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  • Lepidoptera  (237)
  • Noctuidae  (92)
  • Rat
  • Springer  (316)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • 1990-1994  (137)
  • 1985-1989  (179)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ventricular and atrial myocytes of newborn rats synthesise and secrete atrial natriuretic peptide in culture: Light-and electron-microscopical localisation and chromatographic examination of stored and secreted molecular forms (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Ventricular myocytes ; Atrial myocytes ; Cell culture ; Secretion ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity is stored and secreted by ventricular and atrial myocytes in dissociated cell culture preparations from the heart of newborn rat. Culture preparations were maintained in either foetal calf serum-supplemented medium 199 or in hormone-supplemented, serum-free medium 199. The presence of atrial natriuretic peptidelike immunoreactivity in the cultured myocytes was demonstrated at both light-and electron-microscopical levels. Release of atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity into the culture medium was measured by radioimmunoassay; molecular forms of the stored and secreted peptide were determined by gel column chromatography. The atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity of cultured atrial and ventricular myocytes was concentrated in the perinuclear cytoplasm and was localised to electron-dense secretory granules. The number of immunoreactive ventricular myocytes and the intensity of their immunofluorescence changed with time in culture and was higher in cultures in foetal calf serum-supplemented medium than in serum-free medium. Gamma-atrial natriuretic peptide was stored and released by cultured atrial and ventricular myocytes, but was broken down to alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide in the growth medium. This process was foetal calf serum-independent, since it occurred in both the media used, indicating that cardiac myocytes in culture may release a factor that cleaves gamma-atrial natriuretic peptide to form alphaatrial natriuretic peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215461
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained release of salmon calcitonin in vivo from lactide: Glycolide copolymer depots (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Sustained release ; Copolymer depot ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Studies were carried out to determine whether monolithic depot formulations, prepared using lactide:glycolide copolymers, could be used to administer salmon calcitonin (sCT) to rats in vivo. Formulations containing 2, 5, or 10% (w/w) sCT were administered subcutaneously to female Wistar strain rats. Release of sCT was determined by measurement of peptide in plasma using a specific radioimmunoassay and by measurement of residual sCT in the depots after recovery at postmortem. Plasma calcium concentrations and cumulative weight gain of the animals were used to measure pharmacological effects of the released sCT. Release of sCT from the depots was controlled by the copolymer and was sustained for periods up to 10 days. However, the release of sCT from the depots did not significantly alter plasma calcium concentrations, and effects on cumulative weight gain were small and transient. Peptide loading of the formulations was shown to modify sCT release. Maximal release of sCT from depots containing 10% peptide occurred over a 7 to 14-day period postadministration, with 5% sCT release occurred between days 11 and 14, and with 2% sCT, the period of maximal release was between days 11 and 18. Release of peptide from the depots was essentially complete by 21 days postadministration irrespective of the peptide loading. These data suggest that lactide:glycolide copolymer depots may have application for the convenient clinical administration of sCT in metabolic bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative changes in the lysosomal vacuolar system of rat hepatocytes during short-term starvation (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 641-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hepatocytes ; Lysosomes ; Macroautophagy ; Microautophagy ; Starvation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural morphometric analysis was used to study time-dependent variations in macro and microautophagy in rat hepatocytes. Except during periods of shortterm starvation for up to 24 h, animals were kept under standardized conditions of food intake. In hepatocytes of meal-fed rats the volume fraction of macroautophagic vacuoles is significantly higher at 23:00 h, i.e., immediately before food intake, compared to 11:00 h, i.e., 12 h following feeding. During fasting, macroautophagy drops to a low level. Microautophagic vacuoles in hepatocytes of meal-fed rats, sacrificed at 11:00 or 23:00 h respectively, do not show any significant quantitative differences. However, during 12 h of starvation, the volume fraction of microautophagic vacuoles rises significantly, whereas the numerical density remains constant. Subsequently, during the second 12-h period of fasting, the volume fraction of microautophagic vacuoles remains unchanged, but the numerical density increases. Over a period of 24 h of starvation the volume fraction of the total lysosomal system does not change significantly, whereas the numerical density rises. The time-dependent changes of the macroautophagic vacuolar system correlate with the circadian, food-related variations in the protein content of individual hepatocytes from meal-fed animals. The increase in volume fraction and thereafter in number of microautophagic vacuoles, as observed during starvation, coincides with a large decrease in protein content of individual hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218073
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals. IX. Differential response ofTrichogramma pretiosum, an egg parasitoid ofHeliothis zea, to various olfactory cues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3531-3544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma pretiosum ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Heliothis zea ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; sex pheromone ; kairomone ; wind tunnel ; orientation behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavior ofTrichogramma pretiosum Nixon wasps when exposed to different olfactory cues was studied in a wind tunnel. Compared to clean air, the sex pheromone of its hostHeliothis zea (Boddie) increased wasp residence times, walking times, and path lengths on a platform and decreased walking velocity. If wasps were released on top of a glass rod above a platform, the odor caused the wasps to land shortly after takeoff. In addition, a clear dose effect with regard to total residence and walking times was found. These responses were not elicited by three dosages of the sex pheromone ofSpodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) or by a blend of saturated acetates. These results correspond with the observation thatH. zea is a common field host ofT. pretiosum, whereas eggs ofS. frugiperda are rarely attacked by this parasitoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant and insecticidal properties of azadirachtin to the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; azadirachtin ; antifeedant ; botanical insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné les propriétés anti-appétantes et insecticides de l'azadirachtine, une substance triterpénoïde provenant d'Azadirachta indica envers la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis. La concentration effective pour causer 50% d'inhibition de l'alimentation larvaire (PC50) sur des disques foliaires a été de 3.5 ppm pour les larves de premier stade et de 24 μg/8 pour celle de troisième stade. L'azadirachtine a sévèrement réduit la croissance larvaire à des concentrations de 1 et 10 ppm dans une diète méridique et, éventuellement, a causé 100% de mortalité à 10 ppm et 90% à 1 ppm. A 0.1 ppm l'azadirachtine n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les larves maïs a modifié l'indice de masculinité en faveur des mâles au moment de l'émergence et a empêché l'oviposition chez les femelles. Les indices nutritionnels pour les larves naïves de troisième âge et celles ayant subi une accoutumance suggèrent que la réduction de croissance est le résultat d'une intoxication comme le démontre une efficacité réduite de transformation chez les groupes traités à l'azadirachtine, plutôt que des changements de digestibilité. Il n'y a pas d'évidence claire de tolérance dans le groupe ayant subi l'accoutumance. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à 10 ppm l'azadirachtine est un insecticide botanique efficace envers O. nubilalis.
    Notes: Abstract Azadirachtin, a triterpenoid substance from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, was evaluated for its antifeedant and insecticidal properties to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. The 50% protective concentration for larval feeding on treated corn disks (PC50) was 3.5 ppm for neonate larvae and 24 ppm for third instar larvae. Azadirachtin severely reduced larval growth at 1 and 10 ppm in a meridic diet and eventually caused 100% mortality at 10 ppm and 90% at 1 ppm. At 0.1 ppm azadirachtin showed no significant effect on larvae but altered the sex ratio in favor of male moths during adult emergence and arrested oviposition of female moths. Nutritional indices for naive and habituated third instar larvae suggested that reduction of growth was due to toxicity as shown by a lowered efficiency of conversion in the azadirachtin treated groups, rather than changes in digestibility. No clear evidence of tolerance was observed in the habituated group. The data suggest that at 10 ppm azadirachtin is an effective botanical insecticide for control of O. nubilalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163349
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calling behaviour ofMamestra brassicae: effect of age and photoperiod (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Mamestra brassicae ; sex pheromone ; calling behaviour ; calling posture ; diel periodicity of calling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La périodicité quotidienne de l'appel et les effets de l'âge et de la photopériode ont été examinés sur des femelles vierges deMamestra brassicae (Lépido., Noctuidae). Aucun appel n'a été observé pendant la première scotophase; la plupart des femelles appelaient pour la première fois pendant les 2e et 3e scotophases après l'émergence, quelle que fût la photopériode. Les papillons conservés à 16 J/8 N ont commencé à appeler beaucoup plus tard que ceux dont la photopériode était 18 J/6 N. En vieillissant, les papillons appelaient significativement de plus en plus tôt. Avec 16 J/8 N, la moyenne du moment du début de l'appel a diminué de la scotophase 2 à la scotophase 3, après laquelle il s'est stabilisé autour de 260 min après le début de la scotophase. Avec 18 J/6 N, le moment du début de l'appel a diminué jusqu'à la scotophase 4, et s'est stabilisé ensuite autour de 130 min après le début de l'obscurité.
    Notes: Abstract Die periodicity of calling and the effect of age and photoperiod on calling behaviour were studied in virgin females of the cabbage moth,mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). No calling activity was observed during the first scotophase. Most females called for the first time during the 2nd or 3rd scotophase after emergence, regardless of the photoperiod. Moths maintained under 16L: 8D started calling significantly later in the scotophase than those maintained under 18L: 6D. With increasing age, moths initiated calling significantly earlier. Under the 16L: 8D photoregime, the mean onset calling time decreased from scotophases 2 to 3, after which it stabilized around ca. 260 min after the start of the scotophase. With 18L: 6D, the onset of calling decreased until scotophase 4, and subsequently stabilized around ca. 130 min after lights off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of novel avermectins with unprecedented insecticidal activity (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: 4″-Amino-4″-deoxyavermectins ; avermectin ; insecticide ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new class of insecticidal and antiparasitic agents, 4″-amino-4′-deoxy avermectins, has been developed by chemical modification of avermectin B1. The most effective of these compounds are 1500-fold more potent than avermectin B1 (abamectin) against the beet armywormSpodoptera exigua and show similar potency against other lepidopteran larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951823
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 793-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma evanescens ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; kairomone ; oviposition ; deterring pheromone ; accessory gland ; egg parasite ; tricosane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In observation-cage experiments some new contact kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood are demonstrated.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves treated with the wing scales of two hosts,Pieris brassicae L. andP. rapae L. Further, egg washes ofP. brassicae containing an oviposition deterrent pheromone for the butterflies, were found to have a contact-kairomonal effect on the parasite.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves sprayed with a methanol or water wash ofP. brassicae eggs than on leaves treated with the solvent only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of UV radiation on activity of linear furanocoumarins andBacillus thuringiensis var.Kurstaki againstSpodoptera exigua: Implications for tritrophic interactions (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 973-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Linear furanocoumarins ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; UV light ; tritrophic interactions ; Bacillus thuringiensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acidic fogs with a pH of 2.0 and duration of 2 hr did not reduce the efficacy ofBacillus thuringiensis var.Kurstaki (Berliner). Therefore, the impact of UV radiation was investigated on the interactions between (1) levels of the antibacterial linear furanocoumarins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin inApium graveolens (L.) occurring following a 2.0 pH acidic fog episode, (2) the noctuidSpodoptera exigua (Hübner), and (3) a sublethal dosage of the microbial pathogenB. thuringiensis var.Kurstaki. Mean time to pupation in the absence of UV radiation (survival was too low to conduct this analysis for insects exposed to UV) was significantly extended by the addition of either psoralens orB. thuringiensis. Larvae developing on diets containingB. thuringiensis plus psoralens required nearly 40% longer to pupate than controls, but their effects were additive as the interaction was not significant. Although the mean times to adult emergence were significantly different, time spent in the pupal stage did not vary significantly between treatments, indicating that increases in larval developmental time were responsible for the observed decrease in developmental rate. Mean time to mortality, a weighted average time of death, was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis, all main effects (linear furanocoumarins.B. thuringiensis, UV radiation) reduced survival significantly, as did the three-way interaction. Thus, antagonistic interactions with psoralens that would reduce the effectiveness ofB. thuringiensis in the field were not observed. When pairs of main effects were nested within the two levels (presence and absence) of the third factor, several two-way interactions were found. Interestingly, the activity ofB. thuringiensis and the psoralens, individually or in combination, was enhanced by exposure to UV radiation. Implications of this research are discussed for both natural and agricultural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation and interspecific differences in sex pheromones of sibling species inCtenopseustis obliquana complex (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 413-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ctenopseustis obliquana ; Tortricinae ; Lepidoptera ; pheromones ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate ; sibling species ; blend preferences ; electrophysiology ; intraspecific variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The specific status ofCtenopseustis obliquana pheromone-types I, II, and III has been more fully examined. Females of types I and III produce a mixture of (Z)-8- and (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetates (Z8-14:Ac, Z5-14: Ac). The previously reported different ratios of these two components in females of the two types (type I=80∶20, III=90∶10) have been reinvestigated. The median ratios of each type differed significantly, although there was some overlap in the ranges of these ratios. A field cage trial showed that males of type III are attracted to females of type I, so the observed differences may be ascribed to intraspecific variation. In contrast to females of types I or III, females of type II produce Z5-14∶Ac but no Z8-14∶Ac. The electroantennogram (EAG) profile of antennae of type II males shows a maximum response to Z5-14∶Ac, while the EAG profiles of types I and III show a strong response to Z8-14∶Ac. In wind tunnel tests using mixtures of these two compounds, type II males prefer blends consisting of all or mostly Z5-14: Ac, while type I males showed a preference to a mix of 70% Z8-14∶Ac plus 30% Z5-14∶Ac. We found that type I males are attracted to type I females when offered a choice between type I and type II females in a field cage test and that type II males similarly prefer type II females. Males of types I and II have specialist cells for Z8-14∶Ac and Z5-14∶Ac but differ with respect to relative densities of these cells and to further cell types responsive to other alkenyl acetates. Type IIC. obliquana is considered therefore a sibling species of types I and III. In addition, the amount of Z5-14∶Ac produced by type II females varied geographically. Females from the North Island produced significantly less (median=1.2 ng) Z5-14∶Ac than females from the South Island (median=2.2 ng). Type II populations in the North Island morphologically resembled sympatric type I, rather than type II from the South Island and are designated as type II (North Island). Type II (North Island) populations have so far been found only at Rukuhia (near Hamilton) and from Kerikeri. In contrast, type II populations are sympatric with type III populations over much of the South Island. In a field cage trial, males of types II and II (North Island) were attracted to females of both II and II (North Island). We tentatively ascribe the differences between type II and type II (North Island) to intraspecific variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994342
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