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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometry for monitoring contaminant exposure in black-crowned night-herons (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The flow cytometry method (FCM) was employed to determine cellular DNA content of black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) embryos and 10-day-old chicks collected at sites differing in types of chemical contamination. The coefficient of variation of DNA content (CV) in blood collected from embryos suggested cytogenetic damage at a site in Louisiana known to be contaminated with petroleum. Blood CV from chicks suggested genetic damage at a site in Texas also known to be contaminated with petroleum. Spleen CVs in chicks were significantly lower than respective means from the reference site. The CVs of chick blood and liver and spleen negatively correlated, suggesting recovery of spleen and liver cells after exposure to a clastogenic compound. Thus, the lower CVs may also have been indicative of genetic damage. Based on the findings of this study, FCM is a potential indicator of certain environmental contaminants in black-crowned night-herons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appollonius Revisited: Supporting Spheres for Sundered Systems (1997)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 18 (1997), S. 385-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. When C is a ball in ${\Bbb R}^d$ and S is the sphere $\partial C$ , we say that S supports a convex body B if S intersects B and either $B\subseteq C$ (then S is a far support) or the interior of C is disjoint from B (then S is a near support). The focus here is on common supports for a system $\cal B$ of d+1 bodies in ${\Bbb R}^d$ such that for each way of selecting a point from each member of ${\cal B}$ , the selected points are affinely independent and hence form the vertex-set of a d-simplex. The main result asserts that if $({\cal B}',{\cal B}'')$ is an arbitrary partition of ${\cal B}$ , then there exists a unique Euclidean sphere that is simultaneously a near support for each member of ${\cal B}'$ and a far support for each member of ${\cal B}''$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009324
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The different ways of stabbing disjoint convex sets (1992)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 7 (1992), S. 197-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We construct a family ofn disjoint convex set in ℝ d having (n/(d−1)) d−1 geometric permutations. As well, we complete the enumeration problem for geometric permutations of families of disjoint translates of a convex set in the plane, settle the case for cubes in ℝ d , and construct a family ofd+1 translates in ℝ d admitting (d+1)!/2 geometric permutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187836
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible geothermal resources in the Coast Plutonic Complex of southern British Columbia, Canada (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 172-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Coast Plutonic Complex ; Quaternary volcanism ; Plate tectonics ; Heat flow ; Heat production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In southern British Columbia the terrestrial heat flow is low (44 mW m−2) to the west of the Coast Plutonic Complex (CPC), average in CPC (50–60 mW m−2),and high to the east(80–90 mW m−2). The average heat flow in CPC and the low heat generation (less than 1 μW m−3) indicate that a relatively large amount of heat flows upwards into the crust which is generally quite cool. Until two million years ago the Explorer plate underthrust this part of the American plate, carrying crustal material into the mantle. Melted crustal rocks have produced the inland Pemberton and Garibaldi volcanic belts in the CPC. Meager Mountain, a volcanic complex in the CPC 150 km north of Vancouver, is a possible geothermal energy resource. It is the product of intermittent activity over a period of 4 My, the most recent eruption being the Bridge River Ash 2440 y B.P. The original explosive eruption produced extensive fracturing in the granitic basement, and a basal explosion breccia from the surface of a cold brittle crust. This breccia may be a geothermal reservoir. Other volcanic complexes in the CPC have a similar potential for geothermal energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879744
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A saint-venant principle for the gradient in the Neumann problem (1975)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 26 (1975), S. 141-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter Benutzung des Maximumprinzips für subharmonische Funktionen werden obere Schranken angegeben für den Gradienten des Neumannschen Problems der Potential-Theorie. Diese Schranken betreffen einem gekrümmten Streifenbereich mit von Null verschiedenen Grenzdaten an einem Ende und haben zur Folge, dass der Betrag des Gradienten exponentiell mit dem Abstand von diesem Ende abfällt.
    Notes: Abstract The maximum principle for subharmonic functions is used to obtain upper bounds for the gradient in the Neumann problem of potential theory. These bounds, which concern a curvilinear strip domain having nonzero boundary data only on an end, entail an exponential decay of the gradient magnitude with distance from that end.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01591502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial decay estimates for the heat equation via the maximum principle (1976)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 27 (1976), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A l'aide du principe du maximum, on obtient des évaluations pour la décroissance spatiale des solutions de l'équation de la chaleur. Ces résultats ressemblent à ceux d'autres auteurs, qui utilisaient des inégalités pour l'énergie.
    Notes: Abstract Spatial decay estimates for the solution of the heat equation, similar to those obtained by other authors using energy inequalities, are established through use of the maximum principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01590509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by clostridia isolated from a munition-fed bioreactor: comparison with non-adapted bacteria (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 82-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: anaerobic TNT degradation; clostridia; enteric bacteria; lactobacilli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several bacterial strains were examined for their ability to degrade the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The strains examined included various clostridial strains isolated from a 4-year-old munition enrichment, related clostridial strains obtained from a culture collection, two enteric bacteria, and three lactobacilli. All Clostridium species tested were able to reduce TNT rapidly in a complex medium. In cell suspension experiments, these strains were also able to reduce 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (DANT) to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) and to produce a compound that is not yet identified; thus, they could not be distinguished from one another with regard to the pathway of transformation. The enteric strains and the lactobacilli were able to perform the initial reduction of TNT, but none was capable of reducing DANT in cell suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900257
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; TNT; biodegradation; bioremediation; munitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The manufacture and decommissioning of explosives has generated, and continues to generate, large quantities of waste material whose primary toxic and mutagenic component is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The magnitude of this problem has motivated a great deal of research into treatment processes and environmental fate studies, including characterization of microbial transformations of TNT. This work has encompassed studies with mixed cultures and pure cultures of microorganisms derived from either TNT-exposed or unexposed sources, and studies using microorganisms chosen for their known capacities to degrade other pollutants. Several of these studies are discussed with regard to whether they identified a process that may lead to the complete detoxification or mineralization of TNT. Since oxygen can have a significant influence on the types of biochemical reactions that can occur and on the oxidation of intermediates of TNT transformation processes, studies in which oxygen was not excluded are discussed separately from studies conducted under anaerobic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900258
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil sampling and analysis for volatile organic compounds (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 30 (1994), S. 213-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Concerns over data quality have raised many questions related to sampling soils for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This paper was prepared in response to some of these questions and concerns expressed by Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs). The following questions are frequently asked: 1. Is there a specific device suggested for sampling soils for VOCs? 2. Are there significant losses of VOCs when transferring a soil sample from a sampling device (e.g., split spoon) into the sample container? 3. What is the best method for getting the sample from the split spoon (or other device) into the sample container? 4. Are there smaller devices such as subcore samplers available for collecting aliquots from the larger core and efficiently transferring the sample into the sample container? 5. Are certain containers better than others for shipping and storing soil samples for VOC analysis? 6. Are there any reliable preservation procedures for reducing VOC losses from soil samples and for extending holding times? Guidance is provided for selecting the most effective sampling device for collecting samples from soil matrices. The techniques for sample collection, sample handling, containerizing, shipment, and storage described in this paper reduce VOC losses and generally provide more representative samples for volatile organic analyses (VOA) than techniques in current use. For a discussion on the proper use of sampling equipment the reader should refer to other sources (Acker, 1974; U.S. EPA, 1983; U.S. EPA, 1986a). Soil, as referred to in this report, encompasses the mass (surface and subsurface) of unconsolidated mantle of weathered rock and loose material lying above solid rock. Further, a distinction must be made as to what fraction of the unconsolidated material is soil and what fraction is not. The soil component here is defined as all mineral and naturally occurring organic material that is 2 mm or less in size. This is the size normally used to differentiate between soils (consisting of sands, silts, and clays) and gravels. Although numerous sampling situations may be encountered, this paper focuses on three broad categories of sites that might be sampled for VOCs: 1. Open test pit or trench. 2. Surface soils (〈5 ft in depth). 3. Subsurface soils (〉5 ft in depth).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum principles and pointwise error estimates for torsion of shells of revolution (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of elasticity 7 (1977), S. 387-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude çi-dessous traite de la qualité de l'approximation des coques minces appliquée aux problèmes de torsion asymétrique des coques élastiques de révolution, problème déjà considéré par Ho et Knowles [1]. L'objectif des deux études est d'évaluer en chaque point, par la théorie de l'élasticité en trois limensions, les erreurs conséquentes à l'utilisation de la théorie de l'approximation des coques. Le problème mathématique consiste à obtenir une estimation explicite en chaque point des gradients pour les solutions d'équations elliptiques uniformes du deuxième ordre, homogènes et non-homogènes, problème d'un interêt qui dépasse le présent contexte. Nous utilisons ici une technique basée sur le principe du maximum pour de telles équations, par contraste avec les raissonnements utilisant des thegalités énergétiques. Les exemples particuliers des coques de révolution cylindriques, sphériques et coniques sont discutés en détail. Dans les deux premiers cas, nous montrons que la solution par la théorie des coques est en fait une solution exacte dans le sens de Saint-Venant. Des estimations asymptotiques des erreurs dans le cas de coques de révolution plus générales sont également données.
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the question of assessing the quality of approximate thin shell solutions for the problem of axisymmetric torsion of elastic shells of revolution, an issue previously considered by Ho and Knowles [1]. In both works, the objective is to obtain pointwise estimates, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity, for the errors involved in using an approximate shell theory. The mathematical problem is that of obtaining explicit pointwise gradient estimates for the solutions of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous second-order uniformly elliptic equations, an issue of interest beyond the present context. In contrast to arguments using energy inequalities, here we apply a technique based on maximum principles for such equations. The particular examples of cylindrical, spherical and conical shells of revolution are discussed in detail. In the former two cases, it is shown that the shell theory solution is in fact an exact elasticity solution in the Saint-Venant sense. Asymptotic error estimates for general shells of revolution are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041730
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