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  • apoptosis
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  • Springer  (27)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • Springer  (27)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): zinc ; cellulolytic activity ; molluscs ; monitoring ; artificial streams
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in cellulolytic activity of Asiatic clams (Corbicula fluminea) and snails (Mudalia dilatata) were monitored throughout 30-d exposures to constant additions (0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.50, and 1.0 mg l−1) of zinc (Zn). All exposures of 0.05 mg Zn 1−1 or greater significantly reduced enzyme activity (exo- and endocellulase) in both molluscs as early as 10 d following exposures in outdoor laboratory streams incorporating New River water as diluent. More sterile laboratory stream exposures were less consistent in yielding quantifiable differences that could be attributed to metal induced stress apart from effects of nutritional stress. Tests conducted under natural field conditions during all seasons did not differ significantly with respect to changes in annual energetics of either clams or snails. However, evidence of differing uptake routes, with respect to two ecologically and physiologically distinct molluscs, was apparent in bioaccumulation, growth, and enzyme activity throughout exposure and following 60-d recovery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): authorisation ; field research ; model ecosystems ; monitoring ; pesticides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract On request of the Dutch government a committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands has reviewed the role that results of field research in its broadest sense (i.e., including multi-species toxicity tests in the laboratory, research on model ecosystems et cetera) can play in ecotoxicological risk assessment for the authorisation of pesticides. The Committee believes that field research can provide valuable additional data about the exposure of non-target organisms and the resultant effects at population, community and ecosystem level. However, it frequently is unclear how these data might be used in reaching a decision about authorisation. To solve this problem, it is necessary to specify what is understood by “unacceptable damage”. Both more clearly formulated protection goals of the government and a better understanding of the ecological significance of effects are needed to clarify this. Furthermore, the Committee points out that the statistical power of field trials must be sufficient to allow for the detection of changes that might be regarded as ecologically relevant. Finally, it recommends keeping a finger on the pulse in relation to authorised pesticides by monitoring their presence in environmental compartments and by investigating their role in suddenly occurring mortality among conspicuous animal species, such as birds, fish and honeybees. This kind of research forms a safety net for substances that have been wrongly authorised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 130 (2000), S. 912-916 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): whole-body hyperthermia ; hepatocytes ; alkaline dissociation of tissues ; apoptosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract hyperthermia caused hemodynamic disorders in the liver and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in hepatocytes of CBA mice. Total hepatocyte count decreased during restitution, this decrease being most pronounced 30 min after exposure. The number of binucleated cells also markedly decreased. The absence of necrotic changes in hepatocytes during the entire restitution period indicated their apoptotic death and elimination by macrophagal resorption. Under these conditions liver regeneration at the cellular level occured mainly via division of binucleated hepatocytes. On the other hand, proliferation of oval cells in the portal zones and their differentiation into hepatocytes were observed at certain stages of reparative regeneration of the liver.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Schlagwort(e): environmental change ; climatic change ; monitoring ; Arctic ; prairies ; Canada
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Global Change Program of the Geological Survey of Canada has chosen three regions as Integrated Research and Monitoring Areas (IRMAs). These are: i) the Palliser IRMA, encompassing the dry prairie region of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba; ii) the Mackenzie IRMA, including the Mackenzie Valley corridor and Beaufort Sea coast; and iii) the High Arctic, where collaborative studies centred on north-central Ellesmere Island have been conducted since 1989. The primary objective in each area is to determine relationships between geomorphic processes and climate in order to help predict the potential geologic impact of global change. Establishment of a detailed paleoclimatic record for each region is essential to provide a context for ongoing climate change. Paleolimnological studies in concert with other proxy methodologies are directed at outlining Holocene climatic variability and are a primary research component in each region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 115-118 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Fluconazole ; Candidiasis ; prescription-event ; monitoring ; safety in pregnancy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A prescription-event monitoring (PEM) study has confirmed that fluconazole, a bis-triazole oral antifungal drug, is a safe and effective treatment for vaginal candidiasis. Useful information was available on 15,015 questionnaires returned by general practitioners. The events were compared with those recorded in PEM studies of itraconazole and 31 other drugs in a total of more than 330,000 patients. The frequency of events in the study of itraconazole was almost identical. Upper respiratory tract and genitourinary infections were reported with above-average frequency but the relationship was with the disease being treated rather than the drug itself. No serious adverse effects were recorded with an unacceptably high incidence. None of the 125 deaths was caused by fluconazole. Although contraindicated for vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy, fluconazole was taken by 289 women at some time during the months before or during pregnancy; a follow-up study by questionnaire of the outcome of pregnancy showed fluconazole to be without harmful effect. It is concluded that fluconazole is a well tolerated drug in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis and is associated with very few adverse effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Actebia fennica ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; cutworm ; pheromone traps ; pheromone ; monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Catch rates of black army cutworm moths,Actebia fennica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were determined for different types of traps and different dispenser loads of sex attractant. Of the five traps tested, highest catch (35 males/per night) was obtained with Uni-Traps, whereas Pherocon 1CP, Delta and Hara traps rapidly became saturated at 9, 6, and 11 males/per night, respectively. Multi-Pher traps, like the Uni-Traps, have a covered vertical cone with a large collecting bucket but only catch about 1/3 of the number of moths (9 males/per night) as the Uni-Traps, thus reducing potential saturation. Red rubber septa loaded with 500 μg of attractant blend gave a consistent catch for at least 60 days; 1000 and 2000 μg loadings lasted for a minimum of 90 days. Polyvinylchloride and red rubber septa dispensers containing 100 μg of attractant had similar catch rates, which decreased rapidly with age. Based on these trap and lure-loading experiments, Multi-Pher traps baited with 1000 μg of attractant in a red rubber septum were selected for future calibration studies between catch density and population fluctuations on susceptible sites. Two years of monitoring results also are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Schlagwort(e): Amphibia ; apoptosis ; cancer ; cell cycle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Spontaneous and induced cancers are rare in non-isogeneic or inbred amphibians. Neoplastic cells become immortalized through loss of a normal capacity to die by apoptosis. Mature lymphocytes of mammals require activation and entry into the cell cycle in order to become susceptible to apoptosis. Whether Xenopus lymphocytes differ from mammalian lymphocytes in this regard is examined. In vitro exposure of PMA, or its analogue, MPMA, to adult splenocytes of Xenopus laevis was used to affect apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis of FITC-Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence (apoptosis) and BrdU uptake (DNA synthesis) were assayed concurrently in the same lymphocyte population over time. Significant increases in apoptotic levels were induced throughout a 72 hour period in PMA-treated cells only. Lymphocytes were also separated by size for analysis. Several sub-populations of lymphocytes were identified, the most interesting of which was small and apoptotic within 4 hours, after PMA exposure. PMA-induced DNA synthesis did not become elevated until after 24 hours. “Direct” apoptosis, i.e. without cell cycle entry, was found only in these small, mature lymphocytes. Since small lymphocytes make up the vast majority of those being analyzed, “direct” apoptosis may be a determining mechanism in the resistance to neoplasia observed in Amphibia. Cells that die more readily are less likely to transform into neoplastic cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Schlagwort(e): Angiogenesis ; angiopoietins ; apoptosis ; integrins ; vascular endothelial growth factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The balance of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and apoptosis is a major determinant in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, several studies demonstrated that numerous angiogenic factors not only induce angiogenesis but also function as EC survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, is also an EC survival factor in embryonic vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. VEGF activates specific intracellular survival pathways in ECs including Bcl-2, A1, IAP, Akt, and Erk. Integrins may function as EC survival factors by preventing anoikis by enhancing binding to the extracellular matrix. In addition, integrins may function in concert with VEGF to promote EC survival. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2. Pericytes also function as EC survival factors, by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. Targeting any of the above mechanisms for EC survival may provide novel antineoplastic strategies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 419-424 
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Schlagwort(e): apoptosis ; diabetes ; Fas ; organ-specific auto-immunity ; thyroiditis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) is a broadly expressed death receptor involved in a variety of physiological and pathological apoptotic processes. Since its discovery, defects in CD95/CD95L system have been proposed as major pathogenic factors responsible for impaired immunological tolerance to self antigens and autoimmunity. Later, analysis of altered sensitivity to CD95-induced apoptosis in cells targeted by the immune response has revealed an unexpected role for CD95 and CD95L in organ-specific autoimmunity. CD95 has been shown to be expressed and functional in virtually all cell types that are target of the organ-specific autoimmune response. Here we review some of the major findings concerning the role of CD95 in autoimmunity, in dysfunctions due to increased or decreased CD95-induced apoptosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Schlagwort(e): apoptosis ; Bax ; ceramide ; mitochondria ; pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ceramide can induce apoptosis through a caspase independent pathway. Bax has been described as able to kill cells in the absence of caspase activity, therefore we measured Bax in situ during ceramide-induced apoptosis using anti-Bax antibodies and flow cytometry analysis. An early (〈30 min) increase in Bax labeling was observed after the addition of several ceramide species to several hemopoietic-related cell types. On U937, this increase was not due to antigens synthesis or processing, but rather an increased accessibility or reactivity of Bax antigens for antibodies. This increased immuno-reactivity of Bax was not inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk nor leupeptin, and preceded nuclear fragmentation by several hours. Such an increase in immuno-reactivity was also observed after Fas ligation, but it occurred later (〉2 h) accompanying nuclear apoptosis, and was inhibited by Z-VAD-fmk. Bax immuno-reactivity was found to be related to intracellular pH (pHi), and C2-Ceramide (C2-Cer) induced a very early (〈10 min) transitory increase in pHi. Both Bax immuno-reactivity and pHi increases were dependent on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) status. It was concluded from these results that C2-Cer induced a transitory increase in pHi in relation to the PTP. This rise in pHi led to conformational changes in Bax which could be responsible for further apoptosis in the C2-Cer pathway while it was a consequence of caspase activation in the Fas pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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