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  • Springer  (48)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (10)
  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (44)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Multi-telescope observations of the coronal transient of 15–16 April, 1980 provide simultaneous data from the Solar Maximum Mission Coronagraph/Polarimeter, the Solwind Coronagraph, and the new Emission Line Coronagraph of the Sacramento Peak Observatory. An eruptive prominence-associated white light transient is for the first time seen as an unusual wave or brightening in Fe x gl6374 (but not in Fe xiv gl5303). Several interpretations of this fleeting enhancement are offered. The prominence shows a slowly increasing acceleration which peaks at the time of the Fe event. The white light loop transient surrounding the prominence expands at a well-documented constant speed to 10R ⊙, with an extrapolated start time at zero height coincident with the surface activity. This loop transient exemplifies those seen above 1.7R ⊙ in that leading the disturbance is a bright (N e-enhanced) loop rather than dark. This is consistent with a report of the behavior of another eruptive event observed by Fisher and Poland (1981) which began as a density depletion in the lower corona, with a bright loop forming at greater altitudes. The top of the bright loop ultimately fades in the outer corona while slow radial growth continues in the legs.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les effets dûs à la taille du groupe, à l'époque de l'année et aux proportions initiales de soldats ont été explorés dans des groupes expérimentaux deReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) et deReticulitermes virginicus (Banks). On a élevé des groupes en laboratoire pedant 12 semaines. Les petits groupes (de 500 à 1000 ouvriers) ont produit un plus faible pourcentage de soldats que les grands groupes (de 1500 à 2000 ouvriers). Le nombre de soldats produits dans un groupe est hautement corrélé au nombre total de termites qui survivent. Le pourcentage moyen observé dans tous les groupes a été de 1,75 pour les 2 espèces étudiées. La production de soldats chezReticulitermes flavipes a été la plus élevée dans les colonies prélevées en avril (2%) et la plus faible dans celles prélevées en octobre (0,38%). Les observations bimensuelles des augmentations et des baisses de production de soldats montrent qu'il y a un cycle saisonnier du potentiel de développement. La présence de soldats dans les groupes inhibe la production de nouveaux soldats. Un pourcentage anormalement élevé de soldats n'a pas provoqué l'élimination massive de soldats. De plus, la surcharge des groupes en soldats (plus de 1,75%) n'a pas affecté de façon nuisible la survie du groupe.
    Notes: Summary The effects of group size, time of year, and initial proportions of soldiers were explored in experimental groups ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andR. virginicus (Banks). Groups were held in the laboratory for 12 weeks. Small groups (500 to 1000 workers) produced a smaller percentage of soldiers than did larger groups (1500 to 2500 workers). The number of soldiers produced in a group is highly correlated with the total number of termites surviving. The average percentage produced for all group sizes was 1.75 for both species. Production of soldiers inR. flavipes was highest in colonies collected in April (2.0%) and lowest in those collected in October (0.38%). Bimonthly observations of increases and decreases in soldier production indicate a seasonal cycle in developmental potential. Presence of soldiers in groups inhibited the production of new soldiers. An abnormally high percentage of soldiers did not precipitate extensive elimination of soldiers. In addition, overloading groups with soldiers (more than 1.75%) did not adversely affect group survival.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 64 (1984), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phosphatidylserine was found to significantly enchance the binding of phospholipid vesicles to RAW264 macrophages. We have measured the kinetics of non-specific uptake of unilamellar vesicles as a function of phosphatidylserine concentration in these model target membranes. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was the principle component of these phospholipid vesicles. In most experiments, radiolabeled phospholipid and 1 mol % each of both a fluorescent phospholipid and a hapten-containing lipid headgroup were utilized. In the presence of specific anti-hapten antibody phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles are rapidly taken up via phagocytosis. The antibody-independent non-specific uptake of phosphatidylserine-free vesicles was low, as previously reported. However, the presence of 5 mol % phosphatidylserine dramatically enhanced the uptake of phospholipid vesicles by macrophages. This uptake was shown to be principally due to binding to the macrophage surface. Incubation of macrophages in the presence of sodium azide or at 4°C, conditions which are known to inhibit phagocytosis, do not influence the uptake of the lipid vesicles. Fluorescence video-intensification microscopy was used to observe the interaction of carboxyfluorescein-loaded vesicles with macrophages. Fluorescence could not be observed when using phosphatidylserine-free vesicles. However, phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles can be observed bound to the cell periphery. Intracellular fluorescence could not be observed. The binding of phosphatidylserine-containing vesicles was enhanced roughly four-fold over phosphatidylserine because the effect could not be observed with membranes containing 1 mol % or 2.5 mol% phosphatidylserine. In addition, the binding enhancement required the presence of divalent cations in the incubation medium.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 18 (1980), S. 299-313 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigate the accuracy with which relevant atmospheric parameters must be estimated to derive phytoplankton pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a plus phaeophytin a ) of a given accuracy from measurements of the ocean's apparent spectral radiance at satellite altitudes. The analysis is limited to an instrument having the characteristics of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner scheduled to orbit the Earth on NIMBUS-G. A phytoplankton pigment algorithm is developed which relates the pigment concentration (C) to the three ratios of upwelling radiance just beneath the sea surface which can be formed from the wavelengths (λ) 440, 520 and 550 nm. The pigment algorithm explains from 94 to 98% of the variance in log10 C over three orders of magnitude in pigment concentration. This is combined with solutions to the radiative transfer equation to simulate the ocean's apparent spectral radiance at satellite altitudes as a function of C and the optical properties of the aerosol, the optical depth of which is assumed to be proportioned to λ-n . A specific atmospheric correction algorithm, based on the assumption that the ocean is totally absorbing at 670 nm, is then applied to the simulated spectral radiance, from which the pigment concentration is derived. Comparison between the true and derived values of C show that: (1) n is considerably more important than the actual aerosol optical thickness; (2) for C 0299-1 0.2 Μg l-1 acceptable concentrations can be determined as long as n is not overestimated; (3) as C increases, the accuracy with which n must be estimated, for a given relative accuracy in C, also increases; and (4) for C greater than about 0.5 Μg 1-1, the radiance at 440 nm becomes essentially useless in determining C. The computations also suggest that if separate pigment algorithms are used for C ≲ 1Μgl-1 and C ≳ 1 Μgl-1, accuracies considerably better than ±± in log C can be obtained for C ≲ 1 Μg l-1 with only a coarse estimate of n, while for C ≳ 10 Μgl-1, this accuracy can be achieved only with very good estimates of n.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 285-300 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monomorium spp. ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines ; ant venom alkaloids ; methoxymercuration-demercuration ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative analysis of the venomous alkaloids produced by ant species in the subgenusMonomorium of the genusMonomorium has been undertaken. All species produce mixtures of unsymmetricaltrans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines, but the proportions of the constituents may vary considerably between species. All alkaloids contain both C6 and C9 side chains which are present as C9-saturated. C6-monounsaturated, and both C6-and C9-monounsaturated dialkylpyrrolidines. The structure of 2-(1-hex-5-enyl)-5-(1-non-8-enyl)pyrrolidine, a previously undescribed alkaloid, was proved by unambiguous synthesis after the location of the double bonds was established by the methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry. The possible chemotaxonomic significance of the mixtures of venomous alkaloids produced by these species ofMonomorium is discussed.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 2 (1968), S. 292-298 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Holz von Zweitwuchs-Ponderosa pine wurden die Rohdichte und die Schwindung bestimmt. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in Abständen von 4.8 m Stammscheiben entnommen. Das Holz dieser Bäume unterschied sich von jenen aus Altbeständen mit engen Jahrringen durch etwas niedrigere Rohdichtewerte sowie etwas niedrigere Radial-und Tangentialschwindung und durch etwas höhere Werte der Längsschwindung. Das Holz der aus dem Stammfuß entnommenen Scheiben erwies sich als dichter und zeigte häufig anormal hohe Schwindung und unregelmäßigen Faserverlauf. In den höher gelegenen Stammteilen beschränkte sich die übernormale Längsschwindung auf den Kernteil mit rund 25... 50 mm Durchmesser, d. h. auf den Bereich der ersten 2... 3 Jahrringe. Von diesen Ausnahmen ab-gesehen, zeigte das weitringige Holz eine ziemlich gleichmäßige Qualität. In diesem Zusammenhang wird empfohlen, den Fällungsschnitt etwas höher als gewölnlich anzusetzen, wenn es darauf ankommt, auch für den Erdstamm gleichmäßigere Holzqualität zu erzielen.
    Notes: Summary Wood specific gravity and shrinkage determinations were made on disks cut at 16-foot intervals from eight open-grown wide ringed second-growth ponderosa pines. This wood differed from forest grown narrower-ringed wood by having somewhat lower values for specific gravity and radial and tangential shrinkage and slightly higher values for axial shrinkage. Wood from the lowermost (stump) disks was denser and often had excessive axial shrinkage and irregular grain. At higher levels in the tree excessive axial shrinkage was limited to a 1... 2-inch core including the first 2... 3 growth rings. With these exceptions, the wideringed wood was uniform in quality. Slightly higher stumps were advocated if more uniform quality along the length of the butt log is desired.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 103 (1980), S. 281-297 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Basidiomycete ; Fixation technique ; Freeze-substitution ; Fungi ; Laetisaria arvalis ; Ultrastructure preservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of freeze-substituted (FS) hyphae ofLaetisaria arvalis is described and compared to that of similar hyphae preserved by conventional chemical fixation (CF). The outline of membrane-bound organelles as well as the plasma membrane was smooth in FS cells. In contrast, hyphae preserved by CF exhibited membrane profiles that were extremely irregular. Centers of presumed Golgi activity were best preserved by FS. Microvesicles, 27–45 nm diameter and hexagonal in transverse section, were observed most readily in FS cells. Filasomes (= microvesicles within a filamentous matrix) were only observed in FS cells. Apical vesicles, 70–120 nm diameter, associated with the centers of Golgi activity and within the Spitzenkörper region exhibited finely granular matrices in FS hyphae, whereas in CF hyphae the contents were coarsely fibrous and less electron-dense. Microvesicles were present at hyphal apices and regions of septa formation. Filasomes were also found at regions of septa formation as well as along lateral hyphal tip cell walls. Microvesicles, but not filasomes, were observed in membrane-bound vesicles (= multivesicular bodies) and in larger vacuoles. Filaments, 5.2–5.4 nm wide, were juxtaposed with centripetally developing septa. Cytoplasmic inclusions, 20–40 μm in length, composed of bundles of 6.7–8.0 nm wide filaments were observed in both FS and CF hyphae.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Barley ; Fertilizer ; Mineralization ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen-15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were carried out using15N-labelled calcium nitrate, to investigate the relative uptake by barley of fertilizer-N and soil-N. On imperfectly drained till soils uptake of soil-N increased with increasing rate of fertilizer, but remained constant on a brown sand, possibly due to more efficient root exploration in the latter soil. In four out of five seasons, late uptake of soil-derived N was a major feature, and uptake from ploughed soil as compared with uptake from direct-drilled soil was correlated with seasonal rainfall patterns. Significantly higher quantities of both fertilizer- and soil-derived N were taken up by winter barley than by spring barley, reflecting the longer growth period and higher dry matter yield from the former crop.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 10 (1969), S. 245-253 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A very high quality wiggly-line spectrogram was analyzed by making high-resolution spectral scans of numerous small solar features. An attempt from the line profiles to detect a magnetic field difference between the granular and intergranular regions, resulted in a field increase of 20 ± 15 G in the darker regions of the granular field. Line width increases apparently due to small-scale turbulent velocities are seen in the darker regions. It is postulated that in general darker regions show increased turbulent velocities. Conspicuous asymmetries in line profiles are seen in dark intergranular regions. It is suggested that these are the result of velocity gradients in the downward flow of material. An ionized Cr line showed a conspicuous increase in equivalent width in the darker regions of the granular field, thus indicating a decrease in electron pressure in these areas.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 90 (1984), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new calibration of the spectrograph at the Mount Wilson 150-foot Tower Telescope demonstrates that all reported solar Doppler rates to date measured at λ5250.2 with this instrument are too high by a factor of 0.55%.
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