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  • Springer  (15)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (3)
  • Cell Press  (1)
  • Public Library of Science
  • 2005-2009  (11)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • 1945-1949  (4)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new approach for pulse labelling of plants using the short-lived positron emitting radioisotope carbon-11 (half-life: 20.4 min) as 11CO2 is reported together with its application to measuring [11C]isoprene emissions from intact leaves capturing information associated with: (1) rate of emission; (2) the relative contribution of recently fixed carbon to isoprene biosynthesis; and (3) the transit time for tracer movement through the leaf and biochemical pathways associated with isoprene biosynthesis. This approach was applied to study the response of certain Populus species to exogenous treatments of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant hormone implicated in signal transduction linked to defence response against herbivory. Twelve hours after treatment of single intact leaves of aspen (Populus tremuloides) with a 1 m m JA spray, isoprene emissions from those leaves increased 1.5 times the controls from 35.4 ± 2.2 to 53.1 ± 4.8 nmol m−2 s−1. [11C]Isoprene emissions from the same leaves, reflecting the isoprene that was derived from recently fixed carbon, increased much more, to 2.2 times the controls. This increase coincided with a change in emitted [11C]isoprene from 0.31 to 0.68% of 11C fixed in the leaf tissue, while the tracer transit time remained constant at 12.5 min. These results suggest that JA had no effect on enzyme kinetics involved in isoprene biosynthesis, but did impact the source of recent carbon feeding that pathway. Studies with poplar (Populus nigra clone NC 5271) showed similar trends in systemic emissions (from an untreated leaf on the same plant).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Regulated expression of structural genes involved in yeast phospholipid biosynthesis is mediated by inositol/choline-responsive element (ICRE) upstream motifs, bound by the heterodimeric activator complex Ino2 + Ino4. Gene repression occurs in the presence of sufficient inositol and choline, requiring an intact Opi1 repressor which binds to Ino2. For a better understanding of interactions among regulators, we mapped an 18 aa repressor interaction domain (RID, aa 118–135) within Ino2 necessary and sufficient for binding by Opi1. By alanine scanning mutagenesis of the entire RID we were able to identify nine residues critical for Opi1-dependent repression of Ino2 function. Consequently, the corresponding dominant Ino2 variants conferred constitutive expression of an ICRE-dependent reporter gene and were no longer inhibited even by overproduction of Opi1. Interestingly, Ino2 RID partially overlaps with transcriptional activation domain TAD2. As certain mutations exclusively affect repression while others affect both repression and activation, both functions of Ino2 can be functionally uncoupled. Correspondingly, we mapped the RID–binding activator interaction domain (AID, aa 321–380) at the C-terminus of Opi1 and introduced missense mutations at selected positions. An Opi1 variant simultaneously mutated at three highly conserved positions showed complete loss of repressor function, confirming RID–AID interaction as the crucial step of regulated expression of ICRE-dependent genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A procedure for non-destructive inspection by taking into account the effects of stochastic fatigue crack growth is presented. For this purpose a Markoff chain model is used to update the crack statistics, allowing an efficient computational implementation and a clear account of the involved concepts. In this context, perfect and imperfect removal of cracks, respectively, are considered, which represent idealizations defining bounds for actual situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 742-750 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the determination of materials that are present in very small amounts, it is necessary above all to learn the error of the individual steps of the analysis. The greatest partial error governs the total error of the procedure and usually is due to the inhomogeneity of the material being examined. Only with knowledge of the total error can a decision be reached as to whether the analysis has informational worth, and what apparatus is necessary. The concepts: error, precision, and accuracy are defined and the problem is made clear on the basis of several examples.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans le cas de l'analyse de substances se trouvant en très petites quantités, il est indispensable, en première ligne, d'établir l'erreur intervenant dans chaque étape de l'analyse. L'erreur partielle la plus grande l'emporte sur l'erreur totale du procédé. Elle est due, la plupart du temps, au manque d'homogénéité dû corps étudié. Les notions d'erreur, de précision et d'exactitude se trouvent définies et le problème est rendu explicite à l'aide d'exemples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Analyse von Stoffen, die in sehr geringen Gehalten vorliegen, ist es in erster Linie notwendig, die Fehler der einzelnen Analysenschritte festzustellen. Der größte Teilfehler beherrscht den Gesamtfehler des Verfahrens und ist meist in der Inhomogenität des zu untersuchenden Materials begründet. Erst bei Kenntnis des Gesamtfehlers kann entschieden werden, ob der Analyse Aussagekraft zukommt und welche Apparate notwendig sind. Die Begriffe Fehler, Genauigkeit und Richtigkeit werden definiert und das Problem an Hand einiger Beispiele deutlich gemacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 1 (1949), S. 573-592 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 1 (1948), S. 269-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 10 (1922), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 13 (1966), S. 137-149 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The Federal Institute for Agricultural Chemistry in Vienna has for a number of years investigated the mineral composition of different varieties of wheat and the influence of the nutritional status and other chemical factors of the soil on the minerals in the wheat plant. In addition, the mineral composition of the wheat plants has been investigated as to how it is dependent on the developmental state and growth of the plants. To this end it was necessary to use a point of reference which is constant during all of the growing period. Dry matter and ash are therefore not suitable for this purpose. Useful points of reference were found to be “the average plant”, the “total nutrient uptake per unit area” or the mineral content of the seed used. The investigations are by no means yet completed but some of the many data so far obtained, have been analysed. They concern not only the major but also a number of minor elements and they are presented in a summarized form. It can be seen that comparatively little information can be obtained from data relating the mineral content of the plants to their dry matter content and that luxury consumption and varietal differences of nutrient uptake and nutrient storage come to light, using the suggested points of reference.
    Abstract: Résumé Depuis plusieurs années à la station fédérale de chimie agricole de Vienne des recherches sont en cours pour déterminer dans quelle mesure la teneur en substances minérales du blé depend des variétés, de la fumure et des facteurs agropédologiques. Les variations taux de substances minérales dans les diverses parties de la plante, pendant de la phase de la développement de la végétation, ont également été suivies. Il est nécessaire pour cela de rapporter les résultats à une valeur de référence qui reste constante durant toute la période de végétation. Le poids sec le taux de cendres, ne peuvent servir de référence. Il s'est révélé objectif de rapporter les résultats à la plantule moyenne, et de ramener les prélèvements de minéraux à la surface cultivée; le taux de substances minérales d'un grain de semence est aussi une référence utilisable. Nos recherches ne sont nullement terminées; une partie de nos très nombreux résultats numériques, qui se rapportent aussi bien aux macroéléments qu'à divers oligoéléments, ont été exploités et présentés de facon synthétique. L'information pauvre de la valeur relative des taux rapportés au poids sec apparaît ainsi; on peut mettre en évidence une consommation de luxe, ainsi qu'une différence dans le pouvoir d'absorption et de stockage selon la variété.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit mehreren Jahren sind an der Wiener Landw.-chemischen Bundesversuchsanstalt in Wien Untersuchungen im Gange, die zeigen sollen, ob und wie der Mineralstoffgehalt von Weizen sortenabhängig ist und wie der Mineralstoffgehalt verschiedener Sorten vom Düngungszustand und sonstigen bodenchemischen Faktoren abhängt. Auch wurde geprüft, wie sich der Mineralstoffgehalt in verschiedenen Teilen der Pflanze und in der ganzen Pflanze im Laufe der Vegetationsperiode verändert. Hierbei ist es notwendig, die Ergebnisse auf eine während der ganzen Vegetationszeit gleichbleibende Bezugsgröße zu beziehen. Trockengewicht oder Aschegehalt kommen daher nicht in Frage. Als geeignete Bezugsgrößen erwiesen sich die durchschnittliche Einzelpflanze, der Gesamtentzug pro Flächeneinheit, aber auch der Mineralstoffgehalt eines Saatkornes scheint brauchbar zu sein. Die Untersuchungen sind noch keineswegs abgeschlossen, ein Teil des vorhandenen außerordentlich umfangreichen Zahlenmaterials, das sich sowohl auf die Massenelemente als zum Teil auch auf die Spurenelemente bezieht, konnte aber schon ausgewertet werden und wird in übersichtlicher Form dargestellt. Der verhältnismäßig geringe Informationsgehalt der auf Trockensubstanz bezogenen Zahlen kommt hierbei deutlich zum Ausdruck und Luxuskonsum und sortenabhängiges Speicher- und Aufnahmevermögen werden deutlich.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-08-30
    Print ISSN: 0939-1533
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0681
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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