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  • atomic force microscopy  (4)
  • 15N  (3)
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1960-1964
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (7)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatilization losses of surface-applied urea nitrogen from Vertisols in the Indian semi-arid tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Vertisol ; pH ; Cation exchange capacity ; Moisture ; Urea ; 15N ; Nitrogen losses ; Ammonia volatilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N loss from Vertisols was estimated by measuring the loss of 15N-labelled urea N under conditions that promote NH3 volatilization. Urea granules were placed on the top of 150-mm deep soil columns (Vertisols) collected from three sites with a range in pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. There were two contrasting moisture treatments, one near field capacity (wet) and another with intermittent wetting of the soil surface before allowing the columns to dry (moist-dry). The results indicated that losses were influenced markedly by pH and moisture treatment, being 29.5, 33.5, and 33% from the wet soils and 37, 42, and 40.5% from the moistdry soils with pH values of 7.7, 8.2, and 9.3, respectively. These observations clearly indicate that broadcasting of urea on the surface of Vertisols may cause substantial N losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatilization losses of surface-applied urea nitrogen from Vertisols in the Indian semi-arid tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Vertisol ; pH ; Cation exchange capacity ; Moisture ; Urea ; 15N ; Nitrogen losses ; Ammonia ; volatilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N loss from Vertisols was estimated by measuring the loss of 15N-labelled urea N under conditions that promote NH3 volatilization. Urea granules were placed on the top of 150-mm deep soil columns (Vertisols) collected from three sites with a range in pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. There were two contrasting moisture treatments, one near field capacity (wet) and another with intermittent wetting of the soil surface before allowing the columns to dry (moist-dry). The results indicated that losses were influenced markedly by pH and moisture treatment, being 29.5, 33.5, and 33% from the wet soils and 37, 42, and 40.5% from the moist-dry soils with pH values of 7.7, 8.2, and 9.3, respectively. These observations clearly indicate that broadcasting of urea on the surface of Vertisols may cause substantial N losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334581
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nanometer-scale structure of amyloid-Β visualized by atomic force microscopy (1996)
    Springer
    The protein journal 15 (1996), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: AFM ; atomic force microscopy ; amyloid beta ; Alzheimer's disease ; aggregation ; fibril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Amyloid-Β (AΒ) is the major protein component of neuritic plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. Evidence suggests that the physical aggregation state of AΒ directly influences neurotoxicity and specific cellular biochemical events. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of aggregated AΒ and characterize aggregate/fibril size, structure, and distribution. Aggregates are characterized by fibril length and packing densities. The packing densities correspond to the differential thickness of fiber aggregates along az axis (fiber height above thex-y imaging surface). Densely packed aggregates (≥100 nm thick) were observed. At the edges of these densely packed regions and in dispersed regions, three types of AΒ fibrils were observed. These were classified by fibril thickness into three size ranges: 2–3 nm thick, 4–6 nm thick, and 8–12 nm thick. Some of the two thicker classes of fibrils exhibited pronounced axial periodicity. Substructural features observed included fibril branching or annealing and a height periodicity which varied with fibril thickness. When identical samples were visualized with AFM and electron microscopy (EM) the thicker fibrils (4–6 nm and 8–12 nm thick) had similar morphology. In comparison, the densely packed regions of ∼≥100 nm thickness observed by AFM were difficult to resolve by EM. The small, 2- to 3-nm-thick, fibrils were not observed by EM even though they were routinely imaged by AFM. These studies demonstrate that AFM imaging of AΒ fibrils can, for the first time, resolve nanometer-scale,z-axis, surface-height (thickness) fibril features. Concurrentx-y surface scans of fibrils reveal the surface submicrometer structure and organization of aggregated AΒ. Thus, when AFM imaging of AΒ is combined with, and correlated to, careful studies of cellular AΒ toxicity it may be possible to relate certain AΒ structural features to cellular neurotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01887400
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy of plant chromosomes (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 3 (1995), S. 128-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: AFM ; atomic force microscopy ; c-banding ; plant chromosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Atomic force microscopy has been used to image plant chromosomes from standard preparations without staining or coating. This has enabled the collection of high-resolution three-dimensional data on surface structure. The technique has been further applied to the imaging of C-banded chromosomes revealing structural changes resulting from the banding treatment. The bands were observed as localized areas of high relief.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710674
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of urine nitrogen on mineral and peat soils in New Zealand (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 178 (1996), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: dentrification ; leaching ; lysimeter ; 15N ; ryegrass ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field lysimeter experiment was conducted over 150 days to examine the fate of synthetic urinary nitrogen (N) applied to peat and mineral soils, with and without a water table. At the start of the winter season, synthetic urine labelled with 15N, was applied at 500 kg N ha−1. Plant uptake, leaching losses and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were monitored. Total plant uptake ranged from 11% to 35% of the urine-N applied depending on soil type and treatment. Plant uptake of applied N was greater in the presence of a water table in the mineral soil. Nitrate-N (NO3 --N) was only detected in leachates from the mineral soil, at concentrations up to 146 μg NO3 --N mL−1. Presence of a water table in the mineral soil reduced leaching losses (as inorganic-N) from 47% to 6%, incrased plant uptake and doubled apparent denitrification losses. In the peat soils leaching losses of applied urine-N as inorganic-N were low (〈5%). Losses of N as N2O were greater in the mineral soil than in the peat soils, with losses of 3% and 〈1% of N applied respectively after 100 days. Apparent denitrification losses far exceeded N2O losses and it is postulated that the difference could be due to dinitrogen (N2) loss and soil entrapment of N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011172
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning conduction microscopic method for probing abrasion of insulating thin films (1995)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 1 (1995), S. 159-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: scanning force microscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; spatial probe of conductivity ; tribology ; polymer thin films ; abrasion ; wear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of scanning force microscopy (SFM) to probe wear processes at interfaces is of considerable interest. We present here a simple modification of the SFM which allows us to make highly spatially resolved measurements of conductivity changes produced by abrasion of thin insulating films on metal substrates. The technique is demonstrated on fluorocarbon polymer thin films deposited on stainless steel substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209771
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface force microscope observations of corrosive tribological wear on single crystal NaNO3 exposed to moist air (1995)
    Springer
    Tribology letters 1 (1995), S. 277-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2711
    Keywords: sodium nitrate ; atomic force microscopy ; wear ; tribology ; corrosive wear ; humidity effects ; deliquescence ; dissolution ; deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous tribological loading and exposure to a chemically reactive environment can yield wear processes not produced by either stimulus alone. We report surface force microscopic (SFM) observations of cleaved, single crystal NaNO3 in air, where tribological loading was provided by the SFM tip itself and chemical exposure was due to controlled introduction of water vapor at relative humidities from 10 to 65%. Scanning in the contact mode with nN loads at 30–50% relative humidity produces readily visible surface modifications, including preferential removal of material along steps. Material transfer along the surface can yield parallel ridges and depressions tens of nanometer high. In contrast, scanning in the tapping mode under certain humidity conditions produces localized deposition, possibly reflecting the “dehydration” of solvated ions and subsequent incorporation into the solid phase. We discuss the influence of contact force, tip velocity, relative humidity, and possible mechanochemistry on the rates of wear and deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174255
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