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  • Cell Line  (25)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (13)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • 2005-2009  (38)
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  • 1
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    BAX activation is initiated at a novel interaction site (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: BAX is a pro-apoptotic protein of the BCL-2 family that is stationed in the cytosol until activated by a diversity of stress stimuli to induce cell death. Anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2 counteract BAX-mediated cell death. Although an interaction site that confers survival functionality has been defined for anti-apoptotic proteins, an activation site has not been identified for BAX, rendering its explicit trigger mechanism unknown. We previously developed stabilized alpha-helix of BCL-2 domains (SAHBs) that directly initiate BAX-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Here we demonstrate by NMR analysis that BIM SAHB binds BAX at an interaction site that is distinct from the canonical binding groove characterized for anti-apoptotic proteins. The specificity of the human BIM-SAHB-BAX interaction is highlighted by point mutagenesis that disrupts functional activity, confirming that BAX activation is initiated at this novel structural location. Thus, we have now defined a BAX interaction site for direct activation, establishing a new target for therapeutic modulation of apoptosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597110/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597110/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavathiotis, Evripidis -- Suzuki, Motoshi -- Davis, Marguerite L -- Pitter, Kenneth -- Bird, Gregory H -- Katz, Samuel G -- Tu, Ho-Chou -- Kim, Hyungjin -- Cheng, Emily H-Y -- Tjandra, Nico -- Walensky, Loren D -- 5P01CA92625/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA50239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL095929-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL095929/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA050239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125562-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1076-81. doi: 10.1038/nature07396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation/genetics ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A PtdIns4,5P2-regulated nuclear poly(A) polymerase controls expression of select mRNAs (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Phosphoinositides are a family of lipid signalling molecules that regulate many cellular functions in eukaryotes. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns4,5P2), the central component in the phosphoinositide signalling circuitry, is generated primarily by type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIPKIalpha, PIPKIbeta and PIPKIgamma). In addition to functions in the cytosol, phosphoinositides are present in the nucleus, where they modulate several functions; however, the mechanism by which they directly regulate nuclear functions remains unknown. PIPKIs regulate cellular functions through interactions with protein partners, often PtdIns4,5P2 effectors, that target PIPKIs to discrete subcellular compartments, resulting in the spatial and temporal generation of PtdIns4,5P2 required for the regulation of specific signalling pathways. Therefore, to determine roles for nuclear PtdIns4,5P2 we set out to identify proteins that interacted with the nuclear PIPK, PIPKIalpha. Here we show that PIPKIalpha co-localizes at nuclear speckles and interacts with a newly identified non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, which we have termed Star-PAP (nuclear speckle targeted PIPKIalpha regulated-poly(A) polymerase) and that the activity of Star-PAP can be specifically regulated by PtdIns4,5P2. Star-PAP and PIPKIalpha function together in a complex to control the expression of select mRNAs, including the transcript encoding the key cytoprotective enzyme haem oxygenase-1 (refs 8, 9) and other oxidative stress response genes by regulating the 3'-end formation of their mRNAs. Taken together, the data demonstrate a model by which phosphoinositide signalling works in tandem with complement pathways to regulate the activity of Star-PAP and the subsequent biosynthesis of its target mRNA. The results reveal a mechanism for the integration of nuclear phosphoinositide signals and a method for regulating gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mellman, David L -- Gonzales, Michael L -- Song, Chunhua -- Barlow, Christy A -- Wang, Ping -- Kendziorski, Christina -- Anderson, Richard A -- R01 GM051968/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):1013-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *RNA 3' End Processing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: Ebola virus (EBOV) entry requires the surface glycoprotein (GP) to initiate attachment and fusion of viral and host membranes. Here we report the crystal structure of EBOV GP in its trimeric, pre-fusion conformation (GP1+GP2) bound to a neutralizing antibody, KZ52, derived from a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit outbreak. Three GP1 viral attachment subunits assemble to form a chalice, cradled by the GP2 fusion subunits, while a novel glycan cap and projected mucin-like domain restrict access to the conserved receptor-binding site sequestered in the chalice bowl. The glycocalyx surrounding GP is likely central to immune evasion and may explain why survivors have insignificant neutralizing antibody titres. KZ52 recognizes a protein epitope at the chalice base where it clamps several regions of the pre-fusion GP2 to the amino terminus of GP1. This structure provides a template for unravelling the mechanism of EBOV GP-mediated fusion and for future immunotherapeutic development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700032/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700032/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jeffrey E -- Fusco, Marnie L -- Hessell, Ann J -- Oswald, Wendelien B -- Burton, Dennis R -- Saphire, Erica Ollmann -- R01 AI067927/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067927-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI053423/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI053423-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):177-82. doi: 10.1038/nature07082.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, Mail Drop IMM-2, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cathepsins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; Ebolavirus/*chemistry/immunology ; Glycoproteins/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/metabolism ; *Survivors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Role of the polycomb protein EED in the propagation of repressive histone marks (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-22
    Description: Polycomb group proteins have an essential role in the epigenetic maintenance of repressive chromatin states. The gene-silencing activity of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) depends on its ability to trimethylate lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) by the catalytic SET domain of the EZH2 subunit, and at least two other subunits of the complex: SUZ12 and EED. Here we show that the carboxy-terminal domain of EED specifically binds to histone tails carrying trimethyl-lysine residues associated with repressive chromatin marks, and that this leads to the allosteric activation of the methyltransferase activity of PRC2. Mutations in EED that prevent it from recognizing repressive trimethyl-lysine marks abolish the activation of PRC2 in vitro and, in Drosophila, reduce global methylation and disrupt development. These findings suggest a model for the propagation of the H3K27me3 mark that accounts for the maintenance of repressive chromatin domains and for the transmission of a histone modification from mother to daughter cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772642/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772642/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margueron, Raphael -- Justin, Neil -- Ohno, Katsuhito -- Sharpe, Miriam L -- Son, Jinsook -- Drury, William J 3rd -- Voigt, Philipp -- Martin, Stephen R -- Taylor, William R -- De Marco, Valeria -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Reinberg, Danny -- Gamblin, Steven J -- GM064844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM37120/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117584222/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM064844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064844-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):762-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08398. Epub 2009 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, New York University Medical School, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19767730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; *Gene Silencing ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/metabolism ; Histones/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Lysine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Methylation ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Human host factors required for influenza virus replication (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-23
    Description: Influenza A virus is an RNA virus that encodes up to 11 proteins and this small coding capacity demands that the virus use the host cellular machinery for many aspects of its life cycle. Knowledge of these host cell requirements not only informs us of the molecular pathways exploited by the virus but also provides further targets that could be pursued for antiviral drug development. Here we use an integrative systems approach, based on genome-wide RNA interference screening, to identify 295 cellular cofactors required for early-stage influenza virus replication. Within this group, those involved in kinase-regulated signalling, ubiquitination and phosphatase activity are the most highly enriched, and 181 factors assemble into a highly significant host-pathogen interaction network. Moreover, 219 of the 295 factors were confirmed to be required for efficient wild-type influenza virus growth, and further analysis of a subset of genes showed 23 factors necessary for viral entry, including members of the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) and COPI-protein families, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) proteins, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-beta. Furthermore, 10 proteins were confirmed to be involved in post-entry steps of influenza virus replication. These include nuclear import components, proteases, and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) IIbeta (CAMK2B). Notably, growth of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus is also dependent on the identified host factors, and we show that small molecule inhibitors of several factors, including vATPase and CAMK2B, antagonize influenza virus replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862546/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862546/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konig, Renate -- Stertz, Silke -- Zhou, Yingyao -- Inoue, Atsushi -- Hoffmann, H-Heinrich -- Bhattacharyya, Suchita -- Alamares, Judith G -- Tscherne, Donna M -- Ortigoza, Mila B -- Liang, Yuhong -- Gao, Qinshan -- Andrews, Shane E -- Bandyopadhyay, Sourav -- De Jesus, Paul -- Tu, Buu P -- Pache, Lars -- Shih, Crystal -- Orth, Anthony -- Bonamy, Ghislain -- Miraglia, Loren -- Ideker, Trey -- Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Young, John A T -- Palese, Peter -- Shaw, Megan L -- Chanda, Sumit K -- 1 P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1 S10 RR0 9145-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 1 T32 AI07647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1F32AI081428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R21AI083673/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5R24 CA095823-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272200900032C/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-010004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-020004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-030004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-040004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI058113-050004/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007647-10/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007280/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI074539-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI1074539/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057158-065713/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):813-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Factors/*genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Gene Library ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/growth & development ; Influenza A virus/classification/*growth & development ; Influenza, Human/*genetics/*virology ; RNA Interference ; Vero Cells ; Virus Internalization ; Virus Replication/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Human CHN1 mutations hyperactivate alpha2-chimaerin and cause Duane's retraction syndrome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a complex congenital eye movement disorder caused by aberrant innervation of the extraocular muscles by axons of brainstem motor neurons. Studying families with a variant form of the disorder (DURS2-DRS), we have identified causative heterozygous missense mutations in CHN1, a gene on chromosome 2q31 that encodes alpha2-chimaerin, a Rac guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (RacGAP) signaling protein previously implicated in the pathfinding of corticospinal axons in mice. We found that these are gain-of-function mutations that increase alpha2-chimaerin RacGAP activity in vitro. Several of the mutations appeared to enhance alpha2-chimaerin translocation to the cell membrane or enhance its ability to self-associate. Expression of mutant alpha2-chimaerin constructs in chick embryos resulted in failure of oculomotor axons to innervate their target extraocular muscles. We conclude that alpha2-chimaerin has a critical developmental function in ocular motor axon pathfinding.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593867/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyake, Noriko -- Chilton, John -- Psatha, Maria -- Cheng, Long -- Andrews, Caroline -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Law, Krystal -- Crosier, Moira -- Lindsay, Susan -- Cheung, Michelle -- Allen, James -- Gutowski, Nick J -- Ellard, Sian -- Young, Elizabeth -- Iannaccone, Alessandro -- Appukuttan, Binoy -- Stout, J Timothy -- Christiansen, Stephen -- Ciccarelli, Maria Laura -- Baldi, Alfonso -- Campioni, Mara -- Zenteno, Juan C -- Davenport, Dominic -- Mariani, Laura E -- Sahin, Mustafa -- Guthrie, Sarah -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- G9900837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9900989/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 EY015298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY015298-05/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):839-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156121. Epub 2008 Jul 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine (Genetics), Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abducens Nerve/abnormalities ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; Chimerin 1/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Duane Retraction Syndrome/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation, Missense ; Oculomotor Muscles/embryology/innervation/metabolism ; Oculomotor Nerve/abnormalities/embryology ; Pedigree
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A global view of gene activity and alternative splicing by deep sequencing of the human transcriptome (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: The functional complexity of the human transcriptome is not yet fully elucidated. We report a high-throughput sequence of the human transcriptome from a human embryonic kidney and a B cell line. We used shotgun sequencing of transcripts to generate randomly distributed reads. Of these, 50% mapped to unique genomic locations, of which 80% corresponded to known exons. We found that 66% of the polyadenylated transcriptome mapped to known genes and 34% to nonannotated genomic regions. On the basis of known transcripts, RNA-Seq can detect 25% more genes than can microarrays. A global survey of messenger RNA splicing events identified 94,241 splice junctions (4096 of which were previously unidentified) and showed that exon skipping is the most prevalent form of alternative splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sultan, Marc -- Schulz, Marcel H -- Richard, Hugues -- Magen, Alon -- Klingenhoff, Andreas -- Scherf, Matthias -- Seifert, Martin -- Borodina, Tatjana -- Soldatov, Aleksey -- Parkhomchuk, Dmitri -- Schmidt, Dominic -- O'Keeffe, Sean -- Haas, Stefan -- Vingron, Martin -- Lehrach, Hans -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):956-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1160342. Epub 2008 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA, Intergenic ; Exons ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Introns ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; *RNA Splice Sites ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, RNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Treatment of autoimmune neuroinflammation with a synthetic tryptophan metabolite (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-08
    Description: Local catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan (Trp) by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is considered an important mechanism of regulating T cell immunity. We show that IDO transcription was increased when myelin-specific T cells were stimulated with tolerogenic altered self-peptides. Catabolites of Trp suppressed proliferation of myelin-specific T cells and inhibited production of proinflammatory T helper-1 (T(H)1) cytokines. N-(3,4,-Dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA), an orally active synthetic derivative of the Trp metabolite anthranilic acid, reversed paralysis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Trp catabolites and their derivatives offer a new strategy for treating T(H)1-mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Platten, Michael -- Ho, Peggy P -- Youssef, Sawsan -- Fontoura, Paulo -- Garren, Hideki -- Hur, Eun Mi -- Gupta, Rohit -- Lee, Lowen Y -- Kidd, Brian A -- Robinson, William H -- Sobel, Raymond A -- Selley, Michael L -- Steinman, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):850-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. michael.platten@uni-tuebingen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & ; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*drug therapy/immunology ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology/metabolism ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/drug effects/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; Myelin Proteins/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Tryptophan/*metabolism ; ortho-Aminobenzoates/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    An aneuploid mouse strain carrying human chromosome 21 with Down syndrome phenotypes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: Aneuploidies are common chromosomal defects that result in growth and developmental deficits and high levels of lethality in humans. To gain insight into the biology of aneuploidies, we manipulated mouse embryonic stem cells and generated a trans-species aneuploid mouse line that stably transmits a freely segregating, almost complete human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). This "transchromosomic" mouse line, Tc1, is a model of trisomy 21, which manifests as Down syndrome (DS) in humans, and has phenotypic alterations in behavior, synaptic plasticity, cerebellar neuronal number, heart development, and mandible size that relate to human DS. Transchromosomic mouse lines such as Tc1 may represent useful genetic tools for dissecting other human aneuploidies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1378183/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1378183/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Doherty, Aideen -- Ruf, Sandra -- Mulligan, Claire -- Hildreth, Victoria -- Errington, Mick L -- Cooke, Sam -- Sesay, Abdul -- Modino, Sonie -- Vanes, Lesley -- Hernandez, Diana -- Linehan, Jacqueline M -- Sharpe, Paul T -- Brandner, Sebastian -- Bliss, Timothy V P -- Henderson, Deborah J -- Nizetic, Dean -- Tybulewicz, Victor L J -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- 076700/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U117512674/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2033-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Down Syndrome/genetics/physiopathology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Facial Bones/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Markers ; Heart Defects, Congenital/embryology ; Hippocampus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Skull/pathology ; Stem Cells ; Synaptic Transmission ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    A centrosome-independent role for gamma-TuRC proteins in the spindle assembly checkpoint (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: The spindle assembly checkpoint guards the fidelity of chromosome segregation. It requires the close cooperation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and cytoskeletal elements to sense spindle integrity. The role of the centrosome, the organizing center of the microtubule cytoskeleton, in the spindle checkpoint is unclear. We found that the molecular requirements for a functional spindle checkpoint included components of the large gamma-tubulin ring complex (gamma-TuRC). However, their localization at the centrosome and centrosome integrity were not essential for this function. Thus, the spindle checkpoint can be activated at the level of microtubule nucleation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Hannah -- Fogeron, Marie-Laure -- Lehmann, Verena -- Lehrach, Hans -- Lange, Bodo M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):654-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Centrosome/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Microtubules/ultrastructure ; *Mitosis ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; RNA Interference ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tubulin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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