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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 67 (1982), S. 91-103 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Forests ; Land clearing ; N-cycling ; N-fertilization ; Shifting-cultivation ; Tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen Se conoce bastante poco acera de la dinámica del N en sistemas de agricultura migratoria y otras prácticas de cultivo en el trópico húmedo latinoamericano. Los suelos Oxisoles y Ultisoles que predominan en el 82% de la región están bastante bien dotados de N. Contrariamente a lo que comunmente se cree la mayoría del nitrógeno en ecosistemas naturales se encentra en el suelo y no en la biomasa. Por lo tanto las pérdidas de nitrógeno por la quema son del 20–25% del N existente en el ecosistema. El desmonte mecanizado causa mayores pérdidas de N que el desmonte por tumba y quema tradicional. La ceniza contribuye con cantidades considerables de nitrógeno (67–127 kg N ha−1) al suelo lo cual evita las deficiencias de nitrógeno para el primer cultivo que se siembra. En un Ultisol de la Amazonía la deficiencia de nitrógeno es aguda a partir del segundo cultivo. La tasa de descomposición total para el nitrógeno en la capa arable es alta durante los dos primeros años después de la quema pero se alcanza un nuevo valor de equlibrio posteriormente. La producción contínua de cultivos de ciclo corto es factible en estos suelos mediante prácticas agronómicas correctas. Los cultivos como el maiz y el arroz responden positivamente a dósis de 80–120 kg ha−1 de fertilización con N. La eficiencia de utilización del nitrógeno aplicado es comparable a la de zonas templadas y varía con la época de siembra y sistemas de cultivos. El establecimiento de pastizales después de la quema no causa pérdidas apreciable de nitrógeno en el suelo, especialmente si se siembran mezclas de gramineas con leguminosas y se manejan bien. Debido a que estas observaciones están basadas en datos recolectados en pocos sitios es por lo tanto dificil generalizar. La fertilización con nitrógeno debe considerarse conjuntamente con el manejo adecuado de otras limitaciones de los suelos tales como la acidez y el estado del suelo con respecto a otros elementos nutritivos.
    Notes: Abstract Relatively little is known about the dynamics of N in shifting cultivation and related cropping systems in the humid tropics of Latin America. The soils that predominate in 82% of the region, namely Oxisols and Ultisols, have a fairly high total N content. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the bulk of the N in tropical rainforests is present in the soil, and not in the biomass. Losses of N through clearing and burning are about 20–25% of the N existing in the ecosystem. Mechanized land clearing causes larger N losses than the traditional slash and burn method. Ashes can contribute substantial amounts (67–127 kg N ha−1) to the soil, which prevents N deficiency for the first crop sown, but N deficiency is observed from the second crop onwards. The rate of total-N decomposition in the arable layer is high during the first two years after burning, but subsequently reaches a new equilibrium with continuous cultivation. Continuous production of food crops is feasible in Ultisols and Oxisols of the Amazon with correct agronomic practices. Crops such as maize and rice require N fertilization rates of 80–120 kg N ha−1. The efficiency of applied-N utilization is comparable to that in the temperate zone and varies with planting season and cropping system. Pastures following burning do not cause significant losses of N in the soil, particularly if they consist of properly managed mixtures of grasses and legumes. These observations are based on data collected from only a small number of sites, making generalization difficult. Nitrogen dynamics should be viewed in conjunction with other soil factors such as acidity and the availability of other nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The equation log W=a+bL (where W=dry weight in ug, and L=total length in mm)was used to describe the growth in weight of larval anchovy collected in two areas of the Argentine sea, sampled in different months and several years. Regression lines were compared by covariance analysis applied to two size groups, namely larvae less and over 10 mm total length, as an evident break in the slopes indicated the existence of a chenge of rythm in the trajectory of larval growth in length. Significant differences between the slopes of the growth lines were observed within the smaller size group. No regional or yearly differences could be established fo larvae larger than 10 mm.
    Description: Publisher permission
    Description: Published
    Description: Clupeiformes, Engraulidae, relaciones largo-peso, larvas de peces
    Keywords: Fish larvae ; Length-weight relationships ; Fish larvae ; Condition factor
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ichthyoplankton samples were collected during an exploratory cruise carried out by the RV Dr.Holmberg during the spring spawning peak of 1981 in the sea-shelf off Buenos Aires province (Argentina). The cruise was designed to carry out population studies in a restricted area of intense reproduction activity, in order to gather information on the time-space patterns of distribution of the eggs and larvae of the species.
    Description: Publisher permission
    Description: Published
    Description: Clupeiformes, Engraulidae, larvas de peces, huevos de peces, curvas de crecimiento, condiciones controladas, mortalidad
    Keywords: Fish larvae ; Mortality ; Fish larvae ; Mortality ; Growth curves ; Controlled conditions ; Fish eggs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Mar del Plata: Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Lagrangian changes in distribution and survival within an anchovy egg and larvae patch were studied by means of multiple opening/closing sampling following a free drifting buoy. The buoy was equipped with a radar reflector and flashing light, and it was connected to a current cross drogue floating at 15 m depth, which corresponded to the main egg and larvae concentration within the patch. The drifter was launched on the Buenos Aires continental shelf, off Necochea during the spring spawning peak of 1983. Three discrete depths (within, below and above the thermocline)were repeatedly sampled close to the drogue with a Motoda sampler. Egg and larval abundances in the vicinity of the drogue were monitored at 3/4 hour intervals for a period of three days. Each plankton station included a set of hydrographic and climatological data registered simultaneously. The efficiency of the drogue as a Lagrangian marker was examined by means of the application of multifactorial ANOVA to test the significance of variability between days, light regime, sampling depths, population structure and their interactions. Wind drag on the surface unit did not significantly affect the trajectory of the drogue. Patterns of embryonic and larval vertical distribution are discussed by means of the variations in the centre of mass, in the vertical dispersion and patchiness indexes for each developmental stage analyzed. There is evidence of diel vertical migration in larvae larger than 8 mm SL. Although the incidence of feeding based on observations of the presence of undigested food in the gut content of larvae was low, a daily feeding pattern over a 14-hour period starting after sunrise, was evident. Evening ascent of larger larvae was not related to feeding activity. A single equation two-stage model, assuming age dependent mortality in the embryonic and post-larval period is derived and compared to standard models based on constant exponential decay during each developmental phase.
    Description: Publisher permission
    Description: Published
    Description: Engraulidae, Engraulis anchoita, anchoíta, relevamientos ictioplanctónicos, relevamientos pesqueros, larvas de peces, huevos de peces, distribución vertical, abundancia, boyas a la deriva, efectos ambientales, alimentación, supervivencia, migraciones verticales
    Keywords: Feeding ; Fish larvae ; Survival ; Fish larvae ; Fish eggs ; Vertical migrations ; Feeding ; Environmental effects ; Ichthyoplankton surveys ; Vertical distribution ; Survival ; Abundance ; Drifting data buoys ; Fishery surveys
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This dissertation is focused on the study of implications of spatial patterns on survival of eggs and larvae and subsequent recruitment of the SW Atlantic anchovy, Engraulis anchoita. The study of distribution patterns is encompassed within the conceptual framework of the analysis of reproductive strategies of marine bony fish, as adaptations that enable them to cope with and actively exploit environmental variability, regulating their abundance and avoiding extinction. The SW Atlantic anchovy, is ideally suitable for studies on reproductive biology and recruitment on a comparative basis. Its spawning and nursery grounds are located in very diverse ecosystems. This variety refers to their physico-chemical properties, carrying capacity, the influence of several water masses, and the contribution of fresh water runoffs from different origins. Important physical features are seasonal thermocline formation, and the presence of transitional regions such as oceanic, shelf-break and tidal shelf fronts, and upwelling areas. The aim of this dissertation was to study the biological response to that environmental heterogeneity. The central issue of the discussion was the implication of that apparent lack of association between reproductive activity and environmental conditions, on the rates of growth and mortality during the early developmental stages, and subsequent recruitment. As a working hypothesis the existence of some degree of dependence between those population attributes and the evolution of the distributional patterns during the early ontogeny was postulated. To prove this assumption distributions were studied not only in their usual connotation (i.e. spatial arrangement, geographic location), but also in their ecological and statistical sense, in a variety of time-space scales, from the Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives. The final outcome, based on the identification of factors influencing the survival of the early developmental stages of the species, was the derivation of models that could describe mechanisms of demographic regulation.
    Description: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales.
    Description: Tesis (Doctorado). Copia en PDF: portada, índice, resumen, referencias bibliográficas.
    Description: Engraulis anchoita, Engraulidae, huevos, larvas de peces, ictioplancton, biomasa, reproducción, distribución, desarrollo de estadíos, desarrollo larval, desarrollo embrionario, mortalidad, evaluación de efectivos, condiciones ambientales
    Keywords: Biomass ; Developmental stages ; Stock assessment ; Fish larvae ; Reproduction ; Mortality ; Environmental conditions ; Fish eggs ; Fish larvae ; Recruitment ; Ichthyoplankton ; Biomass ; Reproduction ; Developmental stages ; Mortality ; Stock assessment ; Environmental conditions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations
    Format: 7135732 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 630
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper reviews the information on pelagic and demersal fish eggs and larvae, describing the distribution and seasonality of different species and their arrangement in icthyoplankton assemblages in the Southern patagonian waters. It also reports on 11 surveys conducted by INIDEP during 1992-1995. A total of 488 ichthyoplankton samples were analyzed. Fish eggs have been recognized in 47. of all ichthyoplankton samples. They belong to three species: Coelorhynchus fasciatus, Macrourus whitsoni and Micromesistius australis. Fish larvae of 23 species and 17 families have been identified in 96. of all samples analyzed. Spawning of most species begins in autumn, and progresses through winter, when the southern blue whiting and grenadier fish contribute to more than half of all eggs present in our samples. Nototheniid and myctophiid larvae were caught during all year long. Four larval groups were detected using cluster analysis: the first group, formed exclusively by nototheniids, which occupied a vast area on the continental shelf between 100 and 200 m depth, the second formed by Agonopsis chiloensis, Eleginops maclovinus, Macruronus magellanicus and Sprattus fuegensis in coastal waters, the third formed by myctophiids, Gymnoscopelus spp. and Micromesistius australis, inhabit the outer continental shelf and slope, and the fourth included Protomyctophum spp., Krefftichthys anderssoni and Bathylagus antarcticus, species typically found in Subantarctic waters of the Malvinas Current. Comparing the distribution of eggs and larvae of blue whiting from collections obtained during the 70's and 80's, with those of recent surveys, it is evident, that a significant contraction of the spawning grounds of the species has take place, particularly to the west of the archipelago.
    Description: Sánchez, R.P.; ed. 1999. Reproductive habitat, biology and acoustic biomass estiomates of the southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) in the sea off southern patagonia. INIDEP Documento Científico, 5: 93 p.
    Description: Published
    Description: larvas de peces, huevos de peces, distribución estacional, abundancia de asociaciones, ictioplancton
    Keywords: Fish larvae ; Ichthyoplankton ; Fish larvae ; Fish eggs ; Seasonal distribution ; Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: Genome-wide patterns of variation across individuals provide a powerful source of data for uncovering the history of migration, range expansion, and adaptation of the human species. However, high-resolution surveys of variation in genotype, haplotype and copy number have generally focused on a small number of population groups. Here we report the analysis of high-quality genotypes at 525,910 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 396 copy-number-variable loci in a worldwide sample of 29 populations. Analysis of SNP genotypes yields strongly supported fine-scale inferences about population structure. Increasing linkage disequilibrium is observed with increasing geographic distance from Africa, as expected under a serial founder effect for the out-of-Africa spread of human populations. New approaches for haplotype analysis produce inferences about population structure that complement results based on unphased SNPs. Despite a difference from SNPs in the frequency spectrum of the copy-number variants (CNVs) detected--including a comparatively large number of CNVs in previously unexamined populations from Oceania and the Americas--the global distribution of CNVs largely accords with population structure analyses for SNP data sets of similar size. Our results produce new inferences about inter-population variation, support the utility of CNVs in human population-genetic research, and serve as a genomic resource for human-genetic studies in diverse worldwide populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jakobsson, Mattias -- Scholz, Sonja W -- Scheet, Paul -- Gibbs, J Raphael -- VanLiere, Jenna M -- Fung, Hon-Chung -- Szpiech, Zachary A -- Degnan, James H -- Wang, Kai -- Guerreiro, Rita -- Bras, Jose M -- Schymick, Jennifer C -- Hernandez, Dena G -- Traynor, Bryan J -- Simon-Sanchez, Javier -- Matarin, Mar -- Britton, Angela -- van de Leemput, Joyce -- Rafferty, Ian -- Bucan, Maja -- Cann, Howard M -- Hardy, John A -- Rosenberg, Noah A -- Singleton, Andrew B -- G0701075/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MR/K01417X/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):998-1003. doi: 10.1038/nature06742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; *Geography ; Haplotypes/*genetics ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2009-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 12;458(7235):148. doi: 10.1038/458148a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute at Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. psanchez@ei.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/methods ; Food/economics ; Humans ; *Hunger ; *International Cooperation ; *Public Policy ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- Ahamed, Sonya -- Carre, Florence -- Hartemink, Alfred E -- Hempel, Jonathan -- Huising, Jeroen -- Lagacherie, Philippe -- McBratney, Alex B -- McKenzie, Neil J -- Mendonca-Santos, Maria de Lourdes -- Minasny, Budiman -- Montanarella, Luca -- Okoth, Peter -- Palm, Cheryl A -- Sachs, Jeffrey D -- Shepherd, Keith D -- Vagen, Tor-Gunnar -- Vanlauwe, Bernard -- Walsh, Markus G -- Winowiecki, Leigh A -- Zhang, Gan-Lin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):680-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1175084.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute at Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. psanchez@ei.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: Whole-genome sequencing of the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi revealed that the diploid genome contains a predicted 22,570 proteins encoded by genes, of which 12,570 represent allelic pairs. Over 50% of the genome consists of repeated sequences, such as retrotransposons and genes for large families of surface molecules, which include trans-sialidases, mucins, gp63s, and a large novel family (〉1300 copies) of mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) genes. Analyses of the T. cruzi, T. brucei, and Leishmania major (Tritryp) genomes imply differences from other eukaryotes in DNA repair and initiation of replication and reflect their unusual mitochondrial DNA. Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El-Sayed, Najib M -- Myler, Peter J -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Nilsson, Daniel -- Aggarwal, Gautam -- Tran, Anh-Nhi -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Worthey, Elizabeth A -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Westenberger, Scott J -- Caler, Elisabet -- Cerqueira, Gustavo C -- Branche, Carole -- Haas, Brian -- Anupama, Atashi -- Arner, Erik -- Aslund, Lena -- Attipoe, Philip -- Bontempi, Esteban -- Bringaud, Frederic -- Burton, Peter -- Cadag, Eithon -- Campbell, David A -- Carrington, Mark -- Crabtree, Jonathan -- Darban, Hamid -- da Silveira, Jose Franco -- de Jong, Pieter -- Edwards, Kimberly -- Englund, Paul T -- Fazelina, Gholam -- Feldblyum, Tamara -- Ferella, Marcela -- Frasch, Alberto Carlos -- Gull, Keith -- Horn, David -- Hou, Lihua -- Huang, Yiting -- Kindlund, Ellen -- Klingbeil, Michele -- Kluge, Sindy -- Koo, Hean -- Lacerda, Daniela -- Levin, Mariano J -- Lorenzi, Hernan -- Louie, Tin -- Machado, Carlos Renato -- McCulloch, Richard -- McKenna, Alan -- Mizuno, Yumi -- Mottram, Jeremy C -- Nelson, Siri -- Ochaya, Stephen -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Pai, Grace -- Parsons, Marilyn -- Pentony, Martin -- Pettersson, Ulf -- Pop, Mihai -- Ramirez, Jose Luis -- Rinta, Joel -- Robertson, Laura -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Sanchez, Daniel O -- Seyler, Amber -- Sharma, Reuben -- Shetty, Jyoti -- Simpson, Anjana J -- Sisk, Ellen -- Tammi, Martti T -- Tarleton, Rick -- Teixeira, Santuza -- Van Aken, Susan -- Vogt, Christy -- Ward, Pauline N -- Wickstead, Bill -- Wortman, Jennifer -- White, Owen -- Fraser, Claire M -- Stuart, Kenneth D -- Andersson, Bjorn -- AI045039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45061/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI031077/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI031077-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI045038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI045039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):409-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Parasite Genomics, Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. nelsayed@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chagas Disease/drug therapy/parasitology ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Meiosis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Multigene Family ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction ; Telomere/genetics ; Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Trypanosoma cruzi/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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