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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A xylogalacturonan whose level is dependent on the size of cell clusters is present in the pectin from cultured carrot cells (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 200 (1996), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callus ; Daucus (cell walls) ; Pectin ; Xylogalacturonan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A substantial level of xylose was detected in the pectic polysaccharides that had been extracted from carrot (Daucus carota L.) calli and purified by gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography. The results of the removal of neutral sugar chains and β-elimination indicated that the xylose was not included in the neutral sugar chains but was directly bound to a polygalac-turonic-acid backbone. Methylation analysis confirmed that the xylose was directly linked to galacturonic acid at position 2 or 3, as a terminal residue. The amount of xylose was positively correlated with the size of cell clusters in several lines of cultured carrot cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231391
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in pectic polysaccharides between carrot embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Carrot ; Pectin ; cell-to-cell attachment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell walls and media were obtained from three kinds of carrot cell culture, namely, embryogenic callus (EC), non-embryogenic callus (NC) and somatic embryos (SE), and analyzed for their sugar content and sugar composition by electrophoresis and gas chromatography. EC formed large cell clusters while NC formed small clusters. Observations under the light microscope revealed that the intercellular contacts in NC were much more limited than those in EC. The analysis of pectic polysaccharides revealed that the level of neutral sugars was higher than that of acidic sugars in EC, while the opposite was true in NC. Gaschromatographic analysis of neutral sugars in pectic fractions revealed that EC and SE were rich in arabinose, while NC was rich in galactose. On the basis of these results, we discuss the possible involvement of neutral sugars, and of arabinose and galactose in particular, in pectic polysaccharides in intercellular contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232028
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the pectic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli and correlations with the size of cell clusters (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 634-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Callus ; Cell wall ; Daucus (cell walls) ; Morphogenesis ; Neutral sugar ; Pectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carrot (Daucus carota L.) embryogenic callus (EC) loses its embryogenic competence and becomes nonembryogenic callus (NC) during long-term culture. With the loss of embryogenic competence, the cell clusters become smaller and the extent of intercellular attachments is reduced. Pectic fractions prepared from EC and NC were separated into two subfractions by gel filtration. A difference in sugar composition between EC and NC was found only in the high-molecular-mass (ca. 1300 kDa) subfraction, and the ratio of the amount of arabinose to that of galactose (Ara/Gal) was strongly and positively correlated with the size of cell clusters in several different cultures. From the results of sugar-composition and methylation analyses, and the results of treatment with exo-arabinanase, models of the neutral sugar chains of pectins from EC and NC are proposed. Both neutral sugar chains are composed of three regions. The basal region is composed of linearly linked arabinan 5-Araf〉 moieties in both types of callus. The middle galactan region is composed of 6-linked galactose, some of which branches at the 3 and 4 positions, and this region is larger and more frequently branched in NC than in EC. Finally, the terminal arabinan region is composed of 5-linked arabinose, branched at the 3 position, and the size of the terminal arabinan is larger in EC than in NC. The significance of the neutral sugar chains of pectins in the interaction of cell wall components and intercellular attachment is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262652
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High levels of non-methylesterified pectins and low levels of peripherally located pectins in loosely attached non-embryogenic callus of carrot (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Callus ; Cell wall ; Daucus carota ; Intercellular attachment ; Pectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carrot embryogenic callus (EC) forms larger and tighter clusters of cells than does non-embryogenic callus (NC). Morphological and histochemical analyses of EC and NC were made using the electron microscope. The entire cell wall in NC was strongly stained by ruthenium red, which reacts primarily with carboxyl groups of acidic sugars. By contrast, in EC, strong staining by ruthenium red of the entire cell wall, of amorphous structures on the surface of EC and of secretory vesicles was observed only after treatment with NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of amorphous structures on the entire surface of EC but not of NC. These results suggest the abundance of non-methylesterified pectins and the presence of methylesterified and peripherally located pectins in the cell walls of NC and EC, respectively, as well as the absence, in carrot cultured cells, of any correlation between the calcium bridges of pectins and intercellular attachment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050622
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A smoothing technique for reduced integration penalty methods in contact problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 343-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a smoothing technique to the oscillated contact pressure obtained by penalty methods for a class of unilateral contact problems in linear elasticity. The main result is to show that the smoothed contact pressure satisfies the so-called Babuska-Brezzi condition which dominates the convergence of the penalty method. One numerical example is described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical methods for a two-phase Stefan problem by variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1221-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one-phase multi-dimensional Stefan problem by the method of variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1197-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarks on relations between penalty and mixed finite element methods for a class of variational inequalities (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1557-1561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620151010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness effects of CCT specimens (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 623-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: First, the three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses of 1CT and 18 mm thick CCT specimens are carried out by using the finite element method, and the thickness effects of both specimens are studied. In elastic states, there is no significant difference between the CT and CCT specimen in the distribution of the J-integral along the straight or curved crack front. However, in elasto-plastic states, quite the contrary tendency is obtained in the distributions of J x and COD along the curved crack front for both specimens. Secondly, elasto-plastic analyses are carried out for CCT specimens of four kinds of thickness (B = 200, 18, 6 and 4 mm). The distributions of the J-integral along the crack front are obtained and compared. Finally, the availability of the JR value is examined, which is evaluated from the load versus displacement curve by using Rice's formula.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620220308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal shape remodelling of linearly elastic plates using finite element methods (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 1823-1840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The optimality conditions for the optimal shape remodelling of linearly elastic plates are obtained by introducing the total variation of a function defined on a variable domain, although the variation of a function has been taken on a fixed domain in most literature on calculus of variations. Using these optimality conditions, a solution scheme involving an iterative algorithm is proposed, together with several numerical examples.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620201006
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