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  • Springer  (41)
  • 1995-1999  (38)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 138 (1997), S. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Salzsümpfe im Riftvalley Israels sind von Erschließung bedroht, insbesondere seit der Frieden mit Jordanien zu einem Boom für Investitionen und Entwicklungsplänen geführt hat. Diese Entwicklung betrifft auch Eilat, einen wichtigen „Flaschenhals“ für den Vogelzug am Nordrand des nordafrikanisch-arabischen Wüstengürtels. Das Gebiet hat für Zugvögel eine entscheidende Bedeutung nach einem Flug Über fast 2000 km Wüste. Von einer Salzsumpffläche von 12 km2 sind gerade noch 0,04 km2 übrig geblieben. Die Salzsümpfe waren für mindestens 70 Zugvogelarten von essentieller Bedeutung als Rastplatz. Um die Rolle der Salzsümpfe und der Rohrbestände für Vögel zu dokumentieren, untersuchte ich einen dort lebenden Standvogel als „Bioindikator“. Im Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Habitaten sollte die Untersuchung des Federwachstums eine Bewertung erlauben. Im Herbst 1993 und Frühjahr 1994 wurden 59 Streifenprinien aus Revieren in Rohrbeständen und 41 aus solchen in Salzsümpfen gefangen; zur Untersuchung wurde eine zentrale Steuerfeder verwendet. Im Mittel waren 10 Wachstumsstreifen der Vögel der Rohrbestände signifikant breiter als bei den Fänglingen der Salzsümpfe. Daraus ist zu schließen, daß die Rohrbestände für die Vögel ein günstigeres Habitat darstellten als die Salzsümpfe.
    Notes: Abstract Dry salt marshes of the Rift Valley in Israel are subject 1to development. This is of special concern because the peace process has led to a boom of financial investment and a flood of ideas as to how these areas can be further exploited. This includes Eilat, an important migratory bottleneck on the northern edge of the Saharan-Arabian desert belt, which is critical for many avian migrant species because in spring it is reached after a flight of almost 2000 km across continuos deserts. Of the once extensive Eilat salt marsh of 12 km2, all that remains today is a piece of only 0.04 km2. An avian study of this habitat concluded that the salt marsh was important for the survival of at least 70 species of migrant passerines that staged in the salt marsh. In order to evaluate the optimality of the salt marsh and reed beds for the birds I sampled a resident species as a bioindicator. I hypothesized that ptilochronology would allow me to compare between the habitats and to rank their relative importance to avian populations. During autumn 1993 and spring 1994, 59 Graceful Warblers from territories in the reeds, and 41 from the salt marsh were trapped and a central rectrix plucked for analysis. The average of 10 growth bars of the rectrix of the birds from the reeds were significantly broader than those of the salt marsh. A comparison of the two habitats clearly shows that the reed beds are a superior resource to the birds than the existing salt marsh.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 138 (1997), S. 543-546 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Earthquakes are usually a matter of seconds and while experiencing the phenomenon few observe the behaviour of the animals during the phenomenon. On 22 November 1995, at 06:16 hrs Israel Standard Time, an earthquake of a magnitude (Mw) of 7.2 on the Richter scale shocked Eilat, Israel. I first observed unusual behaviour at about 06:00 hrs when flocks of several avian species flew north. Also, a flock of about 50 Grey Herons (Ardea cinerea), that roosted on the salt pans, became increasingly restless and eventually took to the air at 06:08 hrs. Our primary objective was to describe the sensitivity exhibited by the flock of Grey Herons to the tremors which continued to occur for weeks after the initial shock. Observers remained at the salt pans for a week after the initial shock and noted if flock members displayed any physical discomfort (e. g., shaking wings, jumping or hopping without lift off) during the day, and prior to flying off, owing to no reasonable disturbance. Subsequently, the Seismology Division, Institute for Petroleum Research and Geophysics supplied data of tremors recorded for the same period. A total of 37 tremors of Mw=3.9 or more were recorded. Majority of the tremors were Mw=4.1, but an equal number of 4.4 and 4.5 combined were also recorded. Grey Herons reacted at all levels, although they appeared to ignore some tremors that were less than Mw=4.2. However, the Herons took to the air when tremors were stronger than Mw=4.3. Human observors partially felt tremors between the magnitudes of Mw=4.1 to 4.4, but all stronger tremors were felt. One of the interesting and consistent observations was that the birds showed the first signs of restlessnes about 30–60 seconds prior to the human observors ability to feel the tremors.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: agriculture ; ammonium nitrate ; monitoring ; pastures ; population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkungen der Ausbringung eines in den USA weithin gebräuchlichen Kalium-Ammonium-Nitrat-Düngers auf Viehweiden wurde an Louisianawürgern im Vergleich von acht betroffenen und vier nichtbetroffenen Paaren geprüft. Würger gelten allgemein als gute Indikatoren für Habitatqualität. Der Dünger wurde am 18. Juni 1992 ausgebracht, als die Würger mitten in ihrem Brutgeschäft waren. Bereits innerhalb eines Tages war die Vegetation stark geschädigt. Die von der Sprühung betroffenen Würger vergrößerten ihre Reviere um 138,5%, wobei Vögel mit vormals kleinen Revieren ihre Territorien besonders vergrößerten. Die Anzahl während der ersten drei Wochen nach der Ausbringung gesammelter Insekten war auf den besprühten Flächen im Vergleich zu den unbehandelten Weiden sehr gering. Während in von der Sprühung nicht betroffenen Bruten keinerlei auf abiotische Umstände zurückgehende Verluste an Eiern, Jungvögeln oder Altvögeln festzustellen waren, traten bei den Bruten auf den besprühten Flächen erhebliche Verluste auf. Neben dem Verlust an sieben Eiern, zwei Nestlingen und acht gerade flüggen Vögeln, verschwanden auch sieben Weibchen und ein Männchen, und ein Revier wurde verlassen. Die Beobachtungen verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit, auch sog. „umweltverträgliche“ Düngemittel auf ihre Wirkungen zu testen, und sie zeigen zugleich den Wert eines Umweltmonitorings mit Vögeln in der Agrarlandschaft.
    Notes: Summary We examined the effect of spraying the common fertilizer, sodium ammonium nitrate, on cattle pastures in central Florida. Shrikes are considered good indicators of habitat quality. Hence, eight pairs of shrikes whose territories were sprayed were considered as the treatment group, and four pairs in unsprayed territories as controls. The fertilizer was sprayed on 18 June 1992, when the resident shrikes were into their second and third nests, and within 24 h the dominant bahia grass and patches of blackberry bushes became chlorotic. The eight treatment pairs expanded their territories significantly by 138.5% on average, and the smaller their initial territory, the greater the change. The total number of insects collected in the sprayed pasture in the first three weeks was extremely low compared to the number in the unsprayed pasture. In the control pairs no loss of eggs, young, or adults owing to abiotic causes was observed. However, in the treatment pairs seven eggs, two nestlings, and eight fledglings disappeared, or died from causes attributed to the spraying. In addition, seven females and one male disappeared, and one territory was abandoned. Our observations suggest the need for additional studies to examine the effects of supposedly „environmentally friendly” fertilizers and show the value of monitoring breeding bird populations in agricultural systems.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Iron bioavailability, freshwater, oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The concentrations of chelatable iron in Lake Kinneret, defined as the fraction bound by 8-oxyquinoline (oxine) ranged in the euphotic zone between 0.24 and 2.36μg l−1. This iron species represented an average of 8.1 and 5.0% of dissolved ionic (Fei) and total iron (Fet), respectively. Removal of the chelatable iron by oxine additions to lake water samples reduced 14C uptake by up to 87% of the control value. The impact of oxine addition was low when the lake phytoplankton was dominated by the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense and particularly high when the cyanophyte Aphanizomenon ovalisporum was the most abundant phytoplankton. The impact of oxine was most prominent near the water surface and declined with depth. Experiments showed that cultures of Peridinium and diatoms were significantly less sensitive to oxine iron binding than chlorophytes and cyanophytes, thus matching the findings with natural assemblages.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Phospholipid fatty acids ; Soil microbial biomass ; Microbial community structure ; Judean Desert soils ; Semi arid climate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess variations in soil microbial biodiversity, community structure and biomass, and consequently, the soil microbial successions in time along the climate gradient of the Judean Desert. Principal component analysis of the PLFA data revealed that the degree of time- and space-related variations in PLFA composition and microbial community structure was high among the desert habitats. Significant shifts of specific groups of fatty acids caused by climatic variations were observed. The biomass represented by the total amounts of PLFAs indicated that the greater the average amount of precipitation, the higher the biomass. The results indicate that at least three different microorganism strategies were probably followed: (1) in soils with a high biomass during the rainy period, a significant biomass decrease occurred during the dry period, mainly due to an extraordinary decrease of Gram-negative bacteria as indicated by the decrease of typical monounsaturated fatty acids and hydroxy-substituted phospholipid fatty acids in semi-arid climates; (2) in soils with low biomass content during the rainy period, a significant increase of biomass during the dry period occurred, due mainly to the increase of eukaryotes, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria characterized by polyunsaturated, branched chain and some of the monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively; and (3) relatively low and constant biomass during the entire observation period in the more arid zones of the Judean Desert.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 44 (1995), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: P precipitation ; precipitation kinetics ; P solubility diagram ; pH ; octacalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Orthophosphate (OP) is a major component of irrigation and nutrient solutions. Since OP precipitates may clog drippers, and deviations from intended OP concentrations may adversely affect plant development and yield, an understanding of the mechanisms controlling OP solubility in solutions of various ionic compositions, is essential. The objectives of this study were (i) to suggest guidelines for permitted OP additions to waters of various ionic compositions, so as to avoid OP crystallization and (ii) to predict the decrease in OP concentration as a function of time in supersaturated solutions. Five freshwater sources, used for irrigation in Israel, and representing extremes of pH and of Ca, HCO3 and SO4 concentrations, were tested. Solutions of three different initial OP concentrations (10, 30 and 90 mg Pl−1) and two pH values were prepared in 21 plastic bottles and kept in a dark room at 27 °C. Solution samples were withdrawn from the bottles at predetermined times, filtered and analysed for pH and total OP, Ca and HCO3 concentrations. In all the studied waters and for all initial OP levels the OP concentration (Cp) declined with time. The rate of decrease in Cp was proportional to the difference between the observed and equilibrium Cp values, with a specific rate constant for each water.The pH and the Ca2+ and HCO 3 − activities in solution were influenced by the initial Cp. The equilibrium Cp in all treatments was found to be controlled by octacalcium phosphate (OCP). Available chemical equilibria models allow to calculate the maximum level of OP that can be added to various waters before OCP precipitates, based on water pH and Ca, HCO3 and SO 4 2− concentrations.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 25 (1996), S. 161-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper continues recent work that introduced algebraic methods for studying the stable marriage problem of Gale and Shapley [1962]. Vande Vate [1989] and Rothblum [1992] identified a set of linear inequalities which define a polytope whose extreme points correspond to the stable matchings. Points in this polytope are called fractional stable matchings. Here we identify a unique representation of fractional stable matchings as a convex combination of stable matchings that are arrangeable in a man-decreasing order. We refer to this representation and to a dual one, in terms of woman-decreasing order, as the canonical monotone representations. These representations can be interpreted as time-sharing stable matchings where particular stable matchings are used at each time-instance but the scheduled stable matchings are (occasionally) switched over time. The new representations allow us to extend, in a natural way, the lattice structure of the set of stable matchings to the set of all fractional stable matchings.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The locus of the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) has been assigned by linkage analysis with biallelic markers to a 4-Mb interval on chromosome 11q22-23, between GRIA4 and D11S1897. We have undertaken to saturate the A-T region with highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. To this end, we have identified seven new polymorphic CA-repeats in this region, and have mapped to it five new markers generated by Genethon and the Cooperative Human Linkage Center. These markers are in addition to 12 others that we have previously mapped or generated at the A-T locus. All 24 markers have been integrated into a high-density microsatellite map spanning some 6 Mb DNA. This map, which contains the A-T locus and flanking sequences, allows the construction of extensive, highly informative haplotypes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP-Ia) is a hereditary disease characterized by resistance to PTH and other hormones that act via cAMP. Patients have deficient activity of Gsα, the α subunit of the G protein, which couples hormone receptors to stimulation of adenylate cyclase. We describe two new mutations discovered in two sporadic patients with PHP-Ia. Using genomic DNA, we have amplified exons 2–13 of the Gsα gene (GNAS1) by PCR, and sequenced the resulting products. Both patients had Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, resistance to multiple hormones, and deficient Gsα activity. In the first patient, a deletion of a C in exon 5 at codon 115 was found. In the second patient, an insertion of a C in exon 10 at codon 267 was detected. Both these heterozygous mutations cause frameshift, and predict decreased production of Gsα. This report adds two new Gsα mutations to the known ten mutations recently described.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 473-481 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The azooxanthellate coral Acabaria biserialis Kükenthal, 1908 (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) is highly abundant on the vertical underwater structures of the oil jetties at Eilat (Red Sea), but it is rare on the adjacent natural reefs. To understand its success on such artificial substrata we examined various aspects of its life history and population dynamics. A. biserialis is a gonochoric brooder. The percentage of colonies on the artificial substrata bearing gonads ranged from none (September 1994 and 1995) to 100% (January 1994, 1995 and April 1994). Mature oocytes and sperm sacs reached rather small maximum diameters of 240 and 160 μm, respectively, probably dictated by the small gastrovascular cavities. A continuous release of planulae was observed in the laboratory from March to July 1995. Planulation occurred during various lunar phases, and both by day and night. Recruitment of A. biserialis on PVC plates attached to the jetties coincided with the breeding period inferred from the laboratory findings. Recruits reached a maximum height of 3 cm within 3 months, thus exhibiting a remarkably rapid growth rate compared with other gorgonians. This high colony growth rate may compensate for the lack of clonal propagation in the studied A. biserialis population. The complex substrata of the jetties provide the conditions required for successful colonization, which include upside-down orientation, an adequate light regime and exposure to flow. The findings of our study may provide a useful contribution to the design of artificial reefs aimed at attracting rapid colonization by A. biserialis colonies.
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