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  • Animals  (3)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-04-28
    Description: Memories are thought to be due to lasting synaptic modifications in the brain. The search for memory traces has relied predominantly on determining regions that are necessary for the process. However, a more informative approach is to define the smallest sufficient set of brain structures. The rutabaga adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that is ubiquitously expressed in the Drosophila brain and that mediates synaptic plasticity, is needed exclusively in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies for a component of olfactory short-term memory. This demonstrates that synaptic plasticity in a small brain region can be sufficient for memory formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zars, T -- Fischer, M -- Schulz, R -- Heisenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theodor Boveri Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, (Biozentrum) Am Hubland, D97074, Wurzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10784450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Electroshock ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Mutation ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Smell ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure-a process dubbed "fast mapping." Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaminski, Juliane -- Call, Josep -- Fischer, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1682-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dogs ; *Learning ; Male ; *Memory ; Random Allocation ; *Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michailov, Galin V -- Sereda, Michael W -- Brinkmann, Bastian G -- Fischer, Tobias M -- Haug, Bernhard -- Birchmeier, Carmen -- Role, Lorna -- Lai, Cary -- Schwab, Markus H -- Nave, Klaus-Armin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):700-3. Epub 2004 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/chemistry ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, erbB ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Heterozygote ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Neurological ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Neural Conduction ; Neuregulin-1/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Isoforms/physiology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-3/analysis/physiology ; Schwann Cells/physiology ; Sciatic Nerve/chemistry ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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