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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish bioassay monitoring of waste effluents (1979)
    Springer
    Environmental management 3 (1979), S. 217-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Bioassay ; Monitoring ; Waste effluent ; Fish ; Lepomismacrochirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Spills of toxic materials into bodies of water receiving industrial waste discharges can be prevented only if frequent or continuous assessments of effluent quality can be made. Currently available methods can automatically measure individual physical or chemical waste components but cannot assess toxicity caused by the interaction of components or the presence of an unsuspected material. Aquatic organisms, in contrast, respond to their total environment and in this way integrate the effects of all the various chemical and physical waste parameters. This study evaluates the possibility of using the continuously and automatically recorded responses of fish to monitor the toxicity of industrial waste effluents. A review of previously developed toxicity monitoring systems is followed by a field evaluation of a method that uses the computer-monitored ventilatory patterns of 12 bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) to monitor the toxicity of an industrial waste effluent as it flows into a river. No known toxic spills occurred in the effluent during the operation of this system, but acetone added to the effluent waste caused responses from the fish at concentrations which peaked near the 96-hr LC50 level. Some responses were also noted when no known toxicant was present; these were related to environmental disturbances and system design problems. Recommendations are made for the design of future biologic monitoring units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866497
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proto-Oncogene Transcription after Activation of Th-1 and Th-2 Cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 636 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33474.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VENTILATORY RESPONSES OF BLUEGILL SUNFISH TO SUBLETHAL, FLUCTUATING EXPOSURES TO HEAVY METALS (Zn++ and Cu++) (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 19 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Minicomputer interfaced, continuous, noncontact sensing of the ventilatory behavior of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was used to investigate the response to exposure to solutions of copper and zinc under various modes of application. The results of these studies indicate that fish respond to sublethal concentrations of these toxicants by increasing the average ventilatory rate as well as decreasing the amplitude of the ventilatory signal. Appropriate statistics for the analysis of these data are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1983.tb02794.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetrating Radiation from Thunderclouds (1933)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 132 (1933), S. 174-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN their recent paper1 B. F. J. Schonland and J. P. T. Viljoen throw doubts on the ability of ionisation methods to detect the penetrating radiation from thunderclouds. However, this method has been in use at this station during the thunderstorm season October 1932–April 1933 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/132174a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homeostatic regulation of acetazolamide-sensitive esterase activity in the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, following acute cold shock (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 27 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acetazolamide-sensitive esterase activity was elevated in branchial homogenates of control juvenile bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, acclimated at 20° C but decreased rapidly within 9 h following an acute hypothermal shock to 8° C. After 2 weeks at 8° C, shocked-fish enzyme activity was similar to control fish. At 20° C acclimation temperature, specific activity of bluegills was similar in swimbladder, liver, kidney, gill, spleen, and gonad homogenates and was significantly higher (α=0.05 level) in whole blood homogenates. The pH optima for enzymes extracted from fish acclimated at 20° and 8° C were 7.29 and 8.00, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated two distinct forms of acetazolamide-sensitive esterase activity present in both 20° and 8° C acclimated fish. Specific activity for homogenates from both 20° and 8° C acclimated fish differed significantly when assayed at 20° C, suggesting both qualitative and quantitative changes in acetazolamide-sensitive esterase. It is postulated that relatively rapid alterations in esterase activity promote survival in bluegill following acute cold shock through the central role of enzymes in the regulation of plasma ion concentrations and acid/base equilibria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb03221.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cinematographic investigation into the fish's bioelectric breathing signal (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 14 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The buccal-ventilatory movements of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas and strip chart recordings of these movements were filmed simultaneously. The amplitudes of the ventilatory signals were greatest when a fish was perpendicular to the plane of either electrode, and the polarity of a signal corresponded to the fish's direction to one of the electrodes. The most common breathing waveforms for both species reflected a bimodal pattern. These patterns varied in frequency and shifted toward single modality in response to stress. Portions of the recorded waveforms consistently coincided with the period in which a fish was displaying either full opercular flare or closure. Similar occurrences corresponded with mouth positions. Several commonly occurring variations of the ventilatory signal waveforms are presented, including the response of bluegill sunfish to a strong concentration of chlorinated water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03540.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Wide-spectrum Coccidiostat (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 1349-1349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the search for wide-spactrum activity, we have for several years carried out a screening programme which, in the primary stage, used Eimeria tenella, and as a convenient representative of the "intestinal" coccidia, Eimeria brunetti. During a programme of antibacterial synthesis in 1956 another ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2141349a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selectivity of X-Ray Detection by a Variable Geometry Proportional Counter (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 1262-1263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The conventional side window gas-flow proportional counter has several disadvantages. For geometrical reasons there is usually some difficulty in placing the counter close enough to specimens in a vacuum system to obtain the greatest collection efficiency. In addition, the distance between the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2231262a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1 nm x-ray lithography using novel mask fabrication technique (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3350-3352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: High-resolution commercial photomasks and x-ray masks are at present manufactured by a multistep process which involves the use of etching. This route imposes a limitation on the resolution that can be achieved. We describe here a new approach to the fabrication of x-ray masks involving the use of organometallic compounds which undergo direct conversion to metal under the influence of electron beam irradiation. This approach permits fabrication of both x-ray masks and extreme ultraviolet masks in essentially a single processing step. The attainable resolution is unaffected by any limitation incurred by etching processes and is dependent only on such factors as electron scattering and electron beam diameter. We describe here the production of a gold x-ray mask, which was used in conjunction with a compact laser plasma source to demonstrate the lithographic process. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149099
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Protozoan Communities to Predict Environmental Effects of Pollutants (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . This study compared the response of protozoan communities colonizing artificial substrates to complex effluents in laboratory microecosystems and validated laboratory predictions using similar sampling methods in the field. Sampling stations were established on a small stream receiving heavy metal and sewage treatment plant effluents. Water from each station was used as a test medium to test the colonization of polyurethane foam artificial substrates in laboratory microecosystems. The heterotrophic index (HI), the ratio of total community biomass to chlorophyll biomass, was also measured. Field colonization trials and HI determinations were carried out at each sampling station. There was a strong negative relationship between the number of species colonizing artificial substrates and the total metal concentration of the water at each station; protozoan colonization was severely depressed at the highest metal concentrations (〉400 μg/liter) and recovered at downstream stations where dilution had taken place. The HI differentiated stations receiving high heavy metal concentrations in the field from those recovering from heavy metal influences. Effect concentrations based on laboratory experiments predicted that the concentration of total heavy metal that would produce a 5% decrease in species number (EC5) was 18 μg/liter, approximately the background concentration found in the stream studied. These experiments demonstrated that laboratory microecosystems or microcosms can be used to predict effects in the field accurately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05579.x
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