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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (5)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2)
  • Cosmic Dust  (1)
  • Joule–Thomson inversion curves
  • PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: Images of comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) taken during its close approach to Earth show differences in the distribution of gas and dust in the inner coma and reveal two arc-shaped molecular resonant emission features. The morphology of these features, as well as the apparent decoupling gas from dust in the inner coma, suggest that an extended region of icy grains surrounds the nucleus of Hyakutake and contributes substantially to the production of volatiles. Model simulations suggest the same conclusion and indicate that the brighter arc is explainable by the presence of a trailing condensation of ice-bearing granules with a rate of volatile production approximately 23 percent of that of the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, W M -- Combi, M R -- Honeycutt, R K -- Mueller, B E -- Scherb, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):676-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Astronomy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA. wharris@sal.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; *Gases ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: Joule–Thomson inversion curves ; Lennard–Jones fluid ; molecular simulations ; Monte Carlo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method to determine Joule–Thomson inversion curves, using isobaric-isothermal Monte Carlo molecular simulations, is presented. The usual experimental practice to obtain the locus of points in which the isenthalpic derivative of temperature with respect to pressure vanishes is to process volumetric data by means of thermodynamic relations. This experimental procedure requires the very precise measurement of volumetric properties at conditions up to five times the fluid's critical temperature and twelve times its critical pressure. These harsh experimental conditions have hindered the publication of data for even simple fluids and mixtures. By using molecular simulation, these problems may be circumvented, since the computational effort is roughly independent of the actual value of the pressure or the temperature. In general, Joule–Thomson inversion curves obtained by molecular simulation may be used either as an unambiguous test for equations of state in the supercritical and high-pressure regions or for the prediction of real fluid behavior, should the potential be well known. Both applications are exemplified for a Lennard-Jones fluid for which the complete inversion curve is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrafeine ZrO2 - Pulver durch Laserverdampfung: Herstellung und EigenschaftenUltrafeine oxidische Pulver werden durch Co2-Laserverdampfung aus grobem ZrO2-Pulver oder kompakten ZrO2-Stangen hergestellt.Die 10.6 μm-Strahlung im Leistungsbereich von 1 bis 4 kW wird durch einen quergeströmten CO2-Laser erzeugt, der in cw-und Pw-Betrieb arbeitet.Die Verdampfungsrate ist abhängig von der relativen Lage der Fokalebene zur Oberfläche des ZrO2-Pulvers, der Laserintensität und der eingekoppelten Energie.Bei einer Laserintensität von 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 erreicht man eine optimale Verdampfungsrate von 130 g · h-1 (cw-Betrieb des Lasers).Das hergestellte Pulver besteht aus sphärischen Partikeln; deren Durchmesser variiert im Bereich von 5 bis 200 nm und kann durch die Verfahrensparameter beeinflußt werden. Die spezifische Oberfläche ist einstellbar von 10 bis 30 m2 · g-1.Das Pulver aus unstabilisiertem Zirkonium besitzt einen sehr hohen Anteil tetragonaler Phase. Im Fall von chemisch stabilisiertem Zirkonium kann sich die Zusammensetzung während des Verdampfungsprozesses und der Rekondensation ändern.
    Notes: Ultrafine oxide powders were produced by CO2 laser evaporation of coarse ZrO2 powder or compact stabilized ZrO2 materialThe 10.6μm radiation in the power range 1-4kW was generated by a transversal flow Co2 laser which can oscillate in cw and pw operationThe vaporization rate depends on the relative position of the focal plane to the surface of the ZrO2 powder, the laser intensity and the supplied energy input.At a laser intensity of 4.2 · 105 Wcm-2 the optimum vaporization rate is 130 g · h-1 (cw-operation of the laser).The produced powders consist of spherical particles; their diameters vary in the range from 5 to 200 nm can be controlled by the process conditions. The surface area (BET) is adjustable from 10 to 30 m2 · g-1.The powders of unstabilized zirconia show an unusual high content of the tetragonal phase. In case of chemically stabilized zirconia the composition can change during the process of evaporation and recondensation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 354-358 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 254-257 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement of three-dimensional residual stresses at rolled bars with high hardnessBars out of 56 Ni Cr Mo V 7, a diameter of 63 mm and a length of 100 mm were rolled with a force of 12 kN and 27 kN. The hardness of the bars was 2150 N/mm2. In 8 different direction along the surface the residual stresses were determined with the help of x-ray diffraction. This was done several times after electrolytic reduction of the material at the measuring zone to get a stress profile in dependence of the depth. Afterwards in two dimensions along the surface and perpendicular to the surface the residual stresses inclusive the shear stresses were determined. High compressive residual stresses were along the surface, but therefore tensile residual stresses were perpendicular to the surface at a zone of around 1.5 mm depth. A comparison of the residual stresses with stresses induced by shot peening is done.
    Notes: Bei der Bestimmung der 3dimensionalen Eigenspannungszustände zeigt sich, daß die einzelnen Eigenspannungsverläufe miteinander korrespondieren. Die Druckeigenspannungsbereich reicht beim Festwalzen bis in eine Tiefe von 2 mm, wobei sich ein Druckeigenspannungsplateau im Bereich ab 0,5 mm Tiefe für mehre Zehntel Millimeter ausbildet. Bei F=27 kN sind die Effekte entsprechend ausgeprägter. Im Vergleich zum Festwalzen ist beim Kugelstrahlen die Druckeigenspannung im Bereich bis 0.5 mm Tiefe zu finden.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 17 (1986), S. 120-126 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Creep Behaviour of a X 20 CrMoV 12 1 Bend, Fabricated by an Inductive Pipe Bending MachineA bend with a bend radius of 1700 mm -350 mm outer diameter and 25 mm wall thickness - of a X 20 CrMo V 12 1 steel, fabricated by an inductive pipe bending machine at 1050-900 °C deformation temperature was investigated. Heat treatment after fabrication: air cooling from 1050 °C, following a 2 hour annealing at 770 °C with air cooling. In addition to the usual mechanical and technological tests at ambient temperature and 530 °C, creep tests were conducted at 530 °C with unnotched and notched specimens. For comparison a straight pipe with the same dimensions was proofed, too.
    Notes: Ein Rohrbogen mit einem Biegeradius von 1700 mm - bei einem Rohraußendurchmesser von 350 mm und einer Wanddicke von etwa 25 mm - wurde aus dem warmfesten Röhrenstahl X 20 CrMo V 12 1, W.-Nr. 1.4922, nach dem Induktivbiegeverfahren bei einer Verformungstemperatur von 1050 bis 900 °C hergestellt. Die nachfolgende Wärmebehandlung erfolgte bei 1050 °C/Luft + 770 °C/2 h/Luft.Neben den üblichen mechanischen und mechanisch-technologischen Untersuchungen bei Raumtemperatur und bei 530 °C wurden auch Zeitstandversuche mit glatten und gekerbten Proben bei 530 °C durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich wurde auch ein gerades Rohr mit den gleichen Abmessungen zur Prüfung herangezogen.Alle ermittelten Werte entsprechen den Gewährleistungswerten. Rohrbogen und Rohr weisen auch nach langer Laufzeit noch hohe Werte der Duktilität auf.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 549-556 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Reduction of Residual Stresses at stress peened Torsion Bars under dynamic Load
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfonamides with Heterocyclic Substituents as Extractants for Copper(II)With 2-picolylbenzenesulfonamide (N2NHO2SC6H5) as a model of the technical extractant LIX 34, the influence of functional variations on the extraction of copper(II) is studied and estimated by a comparison of the pH1/2 values.The relation pH1/2∼-σp is observed for extractants with substituents in p-position of the benzene ring. Turning to 2-pyridylethylbenzenesulfonamide, which forms six-membered rings, an increase of pH1/2 is observed. But no direct comparison is possible with 2-pyridylbenzenesulfonamide as the copper(II) complexes are dimeric having a structure analogous to copper(II) acetate. The substitution of the methylene group by an SO2-(PSA—H) or an NH-residue (PTSH—H) is connected with an with an increase of pH1/2 in the first case, but a decrease of pH1/2 in the second one (7,25 and 2,70). The application of PTSH—H as an extractant for copper(II) is confined by a slow redox reaction with this ion.π-electron delocalization within the chelate rings, which are derived from sulfonylhydrazones of heterocyclic ketones, is a factor which, in general, improves the extraction properties.There is a strong differentiation of PH1/2 (APSH—H 1,4; BBSH—H 6,9). An increase of the tetrahedral distortion of the chromophore CuN4, as it is indicated by ESR, measurements, is connected with a decrease of pH1/2.The benzenesulfonyl group influences the copper(II) extraction by bidentate nitrogen containing ligands in a twofold may: The protonation of the pyridyl and also that of other heterocyclic residues is rendered more difficult, but NH-acidity is increased. Some of the new extractants (APSH—H, BPSH—H) are as active as LIX reagents.
    Notes: Am Beispiel von 2-Picolylbenzensulfonamid (N2NHO2SC6H5), einem Modell des technischen Extraktanten LIX 34, wird der Einfluß funktioneller Veränderungen auf das Extraktionsverhalten gegenüber Kupfer(II) untersucht und zur Beurteilung der pH1/2 herangezogen.Bei Einführung von p-Substituenten am Benzenring erweist sich pH1/2∼-σp. Der übergang zu 2-Pyridylethylbenzensulfonamid (N3NHO2SC6H5), einem Sechsringbildner, ist mit einer Erhöhung von pH1/2 verbunden. Dagegen ist kein unmittelbarer Vergleich mit dem potentiellen Vierringbildner 2-Pyridylbenzensulfonamid möglich, weil die gebildeten Kupfer(II)-Komplexe eine dem Kupfer(II)-acetat analoge dimere Struktur haben.Die Substitution der Methylengruppe von N2NHO2SC6H5 durch einen SO2—(PSA—H) oder NH-Rest (PTSH—H) führt im ersten Fall zu einer Erhöhung, im zweiten zu einer Erniedrigung von pH1/2 (7,25 bzw. 2,70). Gegen den Einsatz von PTSH—H als Extraktionsmittel spricht eine langsame Redoxreaktion mit Kupfer(II).Die π-Elektronendelokalisierung in den Chelatringen, die sich von Sulfonylhydrazonen heterocyclischer Ketone ableiten, ist ein Faktor, der das Extraktionsverhalten im allgemeinen verbessert. Man findet eine starke Abstufung von pH1/2 (APSH—H 1,4; BBSH—H 6,9); der Wert sinkt mit wachsender tetraedrischer Verzerrung der ZKE CuN4 (Bestimmung durch ESR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen).Die Benzensulfonylgruppierung beeinflußt die Kupfer(II)-Extraktion mit zweizähligen stickstoffhaltigen Liganden in zweierlei Weise: Die Protonierung von Pyridin- und anderen heterocyclischen Stickstoffatomen wird erschwert, die NH-Acidität erhöht. Einige der untersuchten Extraktanten (APSH—H, BPSH—H) sind in ihrer Wirksamkeit mit den LIX-Reagenzien zu vergleichen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 382 (1971), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The chelate formation between Fe3+ and 4.5-dibromopyrocatechol-3.6-disulfonic acid in aqueous solution has been investigated spectrophotometrically. The stability constants and the light absorption properties of the chelates are communicated.Compared with the bromine-free tiron, the ∊ values increase and the λmax positions are shifted bathochromically on halogenation. However, due to the changed position of the sulfo groups, the bond-weakening effect of the halogen substituents is covered, leading to a distinct increase of pKS1, but to only slight alterations of all the other constants. Poor solubility and accessability of the chelating reagent hinder its application in analysis.
    Notes: Die Chelatbildung zwischen Eisen(III)-Ionen und 4,5-Dibrombrenzcatechin-disulfonsäure(3,6) wurde spektralphotometrisch in wäßriger Lösung untersucht und die Stabilitätskonstanten sowie die Lichtabsorptionseigenschaften der Chelate mitgeteilt.Die Halogenierung hat im Vergleich mit Tiron die Folge, daß die ∊-Werte erhöht und die Λmax-Werte bathochrom verschoben werden. Durch die gleichzeitig veränderte Stellung der Sulfogruppen wird aber die bindungslockernde Wirkung der Halogensubstituenten überdeckt, so daß der pKS1-Wert deutlich erhöht, alle anderen Konstanten aber nur wenig verändert werden. Schlechte Löslichkeit und Zugänglichkeit des Reagens erschweren den analytischen Einsatz.
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Field adsorption of inert gas atoms at metal surface from variational calculation
    Keywords: PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Type: ; - ASTRONOMY 1969- TE
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