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  • Animals  (3)
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
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  • 1
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    Molecular evidence for the early evolution of photosynthesis (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: The origin and evolution of photosynthesis have long remained enigmatic due to a lack of sequence information of photosynthesis genes across the entire photosynthetic domain. To probe early evolutionary history of photosynthesis, we obtained new sequence information of a number of photosynthesis genes from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum and the green nonsulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. A total of 31 open reading frames that encode enzymes involved in bacteriochlorophyll/porphyrin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthetic electron transfer were identified in about 100 kilobase pairs of genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple magnesium-tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes using a combination of distance, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods indicate that heliobacteria are closest to the last common ancestor of all oxygenic photosynthetic lineages and that green sulfur bacteria and green nonsulfur bacteria are each other's closest relatives. Parsimony and distance analyses further identify purple bacteria as the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage. These results challenge previous conclusions based on 16S ribosomal RNA and Hsp60/Hsp70 analyses that green nonsulfur bacteria or heliobacteria are the earliest phototrophs. The overall consensus of our phylogenetic analysis, that bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis evolved before chlorophyll biosynthesis, also argues against the long-held Granick hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiong, J -- Fischer, W M -- Inoue, K -- Nakahara, M -- Bauer, C E -- GM53940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1724-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacteriochlorophylls/biosynthesis/genetics ; Chlorobi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Chlorophyll/biosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Photosynthesis/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Localization of a short-term memory in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: Memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. The search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. However, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. The rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the Drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a component of olfactory short-term memory. This demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in a small brain region can be sufficient for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zars, T -- Fischer, M -- Schulz, R -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor Boveri Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, (Biozentrum) Am Hubland, D97074, Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Mutation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Smell ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genomics and agriculture. Collaborations in rice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Advances in rice genomics will contribute to gene discovery and rice productivity, but many of the products with high potential for alleviating poverty and improving human nutrition may not be those that attract private investment. Although most genetic resources and biological expertise for functional genomics are in the public, many proprietary technologies are owned by the private sector. A public resource platform is needed for the application of genomic technology to accelerate gene discovery. We present a model and general principles in collaboration that can serve the poor and encourage innovation by both the public and private sectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, K S -- Barton, J -- Khush, G S -- Leung, H -- Cantrell, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):279-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), P.O. Box 3127, Makati Central Post Office, 1271, Philippines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; *Genome, Plant ; Intellectual Property ; International Cooperation ; Internet ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oryza/*genetics ; Patents as Topic ; *Private Sector ; *Public Sector ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Technology Transfer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Word learning in a domestic dog: evidence for "fast mapping" (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure-a process dubbed "fast mapping." Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaminski, Juliane -- Call, Josep -- Fischer, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1682-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dogs ; *Learning ; Male ; *Memory ; Random Allocation ; *Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michailov, Galin V -- Sereda, Michael W -- Brinkmann, Bastian G -- Fischer, Tobias M -- Haug, Bernhard -- Birchmeier, Carmen -- Role, Lorna -- Lai, Cary -- Schwab, Markus H -- Nave, Klaus-Armin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):700-3. Epub 2004 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/chemistry ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, erbB ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Heterozygote ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Neurological ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Neural Conduction ; Neuregulin-1/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Isoforms/physiology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-3/analysis/physiology ; Schwann Cells/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/chemistry ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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