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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion behavior and gas mixing in electron cyclotron resonance plasmas as sources of highly charged ions (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4772-4779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article deals with ion behavior in small open-ended magnetic devices, the electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) that were developed for multicharged ion production. The ECRIS are basically ECR-heated plasma confinement machines with hot electrons and cold ions. The main parameters of the ion population in ECRIS plasmas are successively analyzed: temperature, collisions, losses, confinement times, followed by the gas mixing effect, a specific technique to improve the performance as an ion source. A series of experiments is described for the systematic analysis of this effect. It is experimentally shown that high charge state optimization by gas mixing results from an ion confinement time improvement due to ion cooling, and relies on a compromise between three criteria, ion losses, mass effect, and ionization rates. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371442
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations to the plasma energy and density in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3408-3415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasmas are generated by the resonant interaction of a high-frequency (hf) wave with the electrons of the plasma close to the electron Larmor frequency. At high hf power the collisional relaxation is not sufficient to thermalize the electrons and a complex Electron Distribution Function (EDF) is generated. In ECR Ion Sources (ECRIS), dedicated to the production of Highly Charged Ions (HCI), such a hot electron component is required to ionize the atoms to very high charged states; in this paper experiments on the electron population are presented. It is shown that ECRIS plasmas are very far from thermal equilibrium; which is necessary for the production of HCI; the observed saturation of the performances (in electron energy and density, and ion charge state) can be explained by the wave–plasma interaction itself: low-energy electrons interact primarily with the electric field of the wave, whereas the high-energy component experiences mainly pitch-angle scattering due to the interaction with the magnetic field of the wave, which becomes dominant. A simple model, consistent with the results obtained in the domain of strong hf power, is developed. This model explains the saturation phenomena encountered. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873581
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of low-frequency oscillations in heavy ion plasmas heated by electron cyclotron resonance (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 4307-4309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved experiments (bremsstrahlung, diamagnetism, electron, and ion end-loss currents) have been carried out at the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Quadrumafios [A. Girard, et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 1714 (1994)] continuously operated with heavy neutral gases. All the diagnostics reveal oscillations (on the time scale of about 1 s) which could be characterized by variations of the hot electron perpendicular temperature. The onset of this low-frequency periodic regime with increasing heating powers and/or decreasing gas injection pressures is shown to limit the highly charged ion currents available. The addition of a lighter gas, e.g., He into Kr, delays the appearance of the periodic regime and enables one to extract higher currents. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871961
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary results of the 14 GHz SERSE superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source working in high-B mode : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 653-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: After the first operation of the SERSE superconducting source assembled with reduced performance coils, the tests of the new SERSE magnetic system were carried out with excellent results. The specifications of the design field were reached and exceeded. The new coils were mounted and SERSE is now able to run at full performance magnetic field. The today's status of the facility, electron cyclotron resonance source and new magnetic configuration, is described. The first tests as a multicharged ion source have just started, and a few preliminary results are given and commented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148625
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summary of the performances of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source at 14 GHz (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4082-4085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article deals with the most recent performance of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SERSE) working at 14 GHz with high magnetic fields after the required conditioning and optimization of several operating parameters. SERSE has now achieved an outstanding level of performance in delivering highly charged ion beams in argon and oxygen gases: the results obtained while operating in a stainless steel chamber and with an aluminum liner are shown and discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149254
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous oxygen isotopic charge state distribution in ECRIS: New evidence : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 953-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The highly performing Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source CAPRICE in Grenoble was operated with a mixture of three oxygen isotopes. The summed currents per charge state show a distribution almost identical to that of natural oxygen. However, the distributions per isotope are distinctly and systematically different in the sense that the heaviest isotopic distribution is most prominently peaked at high charge states. This anomalous effect reduces or disappears if helium is added to the isotopic mixture. The addition of either natural helium or isotopic 3He has no significantly differing result. Presently no quantitative model is available to satisfactorily explain the measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146781
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source and scaling laws : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1100-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The heating and confinement of electrons in an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma is described: the single particle motion in a magnetic beach is presented, showing the role of the rf wave magnetic field in the electron losses. This effect can be approximately modeled by a Fokker–Planck quasilinear equation in velocity space. This modeling is discussed and numerical results are presented. The behavior of the wave close to resonance is analyzed, taking into account the thermal motion of the electrons. The role of the different design parameters (including rf frequency) is shown and the major ingredients for the design of an efficient ECRIS for multiply charged ions production are summarized. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148588
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic forces acting on the tip in atomic force microscopy: Modelization and comparison with analytic expressions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 1023-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: With the model of equivalent charge distribution, we calculated the exact electrostatic force acting on the real (conical) tip of an atomic force microscope. This model applies to a conductive tip in front of a conductive plane. We compared the equivalent charge model with several analytic models used to date to approximate the electrostatic forces and discussed their degree of validity. We estimated the contribution of the cantilever to the total force and showed, on the basis of theoretical calculations and experimental results, that the contribution of cantilever may constitute the essential part of the electrostatic force in the range of distances used in electrostatic force microscopy in the air. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363884
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of air damping in noncontact resonant force microscopy (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4137-4144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The action of viscous forces on the motion of an atomic force microscope cantilever operating in resonant mode in air is modelized. We demonstrate that for most applications, the vibration of a V shaped cantilever in the air can be approximated to a simple damped oscillator. The damping factor is distance dependent and includes terms issued of the interaction of both cantilever and tip with the sample. Expressions for the various damping forces have been derived and related to the geometry of the tip-cantilever system. They lead to an expression which quantifies the variations in oscillation amplitude versus tip sample distance. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148358
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic calculation of the electronic structure of the IF molecule (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6426-6438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of IF is investigated using ab initio pseudopotentials and a variational/perturbative MRCI scheme (CIPSI/CIPSO). All the valence states dissociating into neutral asymptotes I(2P1/2,2P3/2)+F(2P1/2,2P3/2) and ionic asymptotes I+(3P2,3P1,3P0,1D2,1S0) +F−(1S0) are determined up to the region where they undergo avoided crossing with the neutral excited states dissociating into I*+F. The spectroscopic properties are derived and discussed in comparison with the available experimental results, with emphasis on the X, B, E, A, β, A′, and D′ states. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472996
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