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  • Protein Conformation  (62)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (62)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2005-2009  (62)
  • 1935-1939
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (62)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (10)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The sirtuins are members of the histone deacetylase family of proteins that participate in a variety of cellular functions and play a role in aging. We identified a potent inhibitor of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and found that inhibition of SIRT2 rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity and modified inclusion morphology in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Genetic inhibition of SIRT2 via small interfering RNA similarly rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibitors protected against dopaminergic cell death both in vitro and in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. The results suggest a link between neurodegeneration and aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Outeiro, Tiago Fleming -- Kontopoulos, Eirene -- Altmann, Stephen M -- Kufareva, Irina -- Strathearn, Katherine E -- Amore, Allison M -- Volk, Catherine B -- Maxwell, Michele M -- Rochet, Jean-Christophe -- McLean, Pamela J -- Young, Anne B -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Feany, Mel B -- Hyman, Bradley T -- Kazantsev, Aleksey G -- 5P50-NS38372A-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS049221/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):516-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alzheimer's Research Unit, MGH, Harvard Medical School, CNY 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Furans/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Protein Conformation ; Quinolines/*pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Rats ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tubulin/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: The giant sarcomeric protein titin contains a protein kinase domain (TK) ideally positioned to sense mechanical load. We identified a signaling complex where TK interacts with the zinc-finger protein nbr1 through a mechanically inducible conformation. Nbr1 targets the ubiquitin-associated p62/SQSTM1 to sarcomeres, and p62 in turn interacts with MuRF2, a muscle-specific RING-B-box E3 ligase and ligand of the transactivation domain of the serum response transcription factor (SRF). Nuclear translocation of MuRF2 was induced by mechanical inactivity and caused reduction of nuclear SRF and repression of transcription. A human mutation in the titin protein kinase domain causes hereditary muscle disease by disrupting this pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lange, Stephan -- Xiang, Fengqing -- Yakovenko, Andrey -- Vihola, Anna -- Hackman, Peter -- Rostkova, Elena -- Kristensen, Jakob -- Brandmeier, Birgit -- Franzen, Gereon -- Hedberg, Birgitta -- Gunnarsson, Lars Gunnar -- Hughes, Simon M -- Marchand, Sylvie -- Sejersen, Thomas -- Richard, Isabelle -- Edstrom, Lars -- Ehler, Elisabeth -- Udd, Bjarne -- Gautel, Mathias -- G0200496(63216)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0300213/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/03/049/15364/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1599-603. Epub 2005 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Muscle Signalling and Development, Randall Division, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Connectin ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Muscular Diseases/genetics ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Respiratory Insufficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcomeres/metabolism ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: The urokinase plasminogen activator binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and initiates signaling cascades that are implicated in pathological processes including tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation. We report the crystal structure at 1.9 angstroms of the urokinase receptor complexed with the urokinase amino-terminal fragment and an antibody against the receptor. The three domains of urokinase receptor form a concave shape with a central cone-shaped cavity where the urokinase fragment inserts. The structure provides insight into the flexibility of the urokinase receptor that enables its interaction with a wide variety of ligands and a basis for the design of urokinase-urokinase receptor antagonists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huai, Qing -- Mazar, Andrew P -- Kuo, Alice -- Parry, Graham C -- Shaw, David E -- Callahan, Jennifer -- Li, Yongdong -- Yuan, Cai -- Bian, Chuanbing -- Chen, Liqing -- Furie, Bruce -- Furie, Barbara C -- Cines, Douglas B -- Huang, Mingdong -- R01 HL086584/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL086584-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):656-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: DNA replication in archaea and in eukaryotes share many similarities. We report the structure of an archaeal origin recognition complex protein, ORC1, bound to an origin recognition box, a DNA sequence that is found in multiple copies at replication origins. DNA binding is mediated principally by a C-terminal winged helix domain that inserts deeply into the major and minor grooves, widening them both. However, additional DNA contacts are made with the N-terminal AAA+ domain, which inserts into the minor groove at a characteristic G-rich sequence, inducing a 35 degrees bend in the duplex and providing directionality to the binding site. Both contact regions also induce substantial unwinding of the DNA. The structure provides insight into the initial step in assembly of a replication origin and recruitment of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase to that origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaudier, Martin -- Schuwirth, Barbara S -- Westcott, Sarah L -- Wigley, Dale B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1213-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aeropyrum/*chemistry/metabolism ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Archaeal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Origin Recognition Complex/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Replication Origin
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: The Neurospora crassa photoreceptor Vivid tunes blue-light responses and modulates gating of the circadian clock. Crystal structures of dark-state and light-state Vivid reveal a light, oxygen, or voltage Per-Arnt-Sim domain with an unusual N-terminal cap region and a loop insertion that accommodates the flavin cofactor. Photoinduced formation of a cystein-flavin adduct drives flavin protonation to induce an N-terminal conformational change. A cysteine-to-serine substitution remote from the flavin adenine dinucleotide binding site decouples conformational switching from the flavin photocycle and prevents Vivid from sending signals in Neurospora. Key elements of this activation mechanism are conserved by other photosensors such as White Collar-1, ZEITLUPE, ENVOY, and flavin-binding, kelch repeat, F-BOX 1 (FKF1).〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682417/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682417/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoltowski, Brian D -- Schwerdtfeger, Carsten -- Widom, Joanne -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Bilwes, Alexandrine M -- Dunlap, Jay C -- Crane, Brian R -- GM079879-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH44651/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM068087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Darkness ; Dimerization ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/chemistry ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Neurospora crassa/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: To explore the mechanisms and evolution of cell-cycle control, we analyzed the position and conservation of large numbers of phosphorylation sites for the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We combined specific chemical inhibition of Cdk1 with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the positions of 547 phosphorylation sites on 308 Cdk1 substrates in vivo. Comparisons of these substrates with orthologs throughout the ascomycete lineage revealed that the position of most phosphorylation sites is not conserved in evolution; instead, clusters of sites shift position in rapidly evolving disordered regions. We propose that the regulation of protein function by phosphorylation often depends on simple nonspecific mechanisms that disrupt or enhance protein-protein interactions. The gain or loss of phosphorylation sites in rapidly evolving regions could facilitate the evolution of kinase-signaling circuits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813701/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813701/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Liam J -- Tuch, Brian B -- Villen, Judit -- Johnson, Alexander D -- Gygi, Steven P -- Morgan, David O -- GM037049/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM50684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG3456/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069901/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069901-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003456/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003456-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1682-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Ascomycota/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; CDC2 Protein Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Physiological Processes ; Computational Biology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: Collagen IV networks are ancient proteins of basement membranes that underlie epithelia in metazoa from sponge to human. The networks provide structural integrity to tissues and serve as ligands for integrin cell-surface receptors. They are assembled by oligomerization of triple-helical protomers and are covalently crosslinked, a key reinforcement that stabilizes networks. We used Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that a sulfilimine bond (-S=N-) crosslinks hydroxylysine-211 and methionine-93 of adjoining protomers, a bond not previously found in biomolecules. This bond, the nitrogen analog of a sulfoxide, appears to have arisen at the divergence of sponge and cnidaria, an adaptation of the extracellular matrix in response to mechanical stress in metazoan evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vanacore, Roberto -- Ham, Amy-Joan L -- Voehler, Markus -- Sanders, Charles R -- Conrads, Thomas P -- Veenstra, Timothy D -- Sharpless, K Barry -- Dawson, Philip E -- Hudson, Billy G -- DC007416/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DK065123/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK18381/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM059380/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK065123/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK065123-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC007416/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC007416-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059380/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059380-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK018381/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK018381-37/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1230-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1176811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. roberto.vanacore@vanderbilt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cattle ; Collagen Type IV/*chemistry ; Humans ; Hydroxylysine/chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methionine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Physicochemical Processes ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Sequence Alignment ; Stress, Mechanical ; Sulfur/chemistry
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: Apical membrane antigen 1 from Plasmodium is a leading malaria vaccine candidate. The protein is essential for host-cell invasion, but its molecular function is unknown. The crystal structure of the three domains comprising the ectoplasmic region of the antigen from P. vivax, solved at 1.8 angstrom resolution, shows that domains I and II belong to the PAN motif, which defines a superfamily of protein folds implicated in receptor binding. We also mapped the epitope of an invasion-inhibitory monoclonal antibody specific for the P. falciparum ortholog and modeled this to the structure. The location of the epitope and current knowledge on structure-function correlations for PAN domains together suggest a receptor-binding role during invasion in which domain II plays a critical part. These results are likely to aid vaccine and drug design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizarro, Juan Carlos -- Vulliez-Le Normand, Brigitte -- Chesne-Seck, Marie-Laure -- Collins, Christine R -- Withers-Martinez, Chrislaine -- Hackett, Fiona -- Blackman, Michael J -- Faber, Bart W -- Remarque, Edmond J -- Kocken, Clemens H M -- Thomas, Alan W -- Bentley, Graham A -- MC_U117532063/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):408-11. Epub 2005 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite d'Immunologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*chemistry/immunology ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitope Mapping ; Epitopes ; Heparin/metabolism ; Malaria Vaccines ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmodium falciparum/chemistry/immunology ; Plasmodium vivax/chemistry/*immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Sequence Alignment
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-07-09
    Description: Voltage-dependent potassium ion (K+) channels (Kv channels) conduct K+ ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in the membrane voltage, thereby regulating neuronal excitability by modulating the shape and frequency of action potentials. Here we report the crystal structure, at a resolution of 2.9 angstroms, of a mammalian Kv channel, Kv1.2, which is a member of the Shaker K+ channel family. This structure is in complex with an oxido-reductase beta subunit of the kind that can regulate mammalian Kv channels in their native cell environment. The activation gate of the pore is open. Large side portals communicate between the pore and the cytoplasm. Electrostatic properties of the side portals and positions of the T1 domain and beta subunit are consistent with electrophysiological studies of inactivation gating and with the possibility of K+ channel regulation by the beta subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Stephen B -- Campbell, Ernest B -- Mackinnon, Roderick -- GM43949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR00862/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):897-903. Epub 2005 Jul 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electrochemistry ; Kv1.2 Potassium Channel ; Models, Molecular ; Pichia ; Potassium/chemistry ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-07-09
    Description: Voltage-dependent ion channels contain voltage sensors that allow them to switch between nonconductive and conductive states over the narrow range of a few hundredths of a volt. We investigated the mechanism by which these channels sense cell membrane voltage by determining the x-ray crystal structure of a mammalian Shaker family potassium ion (K+) channel. The voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv1.2 grew three-dimensional crystals, with an internal arrangement that left the voltage sensors in an apparently native conformation, allowing us to reach three important conclusions. First, the voltage sensors are essentially independent domains inside the membrane. Second, they perform mechanical work on the pore through the S4-S5 linker helices, which are positioned to constrict or dilate the S6 inner helices of the pore. Third, in the open conformation, two of the four conserved Arg residues on S4 are on a lipid-facing surface and two are buried in the voltage sensor. The structure offers a simple picture of how membrane voltage influences the open probability of the channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Stephen B -- Campbell, Ernest B -- Mackinnon, Roderick -- GM43949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):903-8. Epub 2005 Jul 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electrochemistry ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Potassium Channels/*chemistry/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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