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  • 1
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    Comparison of manual and automatic onset time picking (2000)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 1384-1390, pp. B02405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; first ; break ; arrival ; time ; Detectors ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    GIS as a tool for seismological data processing (2002)
    In:  Pageoph, Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 159, no. 5, pp. 945-967, pp. B02405, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Data analysis / ~ processing ; Seismology ; Location ; Earthquake catalog ; Nuclear explosion ; PAG ; Horin
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Optimal seismic networks in Israel in the context of the comprehensive test ban treaty (2000)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Hannover, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 151-165, pp. L03607
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Array configur. ; CTBT ; Nuclear explosion ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-13
    Description: Domestication entails control of wild species and is generally regarded as a complex process confined to a restricted area and culture. Previous DNA sequence analyses of several domestic species have suggested only a limited number of origination events. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 191 domestic horses and found a high diversity of matrilines. Sequence analysis of equids from archaeological sites and late Pleistocene deposits showed that this diversity was not due to an accelerated mutation rate or an ancient domestication event. Consequently, high mtDNA sequence diversity of horses implies an unprecedented and widespread integration of matrilines and an extensive utilization and taming of wild horses. However, genetic variation at nuclear markers is partitioned among horse breeds and may reflect sex-biased dispersal and breeding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vila, C -- Leonard, J A -- Gotherstrom, A -- Marklund, S -- Sandberg, K -- Liden, K -- Wayne, R K -- Ellegren, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):474-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. carles.vila@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11161199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Horses/*genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Prehistoric decline of genetic diversity in the nene (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paxinos, Ellen E -- James, Helen F -- Olson, Storrs L -- Ballou, Jonathan D -- Leonard, Jennifer A -- Fleischer, Robert C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008-0551, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; Culture ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geese/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Hawaii ; Humans ; Museums ; Paleontology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ancient DNA evidence for Old World origin of New World dogs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: Mitochondrial DNA sequences isolated from ancient dog remains from Latin America and Alaska showed that native American dogs originated from multiple Old World lineages of dogs that accompanied late Pleistocene humans across the Bering Strait. One clade of dog sequences was unique to the New World, which is consistent with a period of geographic isolation. This unique clade was absent from a large sample of modern dogs, which implies that European colonists systematically discouraged the breeding of native American dogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leonard, Jennifer A -- Wayne, Robert K -- Wheeler, Jane -- Valadez, Raul -- Guillen, Sonia -- Vila, Carles -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1613-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. Leonard.Jennifer@NMNH.SI.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/classification/*genetics ; Bolivia ; Breeding ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/classification/*genetics ; Europe ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mexico ; North America ; Peru ; Phylogeny ; Time ; Wolves/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-26
    Description: The cytokine interleukin-21 (IL-21) is closely related to IL-2 and IL-15, and their receptors all share the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, gammac, which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease (XSCID). We demonstrate that, although mice deficient in the receptor for IL-21 (IL-21R) have normal lymphoid development, after immunization, these animals have higher production of the immunoglobulin IgE, but lower IgG1, than wild-type animals. Mice lacking both IL-4 and IL-21R exhibited a significantly more pronounced phenotype, with dysgammaglobulinemia, characterized primarily by a severely impaired IgG response. Thus, IL-21 has a significant influence on the regulation of B cell function in vivo and cooperates with IL-4. This suggests that these gammac-dependent cytokines may be those whose inactivation is primarily responsible for the B cell defect in humans with XSCID.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozaki, Katsutoshi -- Spolski, Rosanne -- Feng, Carl G -- Qi, Chen-Feng -- Cheng, Jun -- Sher, Alan -- Morse, Herbert C 3rd -- Liu, Chengyu -- Schwartzberg, Pamela L -- Leonard, Warren J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1630-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin E/*biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G/*biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Immunologic Memory ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis/physiology ; Interleukins/*physiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Interleukin/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-21 ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
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    Using EEG To Detect and Monitor Mental Fatigue (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This project aims to develop EEG-based methods for detecting and monitoring mental fatigue. Mental fatigue poses a serious risk, even when performance is not apparently degraded. When such fatigue is associated with sustained performance of a single type of cognitive task it may be related to the metabolic energy required for sustained activation of cortical areas specialized for that task. The objective of this study was to adapt EEG to monitor cortical energy over a long period of performance of a cognitive task. Multielectrode event related potentials (ERPs) were collected every 15 minutes in nine subjects who performed a mental arithmetic task (algebraic sum of four randomly generated negative or positive digits). A new problem was presented on a computer screen 0.5 seconds after each response; some subjects endured for as long as three hours. ERPs were transformed to a quantitative measure of scalp electrical field energy. The average energy level at electrode P3 (near the left angular gyrus), 100-300 msec latency, was compared over the series of ERPs. For most subjects, scalp energy density at P3 gradually fell over the period of task performance and dramatically increased just before the subject was unable to continue the task. This neural response can be simulated for individual subjects using, a differential equation model in which it is assumed that the mental arithmetic task requires a commitment of metabolic energy that would otherwise be used for brain activities that are temporarily neglected. Their cumulative neglect eventually requires a reallocation of energy away from the mental arithmetic task.
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: Human Systems 2001: The Conference on Technologies for Human Factors and Psycho-Social Adaptation; Jun 20, 2001 - Jun 22, 2001; Houston, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Measures and Models for Estimating and Predicting Cognitive Fatigue (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We analyzed EEG and ERPs in a fatiguing mental task and created statistical models for single subjects. Seventeen subjects (4 F, 18-38 y) viewed 4-digit problems (e.g., 3+5-2+7=15) on a computer, solved the problems, and pressed keys to respond (intertrial interval = 1 s). Subjects performed until either they felt exhausted or three hours had elapsed. Re- and post-task measures of mood (Activation Deactivation Adjective Checklist, Visual Analogue Mood Scale) confirmed that fatigue increased and energy decreased over time. We tested response times (RT); amplitudes of ERP components N1, P2, P300, readiness potentials; and amplitudes of frontal theta and parietal alpha rhythms for change as a function of time. For subjects who completed 3 h (n=9) we analyzed 12 15-min blocks. For subjects who completed at least 1.5 h (n=17), we analyzed the first-, middle-, and last 100 error-free trials. Mean RT rose from 6.7 s to 8.5 s over time. We found no changes in the amplitudes of ERP components. In both analyses, amplitudes of frontal theta and parietal alpha rose by 30% or more over time. We used 30-channel EEG frequency spectra to model the effects of time in single subjects using a kernel partial least squares classifier. We classified 3.5s EEG segments as being from the first 100 or the last 100 trials, using random sub-samples of each class. Test set accuracies ranged from 63.9% to 99.6% correct. Only 2 of 17 subjects had mean accuracies lower than 80%. The results suggest that EEG accurately classifies periods of cognitive fatigue in 90% of subjects.
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research; Oct 20, 2004 - Oct 24, 2004; Santa Fe, NM; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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