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  • Tortricidae  (5)
  • Curculionidae  (4)
  • Behavior  (3)
  • Springer  (12)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
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  • Springer  (12)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley
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Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; Cydia caryana ; sex pheromone ; electroantennogram ; flight tunnel ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses olfactives antennaires de Cydia caryana, mesurées par électroantennogrammes (EAG), aux alcools et acétates à carbones monounsaturés en positions 12 et 14, ont montré que le système conjugué de double liaison, (E)-8-, (E)-10- du dodecadien-1-ol acétate constitue un composé chimique strutural critique de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana. De plus, les acétates: (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol,(Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol, et le (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol, se sont révélés en AEG comme des composés secondaires de la phéromone. L'étude par AEG de la relation dose-réponse a conduit à l'hypothèse de deux catégories de populations de récepteurs de phéromones. L'analyse comportementale des résponses des papillons mâles dans le tunnel de vol aux composés qui ont provoqués les plus forts AEG, on fait estimer que les acétates (E,E)-8,10-dodécadien-1-ol et (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol ressemblent (ou sont) les constituants de la phéromone sexuelle de C. caryana; tandis que les (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol et (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol sont, soit des paraphéromones, soit des constituants mineurs de la phéromone. La signification biologique du (Z)-12-tétradécen-1-ol a été difficile à interprêter avec les expériences en tunnel de vol.
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) measurement of male Cydia caryana moth antennal olfactory response to monounsaturated 12 and 14 carbon alcohols and acetates indicated that the (E)-8-, (E)-10- conjugated double bond system of a dodecadien-1-ol acetate is a critical chemical structural component of the C. caryana sex pheromone. Additionally, EAG measurements implicated (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol as potential minor pheromonal components. An EAG dosage-response study suggested that there were at least two heterologous populations of pheromone acceptors. Behavioral analysis of male moth response in a flight tunnel to compounds which evoked the stronger EAG responses suggested that (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate resemble or are C. caryana sex pheromonal components, while (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate and (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol acetate are either parapheromones or are minor pheromone components. Behavioral significance of (Z)-12-tetradecen-1-ol was difficult to interpret in the flight tunnel.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Buoyancy ; Orientation ; Resting ; Swimming ; Yolksac larvae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The behavioral capability of walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma free embryos and larvae to control vertical distribution was assessed by examining buoyancy during resting and swimming orientation and activity as they developed in complete darkness from hatching to first feeding readiness (1 to 7 d post hatching at 6° C). Free embryos exhibited positive geotaxis 1 d post hatching, actively swimming through a density gradient to remain in the lower water column. Activity increased with free embryo development and by 7 d post hatching, feeding-ready larvae reversed their vertical orientation, now exhibiting negative geotaxis as they migrated to the upper water column. The results indicate that even at the earliest developmental stages, walleye pollock possess the capability to control vertical distribution. Laboratory results are compared with patterns of vertical distribution observed in the sea.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; Cydia caryana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; dodecanol acetate ; (E, E)-8 ; 10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate ; (E, Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of the sex pheromone glands of femaleCydia caryana were evaluated by electroantennography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These studies suggested the following compounds were potential sex pheromone components: (Z)-8- and/or (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (50 pg/female), dodecyl acetate (40 pg/female), and (E, E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate (25 pg/female). In field tests only the diene produced trap catch, and when the other components were added to the diene, trap catch was not increased. When the diene was formulated in red natural rubber septa, only transient and low catches were obtained, but when gray halobutyl isoprene elastomeric septa were used, high and consistent catches were obtained for eight weeks. Catches depended on the ratio of (E, E)-8,10 to (E, Z)-8,10 isomers. High catches were obtained for anEE toEZ ratio of 100 ∶ 0.6, and insignificant catches were obtained when the ratio was 100 ∶ 3. Equivalent catches were obtained for dosages of 50, 100, and 200 μg/septum.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Codling moth ; Cydia pomonella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; communication disruption ; mating disruption ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol ; dodecan-1-ol ; tetradecan-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a small section of an apple orchard, six traps were placed each in control and test areas and baited with live virgin female codling moths. Gray elastomer septa were used to dispense communication disruptants around the traps. Dyed male codling moths were released in control and test areas, and the numbers of males captured in control and test traps were compared. In 1991, linear regression curves of percent communication disruption versus logarithm of dose were obtained for three compositions: (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, codlemone (1); codlemone + dodecan-1-ol + tetradecan-1-ol (2); and an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (30, (61%EE, 14%ZE, 20%EZ, and 5%ZZ). All three regressions gaver 2 values greater than 0.90. At the 95% confidence limits, slopes and intercepts of compositions 1 and 2 were equivalent, and different from that of composition 3, which produced the greatest percentages of disruption at all doses. In 1992, five treatments were compared at a single dose: 1, 3, none (4), (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (5), (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (6). Compositions 5 and 6 gave the greatest and similar percentages of disruption and were different from codlemone (1) and 4 (95% confidence), but not from composition 3. Communication disruption produced by composition 3 was greater than (codlemone), which was greater than 4.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Rhynchophorus cruentatus ; palmetto weevil ; S. palmetto ; aggregation pheromone ; 5-methyl-4-octanol ; cruentol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 5-Methyl-4-octanol is the major aggregation pheromone of the palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). The pheromone (cruentol) was identified by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC-EAD) analysis of male-produced volatiles, coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) in electron impact and chemical ionization mode, and coupled GC-high resolution MS. In laboratory and field assays, a diastereomeric mixture of synthetic cruentol greatly enhanced attraction of weevils to cabbage palmetto,Sabal palmetto (Walter), stem tissue, indicating that cruentol and host volatiles are synergistically attractive. An attractive lure in combination with efficient traps should facilitate development of semiochemical-based management forR. cruentatus.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Rhynchophorus cruentatus ; Sabalpalmetto ; aggregation pheromone ; olfactometer ; field trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field assays were conducted to determine if palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.), adults produce an aggregation pheromone. Attraction of females in a Y-tube olfactometer to conspecific males was greater than to clean air. Male and female attraction to conspecific male volatiles combined with host-palm,Sabal palmetto (Walter), volatiles was greater than to host-palm volatiles alone. Similarly, more weevils were caught in the field in traps baited with conspecific males plus host-palm tissue than in similar traps baited with only males, or palm tissue, or females, or females plus palm tissue. These results suggest thatR. cruentatus males produce an aggregation pheromone(s) that is highly attractive to conspecific adults of both sexes when combined with host-palm volatiles. This study is an important step towards understanding the chemical ecology ofR. cruentatus.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 34 (1992), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Chum salmon ; Growth variation ; Oncorhynchus keta ; Sensory input ; Visual contact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis This study tested the hypothesis that visual contact between fish may result in enhanced rates of growth in a schooling fish. Juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, were held singly and reared in isolation or in visual contact with conspecifics. Fish were fed at either a low (6% body weight d−1) or high (20% body weight d−1) ration for 42d. Specific rates of weight gain were 18% greater at low ration and 38% greater at high ration for fish in visual contract with conspecifics than for those held in isolation. The results demonstrate a selective advantage of visual cues associated with schooling behavior and suggest that the efficacy of growth models for schooling fishes may be enhanced by the consideration of social interactions which may facilitate growth.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 35 (1992), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Behavior ; Bioassay ; Light ; Starvation ; Swimming ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The capability of unfed walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, larvae to swim horizontally towards light was used as a sensitive, sublethal measure of larval condition. At 9°C, positive phototaxis and swimming ability of larvae was fully developed by 4–6 d after hatching, then decreased steadily until death by 12 d after hatching. This measure of larval condition corresponded closely with previously established benchmarks of larval condition, including first feeding, yolksac absorption, point of no return and death by starvation. The presence and timing of behavioral deficits associated with starvation, such as decreased ability to swim, feed and avoid predators, may have significant effects on the ability of larvae to vertically migrate, avoid predators and find and capture food.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1235-1242 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rhopobota naevana (Hübner) ; Rhopobota unipunctana Haworth ; Rhopobota naevana naevana (Hübner) ; blackheaded fireworm ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Olethreutinae ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of maleRhopobota naevana (Hübner), the blackheaded fireworm, to all of the monoene straightchain 12- and 14-carbon alcohols and acetates implicated (Z)-11-tetradecenl-1-ol (Z11–14∶OH) and its acetate (Z11–14∶Ac) as sex pheromone components.Z11–14∶Ac produced the strongest EAG response of all compounds tested. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of extract of female sex pheromone glands (SPG) confirmed the presence ofZ11–14∶OH (125 pg/female) andZ11–14∶Ac (600 pg/female) (all other monoenes had different retention times). In field tests, traps baited withZ11–14∶OH alone captured males, but traps baited withZ11–14∶Ac alone did not. Traps baited with a combination ofZ11–14∶OH andZ11–14∶Ac in various ratios did not produce better trap catches thanZ11–14∶OH alone. (Z)-9-Dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–12∶Ac), reported by others to be a field attractant, did not produce trap catch in our tests, but in combination withZ11–14∶ OH (98∶2 in septa corresponding to 95:5 in vapor,Z11–14∶OH toZ9–12∶AC) produced a sevenfold increase in catch overZ11–14∶OH alone. IfZ9–12∶AC had been present in extract of SPG at 2–5% ofZ11–14∶OH, it would not have been detected in our GC-MS experiment.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Rhynchophorus phoenicis ; Rhynchophorus cruentatus ; aggregation pheromone ; pheromone chirality ; (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (3R,4R)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (3S,4R)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (3R,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (4R,5R)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (4S,5R)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol ; (4R,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract There are four stereoisomers of both 3-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the African palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis (F.) and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). Synthetic stereoisomers of 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol were baseline-separated on a Cyclodex-B fused silica column. Use of this column in gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses revealed that only one stereoisomer, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol, is produced by maleR. phoenicis and maleR. cruentatus, respectively, and elicits good antennal responses by conspecific male and female weevils. In field trapping experiments, withR. phoenicis in Côte d'Ivoire andR. cruentatus in Florida, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol strongly enhanced attraction of fresh palm tissue, whereas other stereoisomers were behaviorally benign. Stereoisomeric 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol may be utilized to monitor and/or manage populations of these two palm weevils.
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