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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2525-2528 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this ECR ion source, the possibility of maintaining the plasma by slow wave structures (SWS), helical coil, and slotted line antennas, in the region where wce, wpe (very-much-greater-than) wrf (wce, wpe, and wrf are electron cyclotron, plasma, and microwave frequencies, respectively) is exploited. The plasma parameters, plasma density, and electron temperature are maximized by coupling microwave (frequency: 2.45 GHz; power: 650 W) at two places in a magnetic mirror machine (mirror ratio Rm (approximately-equal-to) 1.45) to obtain higher beam current. Initially, the plasma is produced by coupling microwave to SWS at the mirror throat. The microwave is coupled by exciting the dominant slow wave field component of SWS, using an E-plane horn antenna. Then the plasma is brought to the region wce, wpe (very-much-greater-than) wrf at the mirror throat by increasing the magnetic field. Simultaneously, the ECR region is shifted from mirror throat to the center where second microwave coupling is done at the resonant region using another horn antenna. The characterization of plasma parameters are presented for both helical coil and slotted line antennas. Enhancement of plasma parameters are observed in the present scheme. Also, the SLA is found to produce better plasmas (ne ∼ 7 × 1012 cm−3 and Te ∼ 12 eV) than the helical coil and hence the SLA is chosen for the ion beam characterization. The extracted ion beam current density in the present scheme is ∼25 mA/cm2 at 2-kV extraction voltage.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1939-1944 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a new method of exciting slow wave structures (SWS) for obtaining high-density electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. The electric field component corresponding to the slow wave mode (SWM) of SWS is excited by an E-plane horn antenna. The special features of the microwave transmission line are the stable tuning for a given antenna and no requirement for water cooling on any of the components. Two types of SWS, a helical coil and a slotted line antenna, are studied, and the experiments are carried out in nitrogen and argon. The plasma producing capability is examined for these systems in the region wce,wpe(approximately-greater-than)wrf, where wce, wpe, and wrf correspond to electron cyclotron, plasma, and microwave frequencies, respectively. A high-density, large-diameter plasma (n0∼5×1011 cm−3; diameter ∼8.0 cm) could be obtained and the plasma could be maintained in the region 1≤wce/wrf≤2.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 48 (1987), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 150 (1994), S. 49-59 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the time-dependent behaviour of the Hei 10830 Å line. These studies show that (i) the fluctuations of the line width are uncorrelated with the equivalent-width fluctuations and (ii) the autocorrelation curves for the equivalent-width fluctuations are broader than those for line-width fluctuations. These results could be interpreted as the signatures of the eruption of density inhomogeneities, like spicules, into the altitudes of formation of the Hei 10830 Å line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation science 10 (1989), S. 253-263 
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A numerical model is developed to solve kinematic wave equations of border irrigation. This model accommodates transient infiltration, which may be defined by any of the well known infiltration models. Test runs, performed using different incremental values of time and space, were found to give results within 5% of one another, thus showing the stability of the numerical model. The conservation of volume of water was satisfied within 1% error at different values of time and space. Three sample data sets from field experiments were used to analyze the numerical model.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 71 (1985), S. 325-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The iron storage ferritin light-chain gene exhibits multiple restriction enzyme fragments which have been mapped by analyzing sorted human chromosomes. A dual laser chromosome sorter was used to construct spot-blot filter panels representing 22 chromosome fractions. Hybridization of radiolabeled human ferritin-L gene probe to spot-blot panels revealed the ferritin-L gene on more than one chromosome. Miniaturized restriction enzyme analysis was used to map each of the ferritin-L restriction fragments uniquely to one of three chromosomes. This combination of sorted chromosome analyses provides a rapid method to map homologous DNA sequences located on more than one chromosome.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Colonizing species ; Ecological genetics ; Gynodioccy ; Sex ratio ; Trifolium hirtum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Male sterility has been recently discovered in Californian populations of rose clover (Trifolium hirtum). This study describes the frequency distribution of male sterility in Turkish and Californian populations, and compares fitness components of hermaphrodites and females. As male-steriles were found in Turkey, it is likely that they were introduced to California during the 1940's with the original material derived from Turkey. The spread of male-sterile genotypes in California has given rise to an asymmetrical frequency distribution of male sterility with positive skewness. The frequency of females has not exceeded fifty percent and it appears to be temporally stable in most of the Californian populations. The hypothesis that female frequencies and fitness differences between phenotypes are correlated was tested by comparing sex phenotypes in seven populations with contrasting levels of male sterility. The analysis of those populations showed no evidence for such a correlation as no significant differences were found between sex phenotypes for fecundity and seed germination. The hypothesis that females are maintained due to fitness differences in the progeny of hermaphrodites and females was experimentally tested in the population with maximum frequency of male-steriles. The results showed no significant differences in the demographic performance of the progenies of hermaphrodites and females. The present results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of maintenance of gynodioecy in rose clover.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 292-299 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Breeding system ; Population subdivision ; Multilocus estimator ; Inbreeding ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The breeding systems of seven Limanthes (Limanthaceae) populations, including one “inbreeding” and three “outbreeding” taxa, were quantified using a multilocus outcrossing rate estimator (tm) and autofertility estimates. Along with the assays of heterozygosity levels, these data were used to separate components of “effective” outcrossing in terms of Wright's equilibrium inbreeding coefficient (Fe) and adult (FA) and zygotic (FZ) fixation indices. The patchy distribution of alleles as a potential source of “substructure inbreeding” was tested from the allelic frequencies mapped along a linear transect. Evidence for consanguineous matings in restricted neighborhoods and for selection at two different life cycle stages, and the efficiency of the protandrous breeding system were noted and discussed. Multilocus estimates of outcrossing are useful for their greater precision and unbiased nature while single locus estimates can help in detecting the effects of selection and population substructure. The data generally support the “heterozygosity paradox” noted by Brown (1979) but further suggest that the paradox may often result from a lack of precision of outcrossing estimates and from overlooking the stages of the life cycle being sampled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gynodioecy ; Colonizing species ; Mating system ; Isozymes ; Population structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A multilocus procedure was used to estimate outcrossing rates in ten roadside populations of Trifolium hirtum in California. Three groups of populations were studied: cultivars, hermaphroditic, and gynodioecious (sexually dimorphic) populations. The multilocus outcrossing rate (tm) varied from 0.05 to 0.43 among populations. Population level tm estimates were significantly correlated with the observed heterozygosity in gynodioecious populations but not in hermaphroditic populations. The outcrossing rate of hermaphrodites and females was estimated in three gynodioecious populations; the estimates of tm varied from 0.09 to 0.23 for hermaphrodites and from 0.73 to 0.80 for females. The distribution of outcrossing rates in gynodioecious populations is bimodal. Our results indicate that for the levels of selfing observed among hermaphrodites, inbreeding depression is likely to be a major factor in the maintenance of females in gynodioecious populations.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Pre-column derivatisation ; Morpholine and degradation products ; Boiler feed water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Morpholine and its amine-type thermal degradation products present in boiler feed water and steam condensate were derivatised with N-succinimidyl-p-nitrophenylacetate. These pre-column derivatives were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 280 nm. The analytical column was Supelco-sil-ODS with an isocratic mobile phase. Morpholine and its breakdown products were monitored in the range 0.01–10 μg ml−1 with a relative standard deviation of 0.4–3.0%. Chromatographic analysis of boiler feed water and steam condensate samples collected from a boiler servicing a petroleum refinery is described.
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