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  • Springer  (43)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (9)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1980-1984  (48)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of soldiers and maintenance of soldier proportions by laboratory experimental groups ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 28 (1981), S. 32-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les effets dûs à la taille du groupe, à l'époque de l'année et aux proportions initiales de soldats ont été explorés dans des groupes expérimentaux deReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) et deReticulitermes virginicus (Banks). On a élevé des groupes en laboratoire pedant 12 semaines. Les petits groupes (de 500 à 1000 ouvriers) ont produit un plus faible pourcentage de soldats que les grands groupes (de 1500 à 2000 ouvriers). Le nombre de soldats produits dans un groupe est hautement corrélé au nombre total de termites qui survivent. Le pourcentage moyen observé dans tous les groupes a été de 1,75 pour les 2 espèces étudiées. La production de soldats chezReticulitermes flavipes a été la plus élevée dans les colonies prélevées en avril (2%) et la plus faible dans celles prélevées en octobre (0,38%). Les observations bimensuelles des augmentations et des baisses de production de soldats montrent qu'il y a un cycle saisonnier du potentiel de développement. La présence de soldats dans les groupes inhibe la production de nouveaux soldats. Un pourcentage anormalement élevé de soldats n'a pas provoqué l'élimination massive de soldats. De plus, la surcharge des groupes en soldats (plus de 1,75%) n'a pas affecté de façon nuisible la survie du groupe.
    Notes: Summary The effects of group size, time of year, and initial proportions of soldiers were explored in experimental groups ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andR. virginicus (Banks). Groups were held in the laboratory for 12 weeks. Small groups (500 to 1000 workers) produced a smaller percentage of soldiers than did larger groups (1500 to 2500 workers). The number of soldiers produced in a group is highly correlated with the total number of termites surviving. The average percentage produced for all group sizes was 1.75 for both species. Production of soldiers inR. flavipes was highest in colonies collected in April (2.0%) and lowest in those collected in October (0.38%). Bimonthly observations of increases and decreases in soldier production indicate a seasonal cycle in developmental potential. Presence of soldiers in groups inhibited the production of new soldiers. An abnormally high percentage of soldiers did not precipitate extensive elimination of soldiers. In addition, overloading groups with soldiers (more than 1.75%) did not adversely affect group survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223620
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced binding of phosphatidylserine-containing lipid vesicle targets to RAW264 macrophages (1984)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 64 (1984), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phosphatidylserine was found to significantly enchance the binding of phospholipid vesicles to RAW264 macrophages. We have measured the kinetics of non-specific uptake of unilamellar vesicles as a function of phosphatidylserine concentration in these model target membranes. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was the principle component of these phospholipid vesicles. In most experiments, radiolabeled phospholipid and 1 mol % each of both a fluorescent phospholipid and a hapten-containing lipid headgroup were utilized. In the presence of specific anti-hapten antibody phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles are rapidly taken up via phagocytosis. The antibody-independent non-specific uptake of phosphatidylserine-free vesicles was low, as previously reported. However, the presence of 5 mol % phosphatidylserine dramatically enhanced the uptake of phospholipid vesicles by macrophages. This uptake was shown to be principally due to binding to the macrophage surface. Incubation of macrophages in the presence of sodium azide or at 4°C, conditions which are known to inhibit phagocytosis, do not influence the uptake of the lipid vesicles. Fluorescence video-intensification microscopy was used to observe the interaction of carboxyfluorescein-loaded vesicles with macrophages. Fluorescence could not be observed when using phosphatidylserine-free vesicles. However, phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles can be observed bound to the cell periphery. Intracellular fluorescence could not be observed. The binding of phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles was enhanced roughly four-fold over phosphatidylserine because the effect could not be observed with membranes containing 1 mol % or 2.5 mol% phosphatidylserine. In addition, the binding enhancement required the presence of divalent cations in the incubation medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420931
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmospheric effects in the remote sensing of phytoplankton pigments (1980)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 18 (1980), S. 299-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the accuracy with which relevant atmospheric parameters must be estimated to derive phytoplankton pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin a ) of a given accuracy from measurements of the ocean's apparent spectral radiance at satellite altitudes. The analysis is limited to an instrument having the characteristics of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner scheduled to orbit the Earth on NIMBUS-G. A phytoplankton pigment algorithm is developed which relates the pigment concentration (C) to the three ratios of upwelling radiance just beneath the sea surface which can be formed from the wavelengths (λ) 440, 520 and 550 nm. The pigment algorithm explains from 94 to 98% of the variance in log10 C over three orders of magnitude in pigment concentration. This is combined with solutions to the radiative transfer equation to simulate the ocean's apparent spectral radiance at satellite altitudes as a function of C and the optical properties of the aerosol, the optical depth of which is assumed to be proportioned to λ-n . A specific atmospheric correction algorithm, based on the assumption that the ocean is totally absorbing at 670 nm, is then applied to the simulated spectral radiance, from which the pigment concentration is derived. Comparison between the true and derived values of C show that: (1) n is considerably more important than the actual aerosol optical thickness; (2) for C 0299-1 0.2 Μg l-1 acceptable concentrations can be determined as long as n is not overestimated; (3) as C increases, the accuracy with which n must be estimated, for a given relative accuracy in C, also increases; and (4) for C greater than about 0.5 Μg 1-1, the radiance at 440 nm becomes essentially useless in determining C. The computations also suggest that if separate pigment algorithms are used for C ≲ 1Μgl-1 and C ≳ 1 Μgl-1, accuracies considerably better than ±± in log C can be obtained for C ≲ 1 Μg l-1 with only a coarse estimate of n, while for C ≳ 10 Μgl-1, this accuracy can be achieved only with very good estimates of n.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122026
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venom chemistry of ants in the genusMonomorium (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 285-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monomorium spp. ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines ; ant venom alkaloids ; methoxymercuration-demercuration ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative analysis of the venomous alkaloids produced by ant species in the subgenusMonomorium of the genusMonomorium has been undertaken. All species produce mixtures of unsymmetricaltrans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines, but the proportions of the constituents may vary considerably between species. All alkaloids contain both C6 and C9 side chains which are present as C9-saturated. C6-monounsaturated, and both C6-and C9-monounsaturated dialkylpyrrolidines. The structure of 2-(1-hex-5-enyl)-5-(1-non-8-enyl)pyrrolidine, a previously undescribed alkaloid, was proved by unambiguous synthesis after the location of the double bonds was established by the methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry. The possible chemotaxonomic significance of the mixtures of venomous alkaloids produced by these species ofMonomorium is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984024
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of freeze-substituted hyphae of the basidiomyceteLaetisaria arvalis (1980)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 281-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Basidiomycete ; Fixation technique ; Freeze-substitution ; Fungi ; Laetisaria arvalis ; Ultrastructure preservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of freeze-substituted (FS) hyphae ofLaetisaria arvalis is described and compared to that of similar hyphae preserved by conventional chemical fixation (CF). The outline of membrane-bound organelles as well as the plasma membrane was smooth in FS cells. In contrast, hyphae preserved by CF exhibited membrane profiles that were extremely irregular. Centers of presumed Golgi activity were best preserved by FS. Microvesicles, 27–45 nm diameter and hexagonal in transverse section, were observed most readily in FS cells. Filasomes (= microvesicles within a filamentous matrix) were only observed in FS cells. Apical vesicles, 70–120 nm diameter, associated with the centers of Golgi activity and within the Spitzenkörper region exhibited finely granular matrices in FS hyphae, whereas in CF hyphae the contents were coarsely fibrous and less electron-dense. Microvesicles were present at hyphal apices and regions of septa formation. Filasomes were also found at regions of septa formation as well as along lateral hyphal tip cell walls. Microvesicles, but not filasomes, were observed in membrane-bound vesicles (= multivesicular bodies) and in larger vacuoles. Filaments, 5.2–5.4 nm wide, were juxtaposed with centripetally developing septa. Cytoplasmic inclusions, 20–40 μm in length, composed of bundles of 6.7–8.0 nm wide filaments were observed in both FS and CF hyphae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276274
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uptake of soil and fertilizer-nitrogen by barley growing under Scottish climatic conditions (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Barley ; Fertilizer ; Mineralization ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen-15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were carried out using15N-labelled calcium nitrate, to investigate the relative uptake by barley of fertilizer-N and soil-N. On imperfectly drained till soils uptake of soil-N increased with increasing rate of fertilizer, but remained constant on a brown sand, possibly due to more efficient root exploration in the latter soil. In four out of five seasons, late uptake of soil-derived N was a major feature, and uptake from ploughed soil as compared with uptake from direct-drilled soil was correlated with seasonal rainfall patterns. Significantly higher quantities of both fertilizer- and soil-derived N were taken up by winter barley than by spring barley, reflecting the longer growth period and higher dry matter yield from the former crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205566
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recalibration of Mount Wilson Doppler measurements (1984)
    Springer
    Solar physics 90 (1984), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new calibration of the spectrograph at the Mount Wilson 150-foot Tower Telescope demonstrates that all reported solar Doppler rates to date measured at λ5250.2 with this instrument are too high by a factor of 0.55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153796
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radio and visible-light observations of a coronal arcade transient (1984)
    Springer
    Solar physics 90 (1984), S. 161-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss simultaneous visible-light and radio observations of a coronal transient that occurred on 9 April, 1980. Visible-light observations of the transient and the associated erupting prominence were available from the Coronagraph/Polarimeter carried aboard SMM, the P78-1 coronagraph, and from the Haleakala Observatory. Radio observations of the related type III-II-IV bursts were available from the Clark Lake and Culgoora Observatories. The transient was extremely complex; we suggest that an entire coronal arcade rather than just a single loop participated in the event. Type III burst sources observed at the beginning of the event were located along a nearby streamer, which was not disrupted, but was displaced by the outmoving loops. The type II burst showed large tangential motion, but unlike such sources usually do, it had no related herringbone structure. A moving type IV burst source can be associated with the most dense feature of the white-light transient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153792
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of coronal structure during sunspot maximum (1982)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 33 (1982), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents some of the results that have been obtained from the Kitt Peak observations of coronal holes and the NRL observations of coronal transients during the recent years near sunspot maximum (1979–1981). On the average, low-latitude coronal holes of comparable size contained 3 times more flux near sunspot maximum than near the previous minimum. In the outer corona, transients occurred at the observed rate of at least 2 per day, and quiet conditions persisted during less than 15 % of the observed days. We describe a sample of the more than 800 events that we have observed so far, including the observation of a comet apparently colliding with the Sun.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213255
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report of the working group on water color (1980)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 18 (1980), S. 343-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This report on water ‘color’ is divided into two parts: a summary of the formal and informal presentations made at the meeting, and a summary of the conclusions and recommendations reached during the working group meetings. The group's discussions were divided into four categories: inwater studies and algorithms, atmospheric effects and correction algorithms, design of the next generation of spacecraft sensors, and future projects. Naturally, most of the discussion concerned the Coastal Zone Color Scanner on Nimbus-G but discussion was not restricted to this sensor. There were few members of the working group specializing in sediment studies; this is reflected in the fact that the major portion of the report deals with the remote determination of phytoplankton pigments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122030
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