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  • Articles  (36)
  • 2005-2009  (36)
  • Computer Science  (36)
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  • Articles  (36)
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  • 1
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    Reactive and nonreactive scattering of H2 from a metal surface is electronically adiabatic (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The Born-Oppenheimer approximation of uncoupled electronic and nuclear motion is a standard tool of the computational chemist. However, its validity for molecule-metal surface reactions, which are important to heterogeneous catalysis, has been questioned because of the possibility of electron-hole pair excitations. We have performed experiments and calculations on the scattering of molecular hydrogen from a catalytically relevant metal surface, obtaining absolute probabilities for changes in the molecule's velocity parallel to the representative Pt(111) surface. The comparison for in-plane and out-of-plane scattering and results for dissociative chemisorption in the same system show that for hydrogen-metal systems, reaction and diffractive scattering can be accurately described using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto, Pablo -- Pijper, Ernst -- Barredo, Daniel -- Laurent, Guillaume -- Olsen, Roar A -- Baerends, Evert-Jan -- Kroes, Geert-Jan -- Farias, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):86-9. Epub 2006 Feb 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada C-3 and Instituto Nicolas Cabrera, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Checkpoint proteins control survival of the postmitotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: Checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanisms that arrest cell division and alter cellular stress resistance in response to DNA damage or stalled replication forks. To study the consequences of loss of checkpoint functions in whole animals, checkpoint genes were inactivated in the nematode C. elegans. We show that checkpoint proteins are not only essential for normal development but also determine adult somatic maintenance. Checkpoint proteins play a role in the survival of postmitotic adult cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Anders -- Vantipalli, Maithili C -- Lithgow, Gordon J -- AG21069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG22868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS050789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Genome sequence diversity and clues to the evolution of variola (smallpox) virus (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-29
    Description: Comparative genomics of 45 epidemiologically varied variola virus isolates from the past 30 years of the smallpox era indicate low sequence diversity, suggesting that there is probably little difference in the isolates' functional gene content. Phylogenetic clustering inferred three clades coincident with their geographical origin and case-fatality rate; the latter implicated putative proteins that mediate viral virulence differences. Analysis of the viral linear DNA genome suggests that its evolution involved direct descent and DNA end-region recombination events. Knowing the sequences will help understand the viral proteome and improve diagnostic test precision, therapeutics, and systems for their assessment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esposito, Joseph J -- Sammons, Scott A -- Frace, A Michael -- Osborne, John D -- Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa -- Zhang, Ming -- Govil, Dhwani -- Damon, Inger K -- Kline, Richard -- Laker, Miriam -- Li, Yu -- Smith, Geoffrey L -- Meyer, Hermann -- Leduc, James W -- Wohlhueter, Robert M -- G0501257/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):807-12. Epub 2006 Jul 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. jesposito@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Deletion ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Viral ; Genomics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Proteome/analysis/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Smallpox/epidemiology/mortality/*virology ; Variola virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Retraction (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimizu, Kentaro K -- Reininga, Jennifer M -- Caicedo, Ana L -- Mays, Charlotte A -- Moore, Richard C -- Olsen, Kenneth M -- Ruzsa, Stephanie -- Coop, Graham -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Purugganan, Michael D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):176. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5873.176a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403691" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Tracking the variable North Atlantic sink for atmospheric CO2 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Historically, observations have been too sparse to allow accurate tracking of changes in rates of CO2 uptake over ocean basins, so little is known about how these vary. Here, we show observations indicating substantial variability in the CO2 uptake by the North Atlantic on time scales of a few years. Further, we use measurements from a coordinated network of instrumented commercial ships to define the annual flux into the North Atlantic, for the year 2005, to a precision of about 10%. This approach offers the prospect of accurately monitoring the changing ocean CO2 sink for those ocean basins that are well covered by shipping routes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Andrew J -- Schuster, Ute -- Bakker, Dorothee C E -- Bates, Nicholas R -- Corbiere, Antoine -- Gonzalez-Davila, Melchor -- Friedrich, Tobias -- Hauck, Judith -- Heinze, Christoph -- Johannessen, Truls -- Kortzinger, Arne -- Metzl, Nicolas -- Olafsson, Jon -- Olsen, Are -- Oschlies, Andreas -- Padin, X Antonio -- Pfeil, Benjamin -- Santana-Casiano, J Magdalena -- Steinhoff, Tobias -- Telszewski, Maciej -- Rios, Aida F -- Wallace, Douglas W R -- Wanninkhof, Rik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1391-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177394.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. a.watson@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Chemically accurate simulation of a prototypical surface reaction: H2 dissociation on Cu(111) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Methods for accurately computing the interaction of molecules with metal surfaces are critical to understanding and thereby improving heterogeneous catalysis. We introduce an implementation of the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional theory (DFT) that carries the method forward from a semiquantitative to a quantitative description of the molecule-surface interaction. Dynamics calculations on reactive scattering of hydrogen from the copper (111) surface using an SRP-DFT potential energy surface reproduce data on the dissociative adsorption probability as a function of incidence energy and reactant state and data on rotationally inelastic scattering with chemical accuracy (within approximately 4.2 kilojoules per mole).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diaz, C -- Pijper, E -- Olsen, R A -- Busnengo, H F -- Auerbach, D J -- Kroes, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):832-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The earliest horse harnessing and milking (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using delta13C and deltaD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Outram, Alan K -- Stear, Natalie A -- Bendrey, Robin -- Olsen, Sandra -- Kasparov, Alexei -- Zaibert, Victor -- Thorpe, Nick -- Evershed, Richard P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1332-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1168594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK. a.k.outram@ex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic ; Female ; History, Ancient ; *Horses/anatomy & histology ; Kazakhstan ; Lipids/analysis ; Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Milk ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Heat flux anomalies in Antarctica revealed by satellite magnetic data (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: The geothermal heat flux is an important factor in the dynamics of ice sheets; it affects the occurrence of subglacial lakes, the onset of ice streams, and mass losses from the ice sheet base. Because direct heat flux measurements in ice-covered regions are difficult to obtain, we developed a method that uses satellite magnetic data to estimate the heat flux underneath the Antarctic ice sheet. We found that the heat flux underneath the ice sheet varies from 40 to 185 megawatts per square meter and that areas of high heat flux coincide with known current volcanism and some areas known to have ice streams.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maule, Cathrine Fox -- Purucker, Michael E -- Olsen, Nils -- Mosegaard, Klaus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):464-7. Epub 2005 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Planetary Science, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark. foxmaule@gfy.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-28
    Description: Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawford, P C -- Dubovi, Edward J -- Castleman, William L -- Stephenson, Iain -- Gibbs, E P J -- Chen, Limei -- Smith, Catherine -- Hill, Richard C -- Ferro, Pamela -- Pompey, Justine -- Bright, Rick A -- Medina, Marie-Jo -- Johnson, Calvin M -- Olsen, Christopher W -- Cox, Nancy J -- Klimov, Alexander I -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Donis, Ruben O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):482-5. Epub 2005 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/pathology/*transmission/*virology ; Dogs ; Florida/epidemiology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/genetics ; Horse Diseases/transmission/*virology ; Horses ; *Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification/immunology/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Phylogeny ; Respiratory System/pathology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Species Specificity ; United States/epidemiology ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza of the H5N1 subtype in Asia, which has subsequently spread to Russia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, has put increased focus on the role of wild birds in the persistence of influenza viruses. The ecology, epidemiology, genetics, and evolution of pathogens cannot be fully understood without taking into account the ecology of their hosts. Here, we review our current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds, discuss these patterns in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and identify some important gaps in our current knowledge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Bjorn -- Munster, Vincent J -- Wallensten, Anders -- Waldenstrom, Jonas -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):384-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Diseases, Umea University, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology/*virology ; Birds/physiology/*virology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs ; Genetic Variation ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/*transmission/virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Prevalence ; Reassortant Viruses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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