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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (176)
  • 2000-2004  (49)
  • 1990-1994  (127)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trap engineering in organic hole transport materials (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5559-5563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical impurities with known highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies were incorporated in organic hole transport materials. The effect of these dopants on quantity and depth of trap levels, transport properties, and luminescence of organic light emitting devices was examined. This was achieved by investigating current–voltage characteristics, luminance–voltage characteristics, and utilizing the method of thermally stimulated current for trap level detection. It was found that 4,4′,4″-tris-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(phenylamino)]triphenylamine (1-NaphDATA) doped into N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (α-NPD) generates a trap level whose activation energy corresponds to the HOMO energy difference between dopant and matrix molecules. Therefore, the detected electronic states can be assigned to hole traps. The influence of those traps on the charge transport will be reported. For doping α-NPD into 1-NaphDATA no new trap levels could be detected. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1362371
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrically controlled light scattering with single metal nanoparticles (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A concept to electrically control the scattering of light is introduced. The idea is to embed noble metal nanoparticles in an electro-optical material such as a liquid crystal in order to induce a spectral shift of the particle plasmon resonance by applying an electric field. Light scattering experiments on single gold nanoparticles show that spherically shaped nanoparticles become optically spheroidal when covered by an anisotropic liquid crystal. The two particle plasmon resonances of the optically spheroidal gold nanoparticles can be spectrally shifted by up to 50 meV when electric fields of more than 10 kV/cm are applied. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current-voltage characteristics of Na/p-GaP(110) Schottky diodes (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 4486-4487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Schottky barrier of Na deposited onto ultrahigh vacuum cleaved p-type GaP has been determined by in situ current-voltage measurements. The Schottky barrier height of 1.10 eV for this low work function metal contacts is consistent with a general weak metal dependence for barrier formation on GaP(110).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352183
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrostatic pressure studies of an asymmetrically doped resonant tunneling diode (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 1548-1552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on an AlAs/GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diode in which the electrodes have been deliberately asymmetrically doped. In reverse bias, current is injected into the structure from a highly doped n+-GaAs electrode and in forward bias from a two-dimensional accumulation layer at the GaAs/AlAs interface. When large hydrostatic pressures are applied at 77 K, regions of negative differential resistance are induced in both bias directions. Current maxima with peak-to-valley ratios as large as 4 have been measured at 8 kbar. The intrinsic asymmetry of the structure aids in the identification of the origins of these features in terms of the X-point conduction-band minima of the device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349571
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near-infrared optical properties of CoSi2 thin films (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2346-2350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission and reflection measurements in the energy range 0.5–1 eV have been performed on thin CoSi2 films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111). For film thicknesses above 200 A(ring), the transmission factor decreases exponentially with film thickness, with an optical attenuation length of 180 A(ring) nearly independent of photon energy. Deviations from this law for film thicknesses below 200 A(ring) are explained by reflection effects. These data, supplemented by reflection measurements, can be fitted by theoretical calculations of the transmission and reflection factors, thus leading to the determination of the CoSi2 optical indexes. The energy dependence of the real and imaginary indexes is found to be consistent with the Drude model. Some interesting aspects of this intraband absorption either in ultrathin films or at low temperature are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346542
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dopants on the conductivity of electrodeposited CdTe (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4167-4172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin-film polycrystalline CdTe was electrodeposited as described previously onto indium-tin-oxide coated glass under argon and then stored either under argon or air before and after the annealing step. Dopants were incorporated into films by several methods. Indium, Cadmium, and silver were introduced into the films either by codeposition or by electromigration techniques as described previously for copper, and the doping process was followed by heat treatment. Tellurium was introduced into two films by heating the samples in a tellurium atmosphere, and the effect of oxygen on the CdTe was investigated by a high-temperature heat treatment in air. The effect of these doping procedures on the conductivity was investigated at various temperatures. For this purpose, a system was built to measure extremely high resistances (〉1012) over a large and well-controlled temperature range. Because of the polycrystalline nature of the films, the results are discussed in terms of a model in which the conducitivity is affected by the density of grain boundary states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344980
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deduction of central plasma parameters from line-of-sight averaged spectroscopic observations (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6732-6742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is presented to deduce central ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity from line-of-sight averaged x-ray spectra from hot plasmas. The analysis is based on atomic data for the processes that give rise to x-ray spectral lines. Combined with measured electron temperature and density profiles a synthetic spectrum is calculated. The fit of this synthetic spectrum to the observed one gives a new level of accuracy to line-of-sight integrated observations in a considerably extended range of ion temperatures and toroidal rotation velocities. The choice of model for radial profiles for ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity is shown not to be critical. The concentration of the emitting impurity is deduced from the total line intensity, making use of the absolute calibration of the detector sensitivity. The effective plasma charge Zeff is derived from the absolute level of the continuum radiation. These measurements are based on atomic data for x-ray line and continuum radiation and measured electron temperature and density profiles. The results for ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity obtained by this analysis are compared with those from visible charge exchange spectroscopy. The observed visible lines are shifted in wavelength, and their width is reduced, due to the velocity dependence of the cross section for the charge transfer from the neutral beam particles to the observed impurities. The theoretically predicted magnitude of these effects is verified. When the results from visible charge exchange spectroscopy are corrected for the cross-section effects, excellent agreement of central ion temperature and rotation velocity with the results of this new analysis is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350369
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the acoustic response of vascular tissue irradiated by an ultraviolet laser pulse (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 1847-1849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stress waves were generated in sections of human vascular tissue by transmitting laser pulses from a XeCl laser source through a glass fiber. Needle-type polyvinylidenefluoride hydrophones were used to detect the acoustic response of the tissue samples during ablation. The experimental arrangement allowed the discrimination in vitro between calcified hard tissue and normal arterial wall immersed in normal saline solution. Atheromatous vessels exhibited a shorter rise time and a higher peak stress than normal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350356
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model of Γ to X transition in thermally activated tunnel currents across AlxGa1−xAs single barriers (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3641-3645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A theoretical study of thermally activated currents across AlxGa1−xAs barriers is presented, where x is varied from zero to one. By increasing the Al content, AlxGa1−xAs changes from a direct to an indirect band-gap semiconductor. Previous experiments on activated transport have shown that this crossover strongly affects the transport properties. However, usually these experiments are analyzed in terms of the classical Richardson law, which completely fails to explain the prefactor for high Al concentrations which drops by three orders of magnitude. A model is presented that describes the transport by considering two competing channels, one via the Γ minimum and the other via the longitudinal X minimum. The current flow through each channel is evaluated by calculating the transmission coefficient separately for the Γ and X barriers. This model gives new insights into the interpretation of the experimentally measured activation energy and the prefactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of thermal preanneals on the hydrogen passivation efficiency in liquid encapsulated Czochralski-grown GaAs (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4385-4387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The introduction rate of a hydrogen-related bistable electron trap, formed by a 150 °C plasma annealing, depends strongly on thermal preannealing. A pure thermal 850 °C preanneal completely anneals the native defects EL6 and EL3, reduces the native defect concentration EL2 by a factor of 10, and decreases equally the introduction rate of the bistable defect by a factor of 10. From a comparison between the profiles of these defects, it is possible to get informations on the microscopic structure of this hydrogen related defect as well as on the EL2 defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344911
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