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  • Articles  (103)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (103)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (103)
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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1995-1999  (87)
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  • Computer Science  (103)
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  • Articles  (103)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (103)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: A gene, ATM, that is mutated in the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was identified by positional cloning on chromosome 11q22-23. AT is characterized by cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, chromosomal instability, cancer predisposition, radiation sensitivity, and cell cycle abnormalities. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, with four complementation groups that have been suspected to represent different genes. ATM, which has a transcript of 12 kilobases, was found to be mutated in AT patients from all complementation groups, indicating that it is probably the sole gene responsible for this disorder. A partial ATM complementary DNA clone of 5.9 kilobases encoded a putative protein that is similar to several yeast and mammalian phosphatidylinositol-3' kinases that are involved in mitogenic signal transduction, meiotic recombination, and cell cycle control. The discovery of ATM should enhance understanding of AT and related syndromes and may allow the identification of AT heterozygotes, who are at increased risk of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savitsky, K -- Bar-Shira, A -- Gilad, S -- Rotman, G -- Ziv, Y -- Vanagaite, L -- Tagle, D A -- Smith, S -- Uziel, T -- Sfez, S -- Ashkenazi, M -- Pecker, I -- Frydman, M -- Harnik, R -- Patanjali, S R -- Simmons, A -- Clines, G A -- Sartiel, A -- Gatti, R A -- Chessa, L -- Sanal, O -- Lavin, M F -- Jaspers, N G -- Taylor, A M -- Arlett, C F -- Miki, T -- Weissman, S M -- Lovett, M -- Collins, F S -- Shiloh, Y -- HG00882/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- NS31763/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/*genetics ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Radiation Tolerance ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is an early and critical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta generation depends on proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two unknown proteases: beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. These proteases are prime therapeutic targets. A transmembrane aspartic protease with all the known characteristics of beta-secretase was cloned and characterized. Overexpression of this protease, termed BACE (for beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme) increased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and these were cleaved exactly and only at known beta-secretase positions. Antisense inhibition of endogenous BACE messenger RNA decreased the amount of beta-secretase cleavage products, and purified BACE protein cleaved APP-derived substrates with the same sequence specificity as beta-secretase. Finally, the expression pattern and subcellular localization of BACE were consistent with that expected for beta-secretase. Future development of BACE inhibitors may prove beneficial for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vassar, R -- Bennett, B D -- Babu-Khan, S -- Kahn, S -- Mendiaz, E A -- Denis, P -- Teplow, D B -- Ross, S -- Amarante, P -- Loeloff, R -- Luo, Y -- Fisher, S -- Fuller, J -- Edenson, S -- Lile, J -- Jarosinski, M A -- Biere, A L -- Curran, E -- Burgess, T -- Louis, J C -- Collins, F -- Treanor, J -- Rogers, G -- Citron, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):735-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, M/S 29-2-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy/*enzymology ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*biosynthesis ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endopeptidases ; Endosomes/enzymology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Peptides/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Motilin is a 22-amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other species. It affects gastric motility by stimulating interdigestive antrum and duodenal contractions. A heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor for motilin was isolated from human stomach, and its amino acid sequence was found to be 52 percent identical to the human receptor for growth hormone secretagogues. The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin also interacted with the cloned motilin receptor, providing a molecular basis for its effects on the human GI tract. The motilin receptor is expressed in enteric neurons of the human duodenum and colon. Development of motilin receptor agonists and antagonists may be useful in the treatment of multiple disorders of GI motility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feighner, S D -- Tan, C P -- McKee, K K -- Palyha, O C -- Hreniuk, D L -- Pong, S S -- Austin, C P -- Figueroa, D -- MacNeil, D -- Cascieri, M A -- Nargund, R -- Bakshi, R -- Abramovitz, M -- Stocco, R -- Kargman, S -- O'Neill, G -- Van Der Ploeg, L H -- Evans, J -- Patchett, A A -- Smith, R G -- Howard, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Building RY-80Y-265, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colon/*metabolism ; Erythromycin/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestine, Small/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motilin/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Stomach/*metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-09-04
    Description: Cyanobacteria are the simplest organisms known to have a circadian clock. A circadian clock gene cluster kaiABC was cloned from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. Nineteen clock mutations were mapped to the three kai genes. Promoter activities upstream of the kaiA and kaiB genes showed circadian rhythms of expression, and both kaiA and kaiBC messenger RNAs displayed circadian cycling. Inactivation of any single kai gene abolished these rhythms and reduced kaiBC-promoter activity. Continuous kaiC overexpression repressed the kaiBC promoter, whereas kaiA overexpression enhanced it. Temporal kaiC overexpression reset the phase of the rhythms. Thus, a negative feedback control of kaiC expression by KaiC generates a circadian oscillation in cyanobacteria, and KaiA sustains the oscillation by enhancing kaiC expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishiura, M -- Kutsuna, S -- Aoki, S -- Iwasaki, H -- Andersson, C R -- Tanabe, A -- Golden, S S -- Johnson, C H -- Kondo, T -- MH01179/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1519-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. ishiura@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Biological Clocks/*genetics ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyanobacteria/*genetics/physiology ; Feedback ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Reporter ; Luminescence ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: An RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. Extension from an immunoreactive complementary DNA clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. The virus is closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C) and distantly related to hepatitis C virus, GBV-A, and GBV-B. HGV was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. Persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hepatitis. The virus is transfusion-transmissible. It has a global distribution and is present within the volunteer blood donor population in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, J -- Wages, J Jr -- Zhang-Keck, Z Y -- Fry, K E -- Krawczynski, K Z -- Alter, H -- Koonin, E -- Gallagher, M -- Alter, M -- Hadziyannis, S -- Karayiannis, P -- Fung, K -- Nakatsuji, Y -- Shih, J W -- Young, L -- Piatak, M Jr -- Hoover, C -- Fernandez, J -- Chen, S -- Zou, J C -- Morris, T -- Hyams, K C -- Ismay, S -- Lifson, J D -- Hess, G -- Foung, S K -- Thomas, H -- Bradley, D -- Margolis, H -- Kim, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; Chronic Disease ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Flaviviridae/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Viral/blood/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; United States/epidemiology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viremia/epidemiology/virology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Photoperiodic responses in plants include flowering that is day-length-dependent. Mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana GIGANTEA (GI) gene cause photoperiod-insensitive flowering and alteration of circadian rhythms. The GI gene encodes a protein containing six putative transmembrane domains. Circadian expression patterns of the GI gene and the clock-associated genes, LHY and CCA1, are altered in gi mutants, showing that GI is required for maintaining circadian amplitude and appropriate period length of these genes. The gi-1 mutation also affects light signaling to the clock, which suggests that GI participates in a feedback loop of the plant circadian system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, D H -- Somers, D E -- Kim, Y S -- Choy, Y H -- Lim, H K -- Soh, M S -- Kim, H J -- Kay, S A -- Nam, H G -- GM56006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1579-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/*physiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Darkness ; Feedback ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Genes, Plant ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Photoperiod ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Plant Structures/physiology ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Acetylenic bonds are present in more than 600 naturally occurring compounds. Plant enzymes that catalyze the formation of the Delta12 acetylenic bond in 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid and the Delta12 epoxy group in 12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid were characterized, and two genes, similar in sequence, were cloned. When these complementary DNAs were expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the content of acetylenic or epoxidated fatty acids in the seeds increased from 0 to 25 or 15 percent, respectively. Both enzymes have characteristics similar to the membrane proteins containing non-heme iron that have histidine-rich motifs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M -- Lenman, M -- Banas, A -- Bafor, M -- Singh, S -- Schweizer, M -- Nilsson, R -- Liljenberg, C -- Dahlqvist, A -- Gummeson, P O -- Sjodahl, S -- Green, A -- Stymne, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):915-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Svalov-Weibull AB, S-268 81 Svalov, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9572738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene/metabolism ; Alkynes ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Asteraceae/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Epoxy Compounds/chemical synthesis ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Iron/analysis ; Linoleic Acid/metabolism ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NAD/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Oleic Acids/*biosynthesis/chemical synthesis ; *Oxidoreductases ; *Plant Proteins ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Seeds/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisonpierre, P C -- Suri, C -- Jones, P F -- Bartunkova, S -- Wiegand, S J -- Radziejewski, C -- Compton, D -- McClain, J -- Aldrich, T H -- Papadopoulos, N -- Daly, T J -- Davis, S -- Sato, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):55-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/embryology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1997-09-05
    Description: DNA in amounts representative of hundreds of eukaryotic genomes was extended on silanized surfaces by dynamic molecular combing. The precise measurement of hybridized DNA probes was achieved directly without requiring normalization. This approach was validated with the high-resolution mapping of cosmid contigs on a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) within yeast genomic DNA. It was extended to human genomic DNA for precise measurements ranging from 7 to 150 kilobases, of gaps within a contig, and of microdeletions in the tuberous sclerosis 2 gene on patients' DNA. The simplicity, reproducibility, and precision of this approach makes it a powerful tool for a variety of genomic studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michalet, X -- Ekong, R -- Fougerousse, F -- Rousseaux, S -- Schurra, C -- Hornigold, N -- van Slegtenhorst, M -- Wolfe, J -- Povey, S -- Beckmann, J S -- Bensimon, A -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1518-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biophysique de l'ADN, Departement des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calpain/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping/*methods ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cosmids ; DNA Probes ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; *Genetic Techniques ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; *Muscle Proteins ; Muscular Dystrophies/genetics ; Mutation ; Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Deletion ; Silanes ; Tuberous Sclerosis/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: Eukaryotic chromosomes are capped with repetitive telomere sequences that protect the ends from damage and rearrangements. Telomere repeats are synthesized by telomerase, a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein complex. Here, the cloning of the RNA component of human telomerase, termed hTR, is described. The template region of hTR encompasses 11 nucleotides (5'-CUAACCCUAAC) complementary to the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n. Germline tissues and tumor cell lines expressed more hTR than normal somatic cells and tissues, which have no detectable telomerase activity. Human cell lines that expressed hTR mutated in the template region generated the predicted mutant telomerase activity. HeLa cells transfected with an antisense hTR lost telomeric DNA and began to die after 23 to 26 doublings. Thus, human telomerase is a critical enzyme for the long-term proliferation of immortal tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, J -- Funk, W D -- Wang, S S -- Weinrich, S L -- Avilion, A A -- Chiu, C P -- Adams, R R -- Chang, E -- Allsopp, R C -- Yu, J -- AG09383/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Death ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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