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  • 1
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    Immunology. Antigen presentation--losing its shine in the absence of GILT (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1294-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. c.watts@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology/*immunology ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Endosomes/enzymology ; Epitopes/chemistry/immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Muramidase/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    AIDS. Resource needs for HIV/AIDS (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartlander, B -- Stover, J -- Walker, N -- Bollinger, L -- Gutierrez, J P -- McGreevey, W -- Opuni, M -- Forsythe, S -- Kumaranayake, L -- Watts, C -- Bertozzi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2434-6. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland. schwartlanderb@unaids.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/therapy ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Developed Countries/economics ; Developing Countries/economics ; Female ; Financing, Organized ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Health Care Costs ; *Health Expenditures ; *Health Resources ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Immunology. The bell tolls for phagosome maturation (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, Colin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):976-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. c.watts@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Bacteria/*immunology/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors/metabolism ; Lysosomes/physiology ; Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/metabolism ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; *Phagocytosis ; Phagosomes/microbiology/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Enhanced dendritic cell antigen capture via toll-like receptor-induced actin remodeling (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: Microbial products are sensed through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and trigger a program of dendritic cell (DC) maturation that enables DCs to activate T cells. Although an accepted hallmark of this response is eventual down-regulation of DC endocytic capacity, we show that TLR ligands first acutely stimulate antigen macropinocytosis, leading to enhanced presentation on class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Simultaneously, actin-rich podosomes disappear, which suggests a coordinated redeployment of actin to fuel endocytosis. These reciprocal changes are transient and require p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Thus, the DC actin cytoskeleton can be rapidly mobilized in response to innate immune stimuli to enhance antigen capture and presentation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, Michele A -- Wallin, Robert P A -- Matthews, Stephen P -- Svensson, Henrik G -- Zaru, Rossana -- Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf -- Prescott, Alan R -- Watts, Colin -- G0100536/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1153-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/*immunology ; Cell Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Endocytosis ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microscopy, Video ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Pinocytosis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The design of porous material sensors to measure the matric potential of water in soil (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In recent years the use of porous material sensors for matric potential, which were originally intended for soil drier than −100 kPa, has been extended to wet soils. In these wetter soils, unpredictable behaviour of the sensors has been reported. We have studied the design of porous material sensors of matric potential in soil and propose a hypothesis to explain this unpredictability, and suggest recommendations for a design of sensor which will behave more reliably. The development of an experimental porous material sensor of matric potential based on this design is described. It operates between 0 and −60 kPa, and both the drying and wetting moisture characteristics were measured. In this sensor the porous material was a ceramic and its water content was measured with a dielectric water content sensor. We tested a simple closed-form hysteresis model to convert the measured water content of the porous material into matric potential under laboratory conditions. This was shown to give better results than using a calibration based on the drying moisture characteristic curve, where the predicted matric potentials were too small. The use of the experimental sensors in the field environment is described. Both types of sensor were installed using the same procedure. As far as we are aware the experimental sensor described in this paper is the first porous material sensor of matric potential that can be installed in the same way as a conventional tensiometer. Both conventional tensiometers and the experimental porous material sensors gave similar estimates of matric potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00397.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of iron concentration, hindered settling, saturating cation and aggregate density of clays on the size distribution determined by gravitation X-ray sedimentometry (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: X-ray sedimentation is potentially attractive for estimating the particle-size distribution of soil, but has been thought to overestimate clay fractions because of the iron they contain. We have examined X-ray sedimentation for estimating the particle-size distribution of fully dispersed and of aggregated clay. We obtained good agreement between the pipette and X-ray sedimentation methods using two different kaolinite samples with a small iron concentration. We also studied montmorillonite saturated with Li, Na, K, Mg or Ca to investigate possible effects of hindered settling. For the Ca montmorillonite, we obtained good agreement between X-ray sedimentation and the pipette method at concentrations up to 40 g l−1. We also found that X-ray sedimentation could be used at concentrations less than those recommended by the manufacturer. Hindered settling was observed at concentrations 〉 20 g l−1 for Li- and Na-saturated montmorillonite. Our data suggest that conducting experiments at different mass concentrations is a sensitive test to detect such problems. Finally we used a fractal model to investigate the possible errors that might result from the size dependence of aggregate density and show that the error caused by assuming a single value for particle density of solids is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00311.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal phosphorus release from exposed, re-inundated littoral sediments of two Australian reservoirs (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 431 (2000), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: sediment ; littoral ; P release ; aerobic ; desiccation ; re-inundation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water levels in many reservoirs typically fluctuate seasonally, but the effects of re-inundation of exposed sediments on nutrient dynamics in the water column are poorly known. This study concerns the seasonal differences in the potential of sediments from two Australian reservoirs, after having undergone different degrees of in situ desiccation, to release P under aerobic conditions. Differences were determined between biotic and abiotic P release, and results were also examined in relation to sediment chemistry. The two reservoirs, Carcoar Dam and Lake Rowlands, demonstrated different patterns of P release involving an interactive complex of P release mechanisms. Sediment chemistry at the reservoir margins was important because of the higher concentrations of N, P, Fe and Mn in Lake Rowlands. Physical and chemical processes influenced P uptake and release due to desiccation and oxidation of sediments and were of greater importance in Carcoar Dam. Abiotic P release from sterilised sediments was greater than from unsterilised sediments where both biotic and abiotic processes were apparent. Biotic P uptake and release were especially marked in Lake Rowlands where large macrophyte beds provided a rich source of organic matter. Little seasonal difference in P release was detected. The increased P release from dried sediments has ramifications for internal P loading into reservoirs and for the calculation of P budgets. For managers of reservoirs where large expanses of sediment are exposed during drying, it may be better to maintain high water levels, where possible, during the summer by modifying drawdown practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004098120517
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of organic matter on sedimentary phosphorus release in an Australian reservoir (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 431 (2000), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: sediment ; P-release ; C-source ; macrophytes ; aerobic ; anaerobic ; biotic ; abiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Australian reservoirs, compared to much of the world, are subjected to extreme arid and semi-arid climatic conditions where dam volumes can range from near-empty to full, often with rapid filling events. P-release, after re-flooding of desiccated sediments, can be important to water quality, and can be further influenced by dried macrophyte, exposed as water recedes and incorporated into sediments. P-release from Lake Rowlands (New South Wales, Australia) sediments was studied under different aerobic and sterile conditions with five carbon source amendments to the sediment (the macrophyte Isoetes sp. in different stages of senescence and acetate). Sedimentary P-release involved a complex array of factors modified by aerobic, biotic and abiotic processes, organic matter breakdown, iron content of sediments and turbulence. Under aerobic conditions, P-release from sterile non-amended sediments and sterile macrophyte-amended sediments was greater than from non-sterile sediments. Under anaerobic conditions, P-release was maximal from non-sterile macrophyte-amended sediments, probably via pathways involving fermentative Fe3+-reducing bacteria where electrons are transferred from organic matter to amorphous Fe(OOH) leading to Fe2+ and consequent release of P. Macrophyte addition (whether fresh or dried) enhanced P-release under anaerobic compared with aerobic conditions. P-release from acetate-amended sediments appeared to involve acetate aerobes. The re-flooding of sediments, therefore, has the potential to create conditions that are conducive to aerobic sedimentary P-release and should be taken into account in management strategies adopted for reservoirs where levels are likely to fluctuate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004046103679
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  • 9
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    Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2 (2003)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-27
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Wheat yield estimation using remote sensing and the STICS model in the semiarid Yaqui valley, Mexico (2004)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0249-5627
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-9643
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by EDP Sciences
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