to discuss the developed technical supposition for using the micro-visioplasticity, an new method of micro-grid application and results of micro-grid deformation using an upsetting press.
    Notes: Der Umformprozeß gehört zu den kompliziertesten Verformungsvorgängen. Bis heute wurden die meisten Untersuchungen mit makroskopischen Theorien durchgeführt. Viele der Umformtheorien basieren auf der Kontinuumsmechanik. Demgegenüber sind mikroskopisch betrachtet jedoch auch metallphysikalische Prozesse interessant.In der Arbeit werden deshalb eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung von Versuchen - die Mikrovisioplastizität nutzend - die Grundlagen und Methoden zur Herstellung von Mikrorastern sowie erste Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 488-491 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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