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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: Images of comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) taken during its close approach to Earth show differences in the distribution of gas and dust in the inner coma and reveal two arc-shaped molecular resonant emission features. The morphology of these features, as well as the apparent decoupling gas from dust in the inner coma, suggest that an extended region of icy grains surrounds the nucleus of Hyakutake and contributes substantially to the production of volatiles. Model simulations suggest the same conclusion and indicate that the brighter arc is explainable by the presence of a trailing condensation of ice-bearing granules with a rate of volatile production approximately 23 percent of that of the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, W M -- Combi, M R -- Honeycutt, R K -- Mueller, B E -- Scherb, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):676-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Astronomy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA. wharris@sal.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; *Gases ; Ice ; *Meteoroids ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meech, K J -- Ageorges, N -- A'Hearn, M F -- Arpigny, C -- Ates, A -- Aycock, J -- Bagnulo, S -- Bailey, J -- Barber, R -- Barrera, L -- Barrena, R -- Bauer, J M -- Belton, M J S -- Bensch, F -- Bhattacharya, B -- Biver, N -- Blake, G -- Bockelee-Morvan, D -- Boehnhardt, H -- Bonev, B P -- Bonev, T -- Buie, M W -- Burton, M G -- Butner, H M -- Cabanac, R -- Campbell, R -- Campins, H -- Capria, M T -- Carroll, T -- Chaffee, F -- Charnley, S B -- Cleis, R -- Coates, A -- Cochran, A -- Colom, P -- Conrad, A -- Coulson, I M -- Crovisier, J -- deBuizer, J -- Dekany, R -- de Leon, J -- Dello Russo, N -- Delsanti, A -- DiSanti, M -- Drummond, J -- Dundon, L -- Etzel, P B -- Farnham, T L -- Feldman, P -- Fernandez, Y R -- Filipovic, M D -- Fisher, S -- Fitzsimmons, A -- Fong, D -- Fugate, R -- Fujiwara, H -- Fujiyoshi, T -- Furusho, R -- Fuse, T -- Gibb, E -- Groussin, O -- Gulkis, S -- Gurwell, M -- Hadamcik, E -- Hainaut, O -- Harker, D -- Harrington, D -- Harwit, M -- Hasegawa, S -- Hergenrother, C W -- Hirst, P -- Hodapp, K -- Honda, M -- Howell, E S -- Hutsemekers, D -- Iono, D -- Ip, W-H -- Jackson, W -- Jehin, E -- Jiang, Z J -- Jones, G H -- Jones, P A -- Kadono, T -- Kamath, U W -- Kaufl, H U -- Kasuga, T -- Kawakita, H -- Kelley, M S -- Kerber, F -- Kidger, M -- Kinoshita, D -- Knight, M -- Lara, L -- Larson, S M -- Lederer, S -- Lee, C-F -- Levasseur-Regourd, A C -- Li, J Y -- Li, Q-S -- Licandro, J -- Lin, Z-Y -- Lisse, C M -- LoCurto, G -- Lovell, A J -- Lowry, S C -- Lyke, J -- Lynch, D -- Ma, J -- Magee-Sauer, K -- Maheswar, G -- Manfroid, J -- Marco, O -- Martin, P -- Melnick, G -- Miller, S -- Miyata, T -- Moriarty-Schieven, G H -- Moskovitz, N -- Mueller, B E A -- Mumma, M J -- Muneer, S -- Neufeld, D A -- Ootsubo, T -- Osip, D -- Pandea, S K -- Pantin, E -- Paterno-Mahler, R -- Patten, B -- Penprase, B E -- Peck, A -- Petitas, G -- Pinilla-Alonso, N -- Pittichova, J -- Pompei, E -- Prabhu, T P -- Qi, C -- Rao, R -- Rauer, H -- Reitsema, H -- Rodgers, S D -- Rodriguez, P -- Ruane, R -- Ruch, G -- Rujopakarn, W -- Sahu, D K -- Sako, S -- Sakon, I -- Samarasinha, N -- Sarkissian, J M -- Saviane, I -- Schirmer, M -- Schultz, P -- Schulz, R -- Seitzer, P -- Sekiguchi, T -- Selman, F -- Serra-Ricart, M -- Sharp, R -- Snell, R L -- Snodgrass, C -- Stallard, T -- Stecklein, G -- Sterken, C -- Stuwe, J A -- Sugita, S -- Sumner, M -- Suntzeff, N -- Swaters, R -- Takakuwa, S -- Takato, N -- Thomas-Osip, J -- Thompson, E -- Tokunaga, A T -- Tozzi, G P -- Tran, H -- Troy, M -- Trujillo, C -- Van Cleve, J -- Vasundhara, R -- Vazquez, R -- Vilas, F -- Villanueva, G -- von Braun, K -- Vora, P -- Wainscoat, R J -- Walsh, K -- Watanabe, J -- Weaver, H A -- Weaver, W -- Weiler, M -- Weissman, P R -- Welsh, W F -- Wilner, D -- Wolk, S -- Womack, M -- Wooden, D -- Woodney, L M -- Woodward, C -- Wu, Z-Y -- Wu, J-H -- Yamashita, T -- Yang, B -- Yang, Y-B -- Yokogawa, S -- Zook, A C -- Zauderer, A -- Zhao, X -- Zhou, X -- Zucconi, J-M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):265-9. Epub 2005 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; Jupiter ; *Meteoroids ; Organic Chemicals ; Photometry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 21 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Die Cystenwandfeinstruktur der cystenbildenden Coccidien Sarcocystis tenella, Besnoitia jellisoni, Frenkelia sp. und Toxoplasma gondii wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei S. tenella ist der die Parasiten beher-bergende innere Teil der Cyste von einer etwa 25 nm dicken elektronendichten Schicht umgeben. Diese deuten wir als veränderte Elementarmembran (unit membrane) und nennen sie hier Primärhülle. Sie zeigt gleichmäßig verteilte vesikelförmige Invaginationen zur inneren Cystengrundsubstanz hin, die zahlreiche Septen bildet. Die stark granulierte Cysten-grundsubstanz enthält die Parasitenstadien und an der Peripherie unregelmäßig angeordnete, degenerierende Muskelfibrillen. An die stark aufgefaltete Primärhülle schließen sich nach außen eine Zone degenerierter Muskelzellen und lamelläres Cytoplasma an. Diese beiden Schichten werden unter dem Namen Sekundärhülle zusammengefaßt. Bei B. jellisoni liegen die Merozoiten in einer parasitophoren Vakuole, die zur Wirtszelle hin von einer Elementarmembran begrenzt wird. Diese Membran bildet kleine Invaginationen zur Vakuole hin aus. An die Wirtszelle schließt sich eine extrazelluläre Zone mit fädiger Struktur an, die eine Dicke bis zu 15 μm erreichen kann. Bei Frenkelia sp. besteht die 25 nm dicke Primärhülle aus einer Elementarmembran mit darunterliegenden osmiophilen Schollen. Invaginationen zur Cystengrundsubstanz hin. die wie bei S. tenella Septen bildet, treten nur an Stellen auf, an denen diese Schollen fehlen. Eine Sekundärhülle wird nicht ausgebildet. Die Primärhülle grenzt direkt an benachbarte Gehirnzellen. Anders als bei den übrigen Arten konnten an Cysten von T. gondii die Altersunterschiede gezeigt werden. In jungen Cysten formt die Wirtszelle eine parasitophore Vakuole mit Merozoiten. Ähnlich wie bei B. jellisoni bildet die Elementarmembran dieser Vakuole kleine Invaginationen aus. In älteren Cysten liegen die Merozoiten in einer elektronenlichten Cystengrundsubstanz, die an der Peripherie zu einer dunklen Schicht verdickt ist. An diese Schicht schließt sich eine Primärhülle ähnlicher Struktur wie bei Frenkelia sp. an. Die Entstehung der Cysten von S. tenella, Frenkelia sp. und T. gondii aus degenerierenden Wirtszellen wird diskutiert. Während diese Entwicklung für T. gondii direkt gezeigt werden konnte, wird bei S. tenella das Auftreten von degenerierten Muskelfibrillen innerhalb der Primärhülle als Hinweis auf eine entsprechende Entwicklung gedeutet. Die Cysten von B. jellisoni weichen von den übrigen Arten dahingehend ab, daß keine Primärhülle gebildet wird. Vielmehr bleibt die Wirtszelle mit der parasitophoren Vakuole als intakte Einheit erhalten. Aus diesem Grund könnte die Cyste von B. jellisoni als “Pseudocyste” bezeichnet werden.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SYNOPSISThe cyst wall of the cyst-forming sporozoa Sarcocystis tenella, Besnoitia jellisoni, Frenkelia sp., and Toxoplasma gondii was investigated by electron microscopy. In S. tenella, the inner part of the cyst containing the parasites is surrounded by an electron-dense layer ∼25 nm wide referred to as the primary wall (“Primärhülle”), This wall has regularly arranged vesicle-like invaginations into the inner ground substance (“Cystengrundsubstanz”) which forms several septa separating groups of parasites. These septa are not limited by a unit membrane. In close contact with the heavily folded primary wall is a zone of altered muscle cells surrounded by a lamellar cytoplasm. Both layers, muscle cells and the lamellar zone, form the secondary wall (“Sekundärhülle”).In B. jellisoni, the merozoites lie inside a parasitophorous vacuole which is separated from the surrounding host cell cytoplasm by a unit membrane. Small tubular invaginations into the vacuole are formed by this membrane. The considerably enlarged host cell is surrounded by an extracellular zone which contains filamentous material and can reach a 15 μm thickness in the largest cysts observed.In Frenkelia sp., the primary wall, 25 nm wide, consists of a unit membrane with closely underlying osmiophilic plaques. Invaginations into the granular ground substance of the cyst are present in the areas devoid of plaques. Several small septa are formed by the granular material; as in S. tenella, they are not limited by a unit membrane. The primary wall is in direct contact with the living cytoplasm of the adjacent brain cells. A secondary wall was not observed.Cysts of T. gondii are the only ones in which age differences can be distinguished. In younger cysts, a parasitophorous vacuole containing the merozoites is formed by the host cell. The membrane of the vacuole has small tubular invaginations, as in B. jellisoni. In older cysts, merozoites are embedded in an electron-translucent ground substance which is condensed into a dark peripheral layer underlining the inside of the primary wall. As in Frenkelia sp., the primary wall, 25 nm wide, consists of a unit membrane with underlying osmiophilic material.The cysts of S. tenella, Frenkelia sp., and T. gondii are considered to have developed from the host cell. The unit membrane part of the primary wall is thought to be derived from the cell membranes of the living cells surrounding the host cell, and the electron-dense part of the primary wall from the degenerated cell membrane of the host cell. This interpretation is based on the finding of young Toxoplasma cysts which consist of a host cell with a parasitophorous vacuole and on the presence of degenerated muscle fibrils inside the primary wall of S. tenella. The secondary wall consists of adjacent cells in which some of their fine structural changes are evident.In B. jellisoni, even large cysts are composed of a host cell with a parasitophorous vacuole, and no primary wall is formed. Therefore, the cyst of B. jellisoni could be interpreted as a “pseudocyst,” corresponding to the “pseudocyst” of intracellular stages of T. gondii.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 lists the semimajor axis (a), eccentricity (e), inclination (/), perihelion (q), aphelion (〈2), absolute magnitude (//), and diameter (d) for all of the small asteroids with H 〉 25.0 (d 50 m) that have been detected with the Spacewatch telescope (we will refer to these as the small ...
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  • 5
  • 6
    Publication Date: 1993-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: In January 1991, the 0.9-m Spacewatch telescope made the first observation of an asteroid outside Earth's atmosphere but in the neighborhood of the Earth-moon system. Since then, more than 40 Earth-approaching asteroids have been discovered, including 13 smaller than 50 m. Using these data, one of us has shown that there is an excess of Earth-approaching asteroids with diameters less than 50 m, relative to the population inferred from the distribution of larger objects. Here we argue that these smaller objects - characterized by low eccentricities, widely ranging inclinations and unusual spectral properties - form a previously undetected asteroid belt concentrated near Earth. The recent discovery of additional small Earth-approaching asteroids supports this conclusion.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 363; 6431; p. 704-706.
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-10-14
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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