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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1,049)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (894)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1990-1994  (1,093)
  • 1975-1979  (1,092)
Collection
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Getting water from the water of hydration on Mars (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Both Viking landers found evidence of water in small concentration in the soils of Mars. Using the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer the soil samples on Mars were heated to 500 C to release the water. This result lead researchers to believe that the water in the soil of Mars was tightly bound in a hydration state. In the laboratory several Mars analog soils and a few bench mark soils were run through a microwave to determine the amount of water released using this method. The results suggest that sufficient water can be obtained using this method to augment the activities of a human base on Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Arizona Univ., Resources of Near-Earth Space: Abstracts; p 30
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Collecting, analyzing and archiving of ground based infrared solar spectra obtained from several locations (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The infrared solar spectrum as observed from the ground under high resolution contains thousands of absorption lines. The majority of these lines are due to compounds that are present in the Earth's atmosphere. Ground based infrared solar spectra contain information concerning the composition of the atmosphere at the time the spectra were obtained. The objective of this program is to record solar spectra from various ground locations, and to analyze and archive these spectra. The analysis consists of determining, for as many of the absorption lines as possible, the molecular species responsible for the absorption, and to verify that current models of infrared transmission match the observed spectra. Archiving is an important part of the program, since a number of the features in the spectra have not been identified. At some later time, when the features are identified, it will be possible to determine the amount of that compound that was present in the atmosphere at the time the spectrum was taken.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington, NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program: Research Summaries 1988-1989; p 45-46
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  • 3
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    Satellite studies of the stratospheric aerosol (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The potential climatological and environmental importance of the stratospheric aerosol layer has prompted interest in measuring the properties of this aerosol. This paper reports on two recently deployed NASA satellite systems (SAM II and SAGE) that are monitoring the stratospheric aerosol. The satellite orbits obtain nearly global coverage. The instruments mounted in the spacecraft are sun photometers that measure solar intensity at specific wavelengths as it is moderated by atmospheric particulates and gases during each sunrise and sunset encountered by the satellites. Latitudinal, longitudinal, and temporal variations in the aerosol layer are evaluated. The satellite systems are being validated by a series of ground truth experiments using airborne and ground lidar, balloon-borne dustsondes, aircraft-mounted impactors, and other correlative sensors. The SAM II and SAGE satellite systems, instrument characteristics, and mode of operation are described; the methodology of the experiments is outlined; and the ground truth experiments are discussed. Preliminary results from these measurements are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 60
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Sources of variation in nitrous oxide flux from Amazonian ecosystems (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nitrous oxide flux and soil nutrient characteristics were measured in three undisturbed tropical ecosystem types, in cleared and burned areas, and in areas of forest converted to pasture near Manaus, Brazil. Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and soil nitrogen pools were high in upland forests on clay soils (terra firme) and low in the sand-type and floodplain (varzea) soils. Nitrous oxide flux followed the same pattern, with an average flux of 1.9 ng/sq cm per hr in terra firme, 0.3 in sand types, and 0.1 in varzea. Flux from recently cleared and burned areas did not differ from terra firme forest, but pastures had significantly elevated fluxes (10.3 ng/sq cm per hr). These data were combined with satellite data-based areal estimates of land cover classes to estimate total N2O-N flux from the intensive study area used by the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment. Total N2O-N flux from the area was 22.9 kg/h; pastures covered 11 percent of the area but accounted for over 40 percent of the flux.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16789-16
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Comparison of ozone profiles from ground-based lidar, electrochemical concentration cell balloon sonde, ROCOZ-A rocket ozonesonde, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment satellite measurements (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A series of coordinated atmospheric ozone profile measurements was made during October and November 1988. Only SAGE II measurements made within 1000 km of both of the ground, sites were considered for this intercomparison study. It was found that, at least for the time of year of the study, SAGE II measurements agreed only when they were made much closer than 1000 km (less than 500 km) from the other sites, and this is explained in terms of the large latitudinal gradient observed in the ozone concentration profile. Agreement to 5 percent was seen between the instruments, over the altitude range from 20 to 50 km, when the measurements were made close together in both time and space.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10037-10
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  • 6
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    Advanced development of atmospheric models (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A set of atmospheric analysis and prediction models was developed in support of the SEASAT Program existing objective analysis models which utilize a 125x125 polar stereographic grid of the Northern Hemisphere, which were modified in order to incorporate and assess the impact of (real or simulated) satellite data in the analysis of a two-day meteorological scenario in January 1979. Program/procedural changes included: (1) a provision to utilize winds in the sea level pressure and multi-level height analyses (1000-100 MBS); (2) The capability to perform a pre-analysis at two control levels (1000 MBS and 250 MBS); (3) a greater degree of wind- and mass-field coupling, especially at these controls levels; (4) an improved facility to bogus the analyses based on results of the preanalysis; and (5) a provision to utilize (SIRS) satellite thickness values and cloud motion vectors in the multi-level height analysis.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-166630
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Geochemical and mineralogical interpretation of the Viking inorganic chemical results (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The current status of geochemical, mineralogical, petrological interpretation of refined Viking Lander data is reviewed, and inferences that can be drawn from data on the composition of Martian surface materials are presented. The materials are dominantly fine silicate particles admixed with, or including, iron oxide particles. Both major element and trace element abundances in all samples are indicative of mafic source rocks (rather than more highly differentiated salic materials). The surface fines are nearly identical in composition at the two widely separated Lander sites, except for some lithologic diversity at the 100-m scale. This implies that some agency (presumably aeolian processes) has thoroughly homogenized them on a planetary scale. The most plausible model for the mineralogical constitution of the fine-grained surface materials at the two Lander sites is a fine-grained mixture dominated by iron-rich smectites, or their degradation products, with ferric oxides, probably including maghemite and carbonates (such as calcite), but not such less stable phases as magnesite or siderite.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    SAM-2 ground-truth plan: Correlative measurements for the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement-2 (SAM 2) sensor on the Nimbus G satellite (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The SAM-2 will fly aboard the Nimbus-G satellite for launch in the fall of 1978 and measure stratospheric vertical profiles of aerosol extinction in high latitude bands. The plan gives details of the location and times for the simultaneous satellite/correlative measurements for the nominal launch time, the rationale and choice of the correlative sensors, their characteristics and expected accuracies, and the conversion of their data to extinction profiles. The SAM-2 expected instrument performance and data inversion results are presented. Various atmospheric models representative of polar stratospheric aerosols are used in the SAM-2 and correlative sensor analyses.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-78747
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Jupiter's magnetic field, magnetosphere, and interaction with the solar wind - Pioneer 11 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the magnetic field vector were obtained continuously throughout the encounter of the spacecraft with the planet Jupiter. Effects of Jupiter on the solar wind are considered along with the characteristics of the magnetopause at both low and intermediate latitudes, the three basic regions within the magnetosphere, and a spherical harmonic analysis of the Pioneer 11 measurements. The spherical harmonic representation has been used to derive contours of the magnetic field strength at the surface of Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 188; May 2
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  • 10
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    The rotation period, direction of the north pole, and geodetic control network of Venus (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Three related activities that use Magellan data to derive improved estimates of the rotation period and direction of the spin axis of Venus are discussed. These are the computation of the Magellan geodetic control network, the use of measurement landmarks identified in overlapping image strips to improve the spacecraft ephemeris, and the use of common points identified on both the Venera 15/16 and the Magellan images. Since seven years separate the acquisition of the Magellan and Venera images, it should be possible to compute an accurate rotation period and possibly the spin vector of Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; E8 A; 13
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