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  • Animals  (19)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (15)
  • *Anaphase
  • 1995-1999  (27)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1
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    Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation has been implicated in many cellular responses, including fibroblast growth, transformation, survival, and chemotaxis. Although PI3K is activated by several agents that stimulate T and B cells, the role of PI3K in lymphocyte function is not clear. The mouse gene encoding the PI3K adapter subunit p85alpha and its splice variants p55alpha and p50alpha was disrupted. Most p85alpha-p55alpha-p50alpha-/- mice die within days after birth. Lymphocyte development and function was studied with the use of the RAG2-deficient blastocyst complementation system. Chimeric mice had reduced numbers of peripheral mature B cells and decreased serum immunoglobulin. The B cells that developed had diminished proliferative responses to antibody to immunoglobulin M, antibody to CD40, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation and decreased survival after incubation with interleukin-4. In contrast, T cell development and proliferation was normal. This phenotype is similar to defects observed in mice lacking the tyrosine kinase Btk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fruman, D A -- Snapper, S B -- Yballe, C M -- Davidson, L -- Yu, J Y -- Alt, F W -- Cantley, L C -- R01 GM041890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):393-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dfruman@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD45/analysis ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/*immunology ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Cycle ; Chimera ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/enzymology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Strontianite in coral skeletal aragonite (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-07
    Description: An x-ray spectroscopic study of scleractinian coral skeletons indicated that, although some strontium substitutes for calcium in the aragonite structure, at concentrations of about 7500 parts per million, as much as 40 percent of the strontium resides in strontianite (SrCO3). A doublet peak in the Fourier transform of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure of the coral corresponded to six metal and 13 oxygen neighbors surrounding strontium at about 4.05 angstroms in strontium-substituted aragonite and at about 4.21 angstroms in strontianite. Thus, the mechanism of the temperature-sensitive partitioning of strontium between seawater and coral skeleton used for paleothermometry is unexpectedly complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greegor, R B -- Pingitore, N E Jr -- Lytle, F W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 7;275(5305):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boeing Company, Seattle, WA 98124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Carbonates/*analysis ; Cnidaria/*chemistry ; Fourier Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; Strontium/*analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Thymocyte development in the absence of pre-T cell receptor extracellular immunoglobulin domains (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Immature thymocytes express a pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) composed of the TCRbeta chain paired with pre-Talpha. Signals from this receptor are essential for passage of thymocytes through a key developmental checkpoint in the thymus. These signals were efficiently delivered in vivo by a truncated form of the murine pre-TCR that lacked all of its extracellular immunoglobulin domains. De novo expression of the truncated pre-TCR or an intact alphabetaTCR was sufficient to activate characteristic TCR signaling pathways in a T cell line. These findings support the view that recognition of an extracellular ligand is not required for pre-TCR function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irving, B A -- Alt, F W -- Killeen, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):905-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, CD3/analysis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; Jurkat Cells ; Ligands ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Attomole protein characterization by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-30
    Description: Electrospray ionization with an ultralow flow rate (〈/=4 nanoliters per minute) was used to directly couple capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis and identification of biomolecules in mixtures. A Fourier transform mass spectrometer provided full spectra (〉30 kilodaltons) at a resolving power of approximately 60,000 for injections of 0.7 x 10(-18) to 3 x 10(-18) mole of 8- to 29-kilodalton proteins with errors of 〈1 dalton in molecular mass. Using a crude isolate from human blood, a value of 28,780.6 daltons (calculated, 28,780.4 daltons) was measured for carbonic anhydrase, representing 1 percent by weight of the protein in a single red blood cell. Dissociation of molecular ions from 9 x 10(-18) mole of carbonic anhydrase gave nine sequence-specific fragment ions, more data than required for unique retrieval of this enzyme from the protein database.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valaskovic, G A -- Kelleher, N L -- McLafferty, F W -- 08-T2GM07273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM16609/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 30;273(5279):1199-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbonic Anhydrases/*analysis/chemistry ; Cattle ; Cytochrome c Group/analysis/chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Capillary/*methods ; Horses ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins/*analysis/chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Ubiquitins/analysis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Synaptic efficacy enhanced by glial cells in vitro (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: In the developing nervous system, glial cells guide axons to their target areas, but it is unknown whether they help neurons to establish functional synaptic connections. The role of glial cells in synapse formation and function was studied in cultures of purified neurons from the rat central nervous system. In glia-free cultures, retinal ganglion cells formed synapses with normal ultrastructure but displayed little spontaneous synaptic activity and high failure rates in evoked synaptic transmission. In cocultures with neuroglia, the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents were potentiated by 70-fold and 5-fold, respectively, and fewer transmission failures occurred. Glial cells increased the action potential-independent quantal release by 12-fold without affecting neuronal survival. Thus, developing neurons in culture form inefficient synapses that require glial signals to become fully functional.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfrieger, F W -- Barres, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1684-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Sherman Fairchild Science Building, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. fpfrieg@mdc-berlin.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Microglia/physiology ; Neuroglia/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Blocked Ras activation in anergic CD4+ T cells (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-01
    Description: T cell anergy is a state of functional unresponsiveness characterized by the inability to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) upon T cell receptor stimulation. The mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 and ERK-2 and the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein p21ras were found to remain unactivated upon stimulation of anergic murine T helper cell 1 clones. The inability to activate the Ras pathway did not result from a defect in association among Shc, Grb-2, and murine Son of Sevenless, nor from a defect in their tyrosine phosphorylation. This block in Ras activation may lead to defective transactivation at activator protein 1 sites in anergic cells and may enable T cells to shut down IL-2 production selectively during anergy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, P E -- Gajewski, T F -- Fitch, F W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 1;271(5253):1276-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ben May Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/immunology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Clonal Anergy ; Clone Cells ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; *Signal Transduction ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology/metabolism ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The hormonal control of sexual development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J D -- George, F W -- Griffin, J E -- AM03892/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Gonadotropins/physiology ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Mullerian Ducts ; Ovary/embryology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/secretion ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Urogenital System/embryology ; Wolffian Ducts
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Splitting of the circadian rhythm of activity is abolished by unilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-26
    Description: The circadian rhythm of activity in vertebrates often splits into two components after continuous exposure to constant light. This observation suggests that at least two circadian pacemakers underlie the activity rhythm. After unilateral ablation of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei in hamsters, the splitting phenomenon was eliminated and a single rhythm of activity was established. The period of the new circadian activity rhythm different from the periods of the split rhythm and that preceding the split. These results suggest an interaction between the bilaterally paired suprachiasmatic nuclei in the generation of the circadian rhythm of activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickard, G E -- Turek, F W -- HD-09885/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-12622/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K04 HD-00249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1119-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Functional Laterality ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Motor Activity ; Supraoptic Nucleus/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Role for acetylcholine in mediating effects of light on reproduction (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: The length of day, or photoperiod, regulates the annual cycle of reproductive activity in the golden hamster. The inhibitory effects of a short-day photoperiod on testicular function were prevented by nighttime, but not daytime, intraventricular injections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist. Short pulses of light during the night also block short-day induced testicular regression. The findings suggest that acetylcholine may play an important role in the mechanism through which information about the light-dark environment is transferred to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earnest, D J -- Turek, F W -- HD-00249/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-09885/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-12622/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*physiology ; Animals ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; *Light ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; *Reproduction ; Testis/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Insulin elicits ingestion in decerebrate rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Insulin administered to rats reliably elicits ingestion of food. To determine whether the neural mechanisms sufficient to control insulin-elicited ingestion are located in or caudal to the forebrain, decerebrate rats were treated with insulin and ingestive responses were measured. Insulin treatment produced hypoglycemia that was comparable, in magnitude and duration, in control and decerebrate rats. Decerebrate and control rats ingested significantly more sucrose solution while hypoglycemic than while normoglycemic. In contrast, insulin did not augment the water consumption of either group. These data indicate that neural systems caudal to the forebrain are sufficient to control ingestive consummatory behavior through the integration of metabolic signals generated by insulin treatment and taste afferent input from the oropharynx.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn, F W -- Grill, H J -- AM 21397/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH15012/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Brain/*physiology ; Decerebrate State/physiopathology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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