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  • *Climate  (6)
  • Time Factors  (6)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (11)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2000-2004  (11)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (11)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Years
Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Knowledge of past climate variability is crucial for understanding and modeling current and future climate trends. This article reviews present knowledge of changes in temperatures and two major circulation features-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-over much of the last 1000 years, mainly on the basis of high-resolution paleoclimate records. Average temperatures during the last three decades were likely the warmest of the last millennium, about 0.2 degrees C warmer than during warm periods in the 11th and 12th centuries. The 20th century experienced the strongest warming trend of the millennium (about 0.6 degrees C per century). Some recent changes in ENSO may have been unique since 1800, whereas the recent trend to more positive NAO values may have occurred several times since 1500. Uncertainties will only be reduced through more extensive spatial sampling of diverse proxy climatic records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, P D -- Osborn, T J -- Briffa, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 27;292(5517):662-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. p.jones@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; Cnidaria ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-05-19
    Description: Force microscopy has been used to quantitatively measure the infinitesimal forces that characterize interactions between Shewanella oneidensis (a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium) and goethite (alpha-FeOOH), both commonly found in Earth near-surface environments. Force measurements with subnanonewton resolution were made in real time with living cells under aerobic and anaerobic solutions as a function of the distance, in nanometers, between a cell and the mineral surface. Energy values [in attojoules (10(-18) joules)] derived from these measurements show that the affinity between S. oneidensis and goethite rapidly increases by two to five times under anaerobic conditions in which electron transfer from bacterium to mineral is expected. Specific signatures in the force curves suggest that a 150-kilodalton putative iron reductase is mobilized within the outer membrane of S. oneidensis and specifically interacts with the goethite surface to facilitate the electron transfer process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lower, S K -- Hochella, M F Jr -- Beveridge, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NanoGeoscience and Technology Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. slower@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11359008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; *Bacterial Adhesion ; Electron Transport ; *FMN Reductase ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/*microbiology ; Iron Compounds/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Minerals ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Shewanella/enzymology/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Layne, S P -- Beugelsdijk, T J -- Patel, C K -- Taubenberger, J K -- Cox, N J -- Gust, I D -- Hay, A J -- Tashiro, M -- Lavanchy, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environmental Monitoring/economics/methods ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis/economics/*epidemiology ; *International Cooperation ; Internet ; Population Surveillance/*methods ; Time Factors ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradley, R S -- Briffa, K R -- Crowley, T J -- Hughes, M K -- Jones, P D -- Mann, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2011-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11411490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2000-12-23
    Description: Amazonian rain forest-savanna boundaries are highly sensitive to climatic change and may also play an important role in rain forest speciation. However, their dynamics over millennial time scales are poorly understood. Here, we present late Quaternary pollen records from the southern margin of Amazonia, which show that the humid evergreen rain forests of eastern Bolivia have been expanding southward over the past 3000 years and that their present-day limit represents the southernmost extent of Amazonian rain forest over at least the past 50,000 years. This rain forest expansion is attributed to increased seasonal latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which can in turn be explained by Milankovitch astronomic forcing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayle, F E -- Burbridge, R -- Killeen, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2291-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. fem1@leicester.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bolivia ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Pollen ; Rain ; Time Factors ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: In the flash-lag illusion, a flash and a moving object in the same location appear to be offset. A series of psychophysical experiments yields data inconsistent with two previously proposed explanations: motion extrapolation (a predictive model) and latency difference (an online model). We propose an alternative in which visual awareness is neither predictive nor online but is postdictive, so that the percept attributed to the time of the flash is a function of events that happen in the approximately 80 milliseconds after the flash. The results here show how interpolation of the past is the only framework of the three models that provides a unified explanation for the flash-lag phenomenon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eagleman, D M -- Sejnowski, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2036-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. eagleman@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awareness ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; *Motion Perception ; *Optical Illusions ; Time Factors ; *Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowley, T J -- Berner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):870-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11341284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Eukaryota ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Plants ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briffa, Keith R -- Osborn, Timothy J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2227-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. k.briffa@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bias (Epidemiology) ; Calibration ; *Climate ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Mammals can be trained to make a conditioned movement at a precise time, which is correlated to the interval between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus during the learning. This learning-dependent timing has been shown to depend on an intact cerebellar cortex, but which cellular process is responsible for this form of learning remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show that protein kinase C-dependent long-term depression in Purkinje cells is necessary for learning-dependent timing of Pavlovian-conditioned eyeblink responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koekkoek, S K E -- Hulscher, H C -- Dortland, B R -- Hensbroek, R A -- Elgersma, Y -- Ruigrok, T J H -- De Zeeuw, C I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1736-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blinking ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; *Conditioning, Eyelid ; Electroshock ; *Learning ; *Long-Term Synaptic Depression ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/genetics/metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bearez, Philippe -- DeVries, Thomas J -- Ortlieb, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):203; author reply 203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie Generale et Appliquee, 43 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. bearez@mnhn.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; *Catfishes ; *Climate ; Ecosystem ; Otolithic Membrane/*chemistry ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Peru ; *Temperature ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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